Making Order in the Vaults of Memory: Tamil Satellite Stanzas on the Transmission of Texts

The Tamil intellectual universe, like so many others, underwent a profound change in the course of the 19th century, the period when print, although not unknown before, became available for the first time on a large scale, which allowed the publication and dissemination of a variety of text corpora from the Tamil poetic and religious traditions. This process has been described in recent years, for its material and political impact, from a number of sides, be it manuscript studies, print studies and literary or general social history. An understudied aspect seems to be the sources of continuity in this transformation, and an important part of these is a type of free-floating stanza, most often a four-liner in the Veṇpā metre, transmitted in the paratextual margins of texts, orally handed down from teacher to student and figuring large in prefaces and introductions to the early prints. It is these little verses of mostly indeterminable date and origin which helped to shape the form today’s corpora and canonic works are printed in. They have to be understood, on the one hand, as a way precarious knowledge was preserved in periods of instability and perishable media, and on the other hand as specimens of a literary genre by itself. Moreover, there are reasons to believe that they were deemed important enough to supply them in cases where transmission failed

Measurement of the CKM Matrix Element |Vub| with B -> rho e ny Decays at BABAR

The branching fraction for B -> rho e nu decays and the CKM matrix element |Vub| is measured with semileptonic exclusive B-meson decays using approximately 55 million Upsilon(4S) -> BBbar decays collected during the years 2000 and 2001 with the BABAR detector. The result is Br(B0 -> rho- e+ nu) = (3.39 +- 0.44 +- 0.52 +- 0.60) x 10^-4, and |Vub| = (3.69 +- 0.23 +- 0.27 +0.40-0.59) x 10^-3. The quoted errors are statistical, systematic, and theoretical respectively. These are combined results obtained using five different form-factor models. Individual results are also quoted.Das Verzweigungsverhältnis B -> rho e nu und das CKM Matrix Element |Vub| werden mittels semileptonischer exklusiver B Mesonen Zerfälle gemessen. Die Daten wurden in den Jahren 2000 und 2001 mit dem BABAR Dektektor aufgezeichnet und ensprechen ungefähr 55 Millionen Upsilon(4S) -> BBbar Zerfällen. Das Ergebnis ist Br(B0 -> rho- e+ nu) = (3.39 +- 0.44 +- 0.52 +- 0.60) x 10^-4 und |Vub| = (3.69 +- 0.23 +- 0.27 +0.40-0.59) x 10^-3. Die angegebenen Fehler sind statistisch, systematisch und theoretisch. Dieses Ergebnis ist eine Kombination von Ergebnissen fünf verschiedener Form-Faktor Modelle. Die Ergebnisse werden auch für jedes Modell einzeln angegeben

From Ear to Foot: How Intuitive Choreographers Interpret Music.

What is the relationship between music and dance? Specifically, when choreographers interpret music with movement, what in the music are they responding to? When faced with ambiguities in the music, such as conflicting meters, how do choreographers choose which paths to pursue? With the aim of addressing these questions, fourteen professional choreographers from Europe, Brazil, and the United States were recruited to participate in a survey. This included a) general questions about how they use music when choreographing, and b) specific questions concerning four short musical tracks taken from the second movement of Maurice Ravels String Quartet in F Major. Regarding the general questions, responses revealed that choreographers have very different approaches to incorporating music in their working methods. Nevertheless, regarding the specific questions, answers showed striking consistency in how individual musical passages would be interpreted. In a second, exploratory study, aimed at achieving ecological validity, five student choreographers (undergraduate and graduate students at the University of New Mexico) were asked to create and perform a solo dance to the complete second movement of Ravel\u27s String Quartet. These performances were videotaped, and each video was analyzed (somewhat following Hodgins, 1992) for rhythmic, dynamic, textural, structural, and articulative qualities. The music was then analyzed along similar dimensions, and the results were compared. Musically ambiguous passages (e.g. those with conflicting meters) were of special interest, as they demonstrate the variety of interpretations that choreographers have, and presumably that listeners do too

The efficacy of an alternative school

This study examines a self-contained day school for emotionally disturbed adolescents by evaluating whether changes produced by the intervention result in practical personally and socially worthwhile improvements. Such evaluation, often called social validation (Kazden, 1977) involves determining whether the changes have brought the student\u27s performance within acceptable levels. Social validation deals with how closely the student\u27s functioning fits expectations of appropriate performance in society (Haring & McCormick, 1990). This hypothesis was tested by the results of a questionnaire given to graduates from the program since DYFS withdrew its funding in 1983. Success was defined as having the ability to support themselves with or without further education and no public assistance, and also being law abiding citizens. To determine these factors the questions dealt with current family status, job/income, military history, and post high school education. The graduates were successful according to this criterion. The respondents were well socialized and integrated into society. Out of 43 responses, only 2 people were unemployed and 1 incarcerated, leaving a 93% employed population

Multi-level project governance: Trends and opportunities

© 2014 Elsevier Ltd and International Project Management Association. Project governance is important in ensuring successful project delivery. In this article we conduct a systematic investigation of previous research to provide a content-driven review of the literature, and to provide future research direction. We use the textual data mining software Leximancer to identify dominant concepts and themes underlying project governance research. Our findings indicate that agency and stakeholder theories have been adapted to the project governance context to a greater extent than other theories. Furthermore, we find differences in project governance research, published in project management journals compared to general management, IT and engineering journals. We conclude the paper by presenting a framework that links governance theories to the multiple organizational levels relevant to project governance

Z-selective, anti-Markovnikov addition of alkoxides to terminal alkynes: an electron transfer pathway?

Potassium alkoxides undergo anti-Markovnikov addition to aryl-substituted alkynes with Z selectivity in DMF as the solvent. The yields and efficiency of the reaction was also found to be enhanced by the addition of a secondary amine ligand such as N,N′-dimethylethylenediamine. Mechanistic investigations suggest that the products, reaction rates and selectivity can be explained via a single electron transfer from the alkoxide to the alkyne. This leads to a radical anion intermediate, which then rapidly combines with the alkoxide to yield a vinyl anion whose lifetime governs the E:Z selectivity observed in the products

The chemistry of ynol and thioynol ethers

Alkynyl ethers and alkynyl thioethers (‘ynol ethers’ and ‘thioynol ethers’) are appealing building-blocks in synthetic chemistry due to their ease of manipulation and predictable reactivity. Until recently however, their potential has remained underexploited due to difficulties in preparation and isolation. Although recent advances in synthetic chemistry have highlighted various applications for ynol ethers, the equivalent thioynol examples have been rather less exploited despite a unique and fascinating reactivity profile. Although superficially the chemistry of alkynyl ethers and their sulfide counterparts are similar, close examination of their chemistry reveals important differences which can be exploited by the synthetic chemist. This review will examine the preparation of both classes of compound and examine their reactivity to highlight their powerful synthetic applications. Particular focus will be made of thiynol ethers whose chemistry exhibits some fascinating differences compared to their oxygen counterparts and have immense untapped potential for synthetic chemistry

ANALISIS TEOLOGIS PEMAHAMAN GMAHK JEMAAT BARUS JULU TENTANG INTERPRETASI “MENGHUJAT ROH KUDUS” BERDASARKAN MARKUS 3:28,29

In this study, the author examines the understanding of blaspheming the Holy Spiritis based on Mark 3:28, 29. The author of this research focuses on the Seventh-dayAdventists Church of Barus Julu, Karo. The study has a base with three mainindicators, namely; the role of the Holy Spirit, the concept of blasphemy of the HolySpirit and not be forgiven forever.This study is divided into two parts, namely the study of the theory and fieldresearch. The results of the study of the theory is about the role and work of theHoly Spirit, the concept and definition of blasphemy of the Holy Spirit never hasforgiveness forever and is guilty of an eternal sin.This study includes three parts: (1) What is the role and work of the Holy Spirit.Some experts say that the role of the Holy Spirit at the end of this age are verynumerous and important. Some of the Holy Spirit's role is very important of which isto help the saints in prayer, giving a new heart, give the gift of the Spirit, which leadsto Truth, helper and comforter, sensitize and convince; (2) Definition of blasphemyof the Holy Spirit. Experts claim that blaspheming the Holy Spirit that is resistingthe Holy Spirit works continuously and when the Holy Spirit had retreated fromhumans, so there is no repentance on human; (3) Never has forgiveness forever andis guilty of an eternal sin. The only unpardonable sin is blaspheming the Holy Spirit.The results of field research conducted through a questionnaire distributed to 34members of the church Seventh-day Adventist Church congregation Barus Julu,Karo, where the questionnaire contains 27-points statement generates a data it can beconcluded that the respondents have a poor understanding well in answering the firstindicator in a statement 3, 4 about the work Fatherhood different and in indicatorsboth in the statement 12 of blaspheming the Holy Spirit differ with blaspheming Godthe Father and Jesus, in a statement 13 of blaspheming the Spirit Ghost is said thatthe work of the Holy Spirit is the work of Satan

Teachers’ self‐reported L1 and L2 use and self‐assessed L2 proficiency in primary EFL education

This study investigates teachers’ first language (L1, German) and second language (L2, English) use in the primary English as a foreign language (EFL) classroom in two federal German states. It particularly focuses on the question of whether a more frequent, (self-reported) use of the L2 is positively correlated to teachers’ professional qualification as well as (self-assessed) L2 proficiency. To this end, data was collected in 2017 through an online survey among German primary teachers teaching EFL in year 4 (N = 844). L2 use was assessed through a 4-point Likert scale comprising 16 items on various classroom situations. L1 use was surveyed with an open question on situations of L1 use in the L2 classroom. Moreover, teachers self-assessed their L2 proficiency with a 4-point Likert scale and adapted CEFR descriptors for speaking. Findings indicate that teachers claim to use the L2 more in L2-related situations and the L1 more in classroom management situations. The study shows that teachers with a higher formal qualification tend to assess their L2 proficiency higher and claim to use the L2 more often in the primary EFL classroom. In contrast, teachers with a lower formal qualification tend to assess their L2 proficiency lower and claim to use the L1 more frequently in the L2 classroom

The preparation and applications of amides using electrosynthesis

The synthesis of amides is extremely important given the ubiquitous presence of this motif in biological systems, as well as in the pharmaceutical industry, where it is estimated that amide preparation is the most common chemical reaction employed. As such, greener routes to this motif have long been a vital research goal. Amide groups are also synthetically versatile, capable of taking part in a wide range of different transformations, especially when subjected to electrochemical conditions. The current resurgence of electrosynthesis has led to new and more sustainable syntheses of (and using) amides to be published in recent times. As such, this tutorial review aims to highlight these reactions. Given the vital importance of amides and the growing interest in electrosynthesis, the combination of these two topics is an exciting and interesting field of research that holds a lot of promise in the future of synthetic chemistry