Les observatoires de Accem dans la province de Guadalajara.

International audienceLa tache globale faite dans les deux projets a consisté a transformer les centres de ACCEM en des lieux dynamiseurs de la vie socio -économique du territoire, a travers de la participation de divers acteurs et agents sociaux, organismes publiques et privée

The role of snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere winter to summer transition

This paper examines the role of North Hemisphere snow cover in the linkage between the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the summer Northern Annular Mode (NAM). This transition is partially supported by the persistence of the NAO-induced snow cover anomalies and the asymmetric thermal distribution induced by summer snow cover. We define an index of subpolar temperature difference which links winter NAO with the subsequent summer NAM. The index is also significant in the linkage between summer and winter climates and can be used as an useful predictor of the upcoming winter NAO

Patterns of Fluctuation of Employment in the European Union: National Cycles and Effects of Tertiarization

The paper has two aims. First, to study the possible relationships existing between cyclical fluctuations of employment by countries in the EU and the EU as a whole. And, second, to analyse the effects produced by the intense and increasing growth of employment in service industries in such fluctuations. In short, a first aim is to analyse the fact that cyclical movements of employment by countries (EU context)show some diffenreces and, on the second objective is to explore if the increasing presence of services in the employment structure has or not important consequences on employment fluctuations at national level. The first part of the paper analyses the cyclical fluctuations of employment in each of the EU countries, as a basis to set up the differences btw. countries and to establish the European cycle of employment. The second part is focused on the study of the apparent relationship existing between national fluctuations of employment and the structural changes as an explaining factor. Finally, the paper also analyses if there is or not a process of convergence (progressive adjustment) between the European countries and if they tend to adjust themselves to the more general trends observed. The lack of a European data-base on employment fluctuations at regional level (quarterly) impedes actually to extend the analysis to this level. Nevertheless, a case-study on a country and its regions will be included to test the differences/coincidences compared to the paper's general conclusions.

Valoración del renombre de las marcas deportivas : un análisis empírico para las marcas españolas de clubes de fútbol

La gestión de una marca deportiva, tiene una consideración estratégica. La marca es la herramientafundamental para crear y mantener una ventaja competitiva sostenible en un gran número desectores económicos, especialmente en el deporte y más concretamente en los clubes de fútbol. Este trabajo pretende estudiar el valor de marca contrastado empíricamente de los clubes de fútbol españoles puesto que es un instrumento clave tanto desde el punto de vista del valor relacional en el mercado como en el plano de la valoración económico-financiera y valor para los accionistas.The management of a sport brand has a strategic consideration. The brand is the main tool to make and keep a competitive and sustainable advantage in a great number of economic sectors, specifically in sports, and specifically in football clubs. This research tries to empirically contrast the brand value of the Spanish football clubs. This brand value is a key instrument from the point of view of relational market value, as well as the level of economic-financial and shareholder values.Publicad

Niveles de satisfacción en usuarios de piscinas cubiertas con la profundidad del vaso utlizado para la práctica

El acercamiento de nuevos sectores de población al deporte ha dado lugar a una diversificación en las actividades demandadas y en las motivaciones para la práctica. Sin embargo, en el caso de las actividades acuáticas, muchos asos cubiertos siguen siendo disenados, en dimensiones y profundidad, para responder a intereses de rendimiento y competición. Estas consideraciones, especialmente la referida a la profundidad, conllevan limitaciones para la realización de programas ajustados a las nuevas necesidades y, además, pueden generar insatisfacción entre los usuarios. En el presente trabajo se analizan los niveles de satisfacción de usuarios de piscinas cubiertas con distintos aspectos relativos a la profundidad. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que en vasos profundos se registran menores niveles de satisfacción entre los usuarios.The approach of new population sectors to sport has given rise to a wide range of requested activities and motivations to practice. However, in several sectors like water activities, many sports facilities such as indoor swimming pools are still being designed, in terms of dimensions and depths, in order to respond to performance and competition interests. These considerations, especially as far as depth is concerned, entail limitations to the fulfilment of programmes that suit new necessities and, what is more, can also generate dissatisfaction among users. This study analyses the satisfaction level of indoor swimming pool users with different issues related to depth. The results obtained show that a high depth of indoor pool generates lower satisfaction levels among users

European summer temperatures since Roman times

The spatial context is criticalwhen assessing present-day climate anomalies, attributing them to potential forcings and making statements regarding their frequency and severity in a long-term perspective. Recent international initiatives have expanded the number of high-quality proxy-records and developed new statistical reconstruction methods. These advances allow more rigorous regional past temperature reconstructions and, in turn, the possibility of evaluating climate models on policy-relevant, spatiotemporal scales. Here we provide a new proxy-based, annually-resolved, spatial reconstruction of the European summer (June-August) temperature fields back to 755 CE based on Bayesian hierarchical modelling (BHM), together with estimates of the European mean temperature variation since 138 BCE based on BHM and composite-plus-scaling (CPS). Our reconstructions compare well with independent instrumental and proxy-based temperature estimates, but suggest a larger amplitude in summer temperature variability than previously reported. Both CPS and BHM reconstructions indicate that the mean 20th century European summer temperature was not significantly different from some earlier centuries, including the 1st, 2nd, 8th and 10th centuries CE. The 1st century (in BHM also the 10th century) may even have been slightly warmer than the 20th century, but the difference is not statistically significant. Comparing each 50 yr period with the 1951-2000 period reveals a similar pattern. Recent summers, however, have been unusually warm in the context of the last two millennia and there are no 30 yr periods in either reconstruction that exceed the mean average European summer temperature of the last 3 decades (1986-2015 CE). A comparison with an ensemble of climate model simulations suggests that the reconstructed European summer temperature variability over the period 850-2000 CE reflects changes in both internal variability and external forcing on multi-decadal time-scales. For pan-European temperatures we find slightly better agreement between the reconstruction and the model simulations with high-end estimates for total solar irradiance. Temperature differences between the medieval period, the recent period and the Little Ice Age are larger in the reconstructions than the simulations. This may indicate inflated variability of the reconstructions, a lack of sensitivity and processes to changes in external forcing on the simulated European climate and/or an underestimation of internal variability on centennial and longer time scales

Sustainable, Smart and Muslim-Friendly Tourist Destinations

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools are perfect for developing tourism. Several countries are making an effort to become smart and sustainable tourist destinations, making it easier for tourists to interact with their environment while at the same time improving the quality of life for local people. There are many studies of this process and the benefits it brings, although most of them approach the subject from a western traveler's point of view. This article aims to study the benefits of being a smart and Muslim-friendly tourist destination. An exploratory study was therefore carried out, including a bibliographical review of over one hundred secondary sources. We analyze the Muslim-friendly online services provided by nine destinations, and one of our principal conclusions is that these online services are of the greatest importance for a destination to be truly Muslim-friendly. We also conclude that such services allow companies to design tailored proposals and promote them through digital channels aimed at Muslim people

Gestión de calidad como estrategia clave de la felicidad en el deporte federado

La relación entre el deporte y la felicidad es un hecho probado en multitud de ocasiones. El ejercicio físico aporta al deportista diversas sensaciones positivas, todas ellas muy relacionadas con el término felicidad. Por tanto, partiendo del hecho de que la práctica deportiva produce felicidad, el objetivo de este estudio es de averiguar qué variables influyen principalmente en la felicidad del deportista y en concreto, del deportista federado. Una de las novedades de este estudio es que los resultados podrían ayudar a los miembros de las juntas directivas de las federaciones a tomar buenas decisiones y poder contribuir en mayor forma a la felicidad del deportista federado. Las principales variables que encontramos en la literatura que influyen positivamente en la felicidad son la calidad percibida y la satisfacción. A su vez encontramos estudios que confirman la influencia de la confianza y las relaciones sociales sobre la felicidad. El estudio empírico se ha realizado a través de datos primarios mediante encuesta sobre una muestra de 601 individuos federados en las distintas federaciones autonómicas de España, concretamente en la modalidad deportiva de kárate. Los resultados obtenidos confirman todas las hipótesis planteadas en este estudio por lo que como indicaba la literatura revisada las cuatro variables analizadas (la calidad percibida, la satisfacción, la confianza y las relaciones sociales) influyen de forma significativa y positivamente en la felicidad.//The relationship between sport and happiness has been proven on many occasions. On this way, physical sport gives sportspeople positive feelings which are all related to the term happiness. So, based on the fact that taking part in sports increases happiness, the main objective of this study is therefore to determine which variables have the greatest influence on sportspeople’s happiness, focusing specifically on federation members. One of the new developments in this study is that the results may help members of the Governing Boards of these federations to take better decisions and contribute more to the happiness of sportspeople who are federation members. The principal variables mentioned in the literature as having a positive influence on happiness are perceived quality and satisfaction. We have also found studies that confirm the influence of both trust and social relationships on happiness. The empirical research has used primary data from a survey of 601 members of the Spanish regional federations, specifically in the sport modality of karate. Our results confirm all the hypotheses advances in this study. Thus, as indicated by the literature reviewed, the four variables studied (perceived quality and satisfaction, trust and social relationships) all exert significant positive influence on levels of happiness

Happiness perception in Spain, a SEM approach to evidence from the sociological research center

In the current study, we examined the relationship between perceived person happiness and factors that influence this perception, also, is inferred that life satisfaction is influence byhappiness. Among 2494 Spaniards individuals of both sexes, we found that these individuals valued political situation, economic situation and socio-demographic characteristics to have a strong association in that order, with happiness and that this last construct is a fundamental factor to life satisfaction. The importance of perception is validated using a structural equation model that evaluates relationships and validity on the constructs in question.Collinearity statistics, average variance extracted, and an estimated partial least square regression model are evaluated to confirm independent meaning, correct construct measureand endogenous variable explanation by the predictive constructs. Results indicate that the level of happiness in Spaniards is most influenced by political perception. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed, and it is proposed to continue this study in a non-developed country

Control de la intensidad en los entrenamientos de fuerza por medio de la percepción subjetiva de esfuerzo

El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer relaciones entre la percepción subjetiva de esfuerzo (RPE), el peso movilizado y las modificaciones de la potencia mecánica (PM) producida en series hasta el agotamiento utilizando diferentes porcentajes de la 1 MR. 11 varones de 22,1±1,0 años, 81,5±10,3 Kg. y 179,6±6,6 cm., fueron evaluados en 8 ocasiones con 48 horas de pausa entre cada sesión. En la primera sesión, se realizó el test de 1 MR en press de banca y en las 7 restantes se valoró la máxima cantidad de repeticiones posibles de realizar utilizando pesos asociados con los siguientes intervalos de la 1 MR: 30- 40%, >40-50%, >50-60%, >60%-70%, >70-80%, >80-90% y >90%. La PM producida en la fase concéntrica de cada repetición se calculó por medio de un transductor de velocidad. La RPE se determinó por medio de la escala OMNI-RES (0-10), indicando un valor numérico al final de cada repetición. Los resultados mostraron que la RPE se relacionaba tanto con la magnitud del peso como con las variaciones de la PM producida a lo largo de las series con pesos submáximos, observándose diferencias significativas entre la RPE inicial y la RPE promedio de las primeras 3 repeticiones respecto a la RPE asociada a una caída >10% o del 20% de la PM máxima medida en cada serie. Estas relaciones indican que determinando los valores de RPE al inicio o en diferentes momentos de las series, es posible controlar la intensidad y delimitar las zonas de entrenamiento de fuerza. The purpose of this study was determine the possible relationship between the rate of perceived exertion (RPE), the load and the power variability along the sets doing until the muscular failure with different percentage of the 1 RM. 11 male 22.1±1.0 yr, 81.5±10.3 kg and 179.6±6.6 cm, realized 8 test of bench press in different occasion in with 48 hours rest in between. In the first session the subject realized the 1 RM test and in the other seven session they were evaluated in one st to failure with a load associated with 30-40%; >40-50%, >50-60%, >60%-70%, >70-80%, >80-90% y >90% de la 1RM. The PM produced in each repetition of the set was measured with a velocity transducer and the RPE was measured at the end of each repetition were the subject must to indicate the value according to the OMNI-RES (0-10) scale. The results show a relationship between RPE with the load and the variability of the PM measured during the set to failure. We determine significant difference between the initial and the average RPE with the RPE produced were a 10% or 20% reduce in the PM was detected along the set. This relationship show that taken the RPE at the beginning and at different moment along the resistance exercise set it is possible control the intensity as well as the strength training zone