Penerapan Pembelajaran dengan Model Project Based Learning Berbasis Laboratorium Virtual untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Materi Pemanasan Global

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan hasil belajar siswa kelas XI  MIA SMA Negeri 8 Surabaya setelah menerapkan pembelajaran dengan model project based learning berbasis laboratorium virtual pada materi pemanasan global. Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasy eksperiment designdengan  pretest and posttest group design menggunakan 1 kelas eksperimen dan 2 kelas replikasi. Sasaran penelitian ini adalah siswa di kelas XI MIA 1, XI MIA 5, dan XI MIA dengan pengambilan kelas sampel menggunakan kelas sampel yang cocok (convenient sampling) untuk mendapatkan hasil yang optimal. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan teknik pengamatan dan tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan siswa di ketiga kelas tersebut meningkat signifikan diperoleh nilai , peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dengan nilai rata-rata n-gain masing-masing adalah 0,57; 0,54; dan 0,61 dalam kategori sedang, peningkatan dari ketiga kelas konsisten dengan nilai  < .Nilai keterampilan siswa di ketiga kelas tersebut berturut-turut sebesar 3,44; 3,36; dan 3,30 dengan kategori B+. Nilai rata-rata sikap siswa di ketiga kelas tersebut masing-masing adalah memperoleh  berturut-turut 3,12; 3,11; dan 3,09 dengan kategori sikap baik. Sehingga dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa hasil belajar siswa pada materi pemanasan global dapat meningkat setelah diterapkan pembelajaran dengan model project based learning berbasis laboratorium virtual.   Kata Kunci:   model Project based learning, laboratorium virtual, Hasil Belajar. Abstract This study aimed to describe the learning outcomes of students of class XI MIA SMAN 8 Surabaya after applying the model of project based learning with learning based virtual laboratory on the material of global warming. This type of research is quasy experiment design with pretest and posttest group design using one experimental class and two classes of replication. The targets of this research is the students in class XI MIA 1, XI MIA 5, and XI MIA 6 with take class samples used convenient sampling to obtain optimal results. Data collected by using observation and tests. The results showed that the knowledge of students in three classes increased significantly, obtained value ,. Improving student learning outcomes with an average value of n-gain is 0.57; 0.54; and 0.61 in the medium category. An increase of three classes consistent with the values ​​  < .Value skills of students in three classes in a row at 3.44; 3.36; and 3.30 with a category B+. The average value of the attitude of the students in three classes obtained respectively 3.12; 3.11; and 3.09 with a good attitude category. So it can be concluded that student learning outcomes in global warming material can be increased after the applied learning project based learning based virtual laboratory.   Keywords: project based learning, virtual  laboratory, learning outcomes

Penerapan Pembelajaran dengan Model Project Based Learning Berbasis Laboratorium Virtual untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Materi Pemanasan Global

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan hasil belajar siswa kelas XI  MIA SMA Negeri 8 Surabaya setelah menerapkan pembelajaran dengan model project based learning berbasis laboratorium virtual pada materi pemanasan global. Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasy eksperiment designdengan  pretest and posttest group design menggunakan 1 kelas eksperimen dan 2 kelas replikasi. Sasaran penelitian ini adalah siswa di kelas XI MIA 1, XI MIA 5, dan XI MIA dengan pengambilan kelas sampel menggunakan kelas sampel yang cocok (convenient sampling) untuk mendapatkan hasil yang optimal. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan teknik pengamatan dan tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan siswa di ketiga kelas tersebut meningkat signifikan diperoleh nilai , peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dengan nilai rata-rata n-gain masing-masing adalah 0,57; 0,54; dan 0,61 dalam kategori sedang, peningkatan dari ketiga kelas konsisten dengan nilai  < .Nilai keterampilan siswa di ketiga kelas tersebut berturut-turut sebesar 3,44; 3,36; dan 3,30 dengan kategori B+. Nilai rata-rata sikap siswa di ketiga kelas tersebut masing-masing adalah memperoleh  berturut-turut 3,12; 3,11; dan 3,09 dengan kategori sikap baik. Sehingga dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa hasil belajar siswa pada materi pemanasan global dapat meningkat setelah diterapkan pembelajaran dengan model project based learning berbasis laboratorium virtual.   Kata Kunci:   model Project based learning, laboratorium virtual, Hasil Belajar. Abstract This study aimed to describe the learning outcomes of students of class XI MIA SMAN 8 Surabaya after applying the model of project based learning with learning based virtual laboratory on the material of global warming. This type of research is quasy experiment design with pretest and posttest group design using one experimental class and two classes of replication. The targets of this research is the students in class XI MIA 1, XI MIA 5, and XI MIA 6 with take class samples used convenient sampling to obtain optimal results. Data collected by using observation and tests. The results showed that the knowledge of students in three classes increased significantly, obtained value ,. Improving student learning outcomes with an average value of n-gain is 0.57; 0.54; and 0.61 in the medium category. An increase of three classes consistent with the values ​​  < .Value skills of students in three classes in a row at 3.44; 3.36; and 3.30 with a category B+. The average value of the attitude of the students in three classes obtained respectively 3.12; 3.11; and 3.09 with a good attitude category. So it can be concluded that student learning outcomes in global warming material can be increased after the applied learning project based learning based virtual laboratory.   Keywords: project based learning, virtual  laboratory, learning outcomes

Effect of Vitamin D on aldose reductase in Indonesian diabetic polyneuropathy patients : a randomized clinical trial

Aldose Reductase (AR) is an important factor in the pathogenesis of several Diabetes Mellitus (DM) complications, including diabetic neuropathy (DN). Vitamin D has a direct effect on the pathogenesis of DN. Aldose reductase inhibition is an important element in the prevention of DM complications. The objective of this paper was to assess the effect of vitamin D on AR in Indonesian diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) patients. This cohort study was undertaken at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial, eligible patients were randomized to receive vitamin D 50,000 IU/week or placebo for 10 weeks. The primary end-point was mean changes of nerve conduction velocity (NCV) from baseline and after 10 weeks of supplementation. There was no significant correlation between mean changes of vitamin D and AR levels. There was significant correlation with negative direction and weak strength between mean changes of AR level and NCV of motor Tibial nerve (p<0.05; r=-0.337). There was significant correlation with positive direction and moderate strength between mean changes of vitamin D level and NCV of motor Median and Peroneal nerves, and motor and sensory Ulnar nerves (p<0.001; r=0.438 – 0.527). In conclusion, vitamin D supplementation had no effect on AR level in Indonesian DPN patients. Higher AR level was correlated with decreased NCV of motor Tibial nerve. Vitamin D supplementation improved NCV in DPN

Methylene blue adsorption by acid post-treated low temperature biochar derived from banana (Musa acuminata) Pseudostem

The adsorption of methylene blue dye solution using low temperature biochar (PSB) and acid post-treated biochar (PT-PSB) derived from banana (Musa acuminata) pseudostem was investigated. The raw material was ovendried at 105 °C for 24 h and then carbonized via slow pyrolysis at a low temperature of 300 °C for 1 h. The biochar was further treated with 1.0 M HCl for 24 h. At room temperature, batch adsorption experiments were conducted to determine the removal efficiency of methylene blue at different parameters; solution pH (3-10), adsorbent dosage (0.05-0.30 g) and initial concentration (25-150 mg/L). The results exhibited that the highest removal efficiency of methylene blue using PSB was 96.6% at optimum solution pH 6 with the adsorbent dosage of 0.20 g. Nevertheless, the better removal efficiency of methylene blue using PT-PSB was identified (99.3%) at optimum solution pH 7 and adsorbent dosage of 0.25 g. The initial concentration of 25 mg/L showed the maximum removal efficiency for both PSB and PT-PSB. The adsorption isotherm analysis showed that both PSB and PT-PSB were better fitted with the Freundlich isotherm model which indicates multilayer adsorption onto the heterogeneous surface of the adsorbents. Kinetic data showed that the adsorption of methylene blue onto PSB and PT-PSB was well fitted by the pseudo-second order model, indicating chemical adsorption. Banana pseudostem showed great potential to be used as an efficient low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution