THz and mid IR Fourier Transform Spectroscopy on Polyethylene irradiated with gamma Co60 radiation

THz and mid IR spectroscopy of high molecular PE HMW and ultra high molecular PE UHMW reveals modifications of the molecular structure induced by amp; 947; Co60 radiation. UHMW PE and HMW PE can be distinguished. The integral absorption in the B1u THz region can quantitatively describe the amorphization of crystallinity. The formation of trans vinylene unsaturations and the decay of vinyl can be followed by mid IR spectroscop

Fourier Spektroskopische Untersuchungen im Mittleren und Fernen Infrarotbereich an Co 60 bestrahlten und thermisch belasteten ultrahochmolekularen Polyethylen Proben

Fourier Spektroskopische Untersuchungen von hochmolekularem Polyethylen HMW PE und ultrahochmolekularem Polyethylen UHMW PE im Mittleren und Fernen Infrarotbereich können Veränderungen der molekularen Strukturen nachweisen, die durch Co60 amp; 947; Strahlung und Rekristallisationsprozesse initiiert werden. UHMW PE und HMW PE sind im gewählten IR Bereich unterscheidbar. Die integrale Absorption der B1u Gitterschwingungen im Fernen Infrarotbereich THz Bereich ermöglichen die quantitative Beschreibung des Kristallinitätsgrades und dessen Abbau. Die Bildung ungesättigter Vinylengruppen und der Abbau ungesättigter Methylengruppen können im Mittleren Infrarotbereich nachgewiesen werde

Large magneto-Seebeck effect in magnetic tunnel junctions with half-metallic Heusler electrodes

Spin caloritronics studies the interplay between charge-, heat- and spin-currents, which are initiated by temperature gradients in magnetic nanostructures. A plethora of new phenomena has been discovered that promises, e.g., to make wasted heat in electronic devices useable or to provide new read-out mechanisms for information. However, only few materials have been studied so far with Seebeck voltages of only some {\mu}V, which hampers applications. Here, we demonstrate that half-metallic Heusler compounds are hot candidates for enhancing spin-dependent thermoelectric effects. This becomes evident when considering the asymmetry of the spin-split density of electronic states around the Fermi level that determines the spin-dependent thermoelectric transport in magnetic tunnel junctions. We identify Co$_2$FeAl and Co$_2$FeSi Heusler compounds as ideal due to their energy gaps in the minority density of states, and demonstrate devices with substantially larger Seebeck voltages and tunnel magneto-Seebeck effect ratios than the commonly used Co-Fe-B based junctions.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure

On/off switching of bit readout in bias-enhanced tunnel magneto-Seebeck effect

Böhnke A, Milnikel M, von der Ehe M, et al. On/off switching of bit readout in bias-enhanced tunnel magneto-Seebeck effect. Scientific Reports. 2015;5(1): 8945.Thermoelectric effects in magnetic tunnel junctions are promising to serve as the basis for logic devices or memories in a ”green” information technology. However, up to now the readout contrast achieved with Seebeck effects was magnitudes smaller compared to the well-established tunnel magnetoresistance effect. Here, we resolve this problem by demonstrating that the tunnel magneto-Seebeck effect (TMS) in CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB tunnel junctions can be switched on to a logic “1” state and off to “0” by simply changing the magnetic state of the CoFeB electrodes. This new functionality is achieved by combining a thermal gradient and an electric field. Our results show that the signal crosses zero and can be adjusted by tuning a bias voltage that is applied between the electrodes of the junction; hence, the name of the effect is bias-enhanced tunnel magneto-Seebeck effect (bTMS). Via the spin- and energy-dependent transmission of electrons in the junction, the bTMS effect can be configured using the bias voltage with much higher control than the tunnel magnetoresistance and even completely suppressed for only one magnetic configuration. Moreover, our measurements are a step towards the experimental realization of high TMS ratios without additional bias voltage, which are predicted for specific Co-Fe compositions

Analysis Using Size Exclusion Chromatography of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) using Methanol as an Eluent

YesSize Exclusion Chromatography is traditionally carried out in either aqueous or non-polar solvents. A system to present molar mass distributions of polymers using methanol as a mobile phase is presented. This is shown to be a suitable system for determining the molar mass distributions poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)s (PNIPAM); a polymer class that is often difficult to analyze by size exclusion chromatography. DOSY NMR was used to provide intrinsic viscosity data that was used in conjunction with a viscometric detector to provide absolute calibration. Then the utility of the system was shown by providing the absolute molar mass distributions of dispersed highly branched PNIPAM with biologically functional end groups.Wellcome Trus

Sede náutica del Real Club Mediterráneo en Málaga [Hojas Resumen]

Sede náutica del real club mediterráneo en Málag

Sede náutica del Real Club Mediterráneo en Málaga [Hojas Resumen]

Sede náutica del real club mediterráneo en Málag

Centro de investigación biotecnológica. Campus Universidad de Alcalá [Hojas Resumen]

Centro de investigación biotecnológica. Campus Universidad de Alcal

Frauenquoten in Gewerkschaften

Rechtliche Fragen zu Quotenregelungen in Gewerkschaften werden meist als »Annex« öffentlich-rechtlicher Diskussionen um Frauenquoten verstanden. Hinsichtlich der Situation in den Gewerkschaften stellen sich aber besondere rechtliche Fragen. Die privatautonome Grundstruktur des Vereins- und Koalitionsrechts und die Garantie der individuellen Koalitionsfreiheit ermöglichen den Gewerkschaften zwar große Freiheit in der satzungsmäßigen Ausgestaltung ihres Organisationsrechts. Sie verpflichten die Gewerkschaft aber auch auf ein Prinzip der Entfaltung des Individuums in »seiner« Gewerkschaft. Quotenregelungen dürfen diese Rechte des einzelnen Mitglieds nicht treuwidrig schmälern. Das AGG verlangt außerdem die Wahrung der Verhältnismäßigkeit der Quotenregelungen. Schließlich gebietet die Tarifautonomie als kollektive Privatautonomie eine möglichst ungebrochene Legitimationskette zwischen Gewerkschaftsmitglied und Tarifvertragsnorm – ein Prinzip, zu dem Quotenregelungen als Instrument der Manipulation innerverbandlicher Willensbildung im Widerspruch stehen können

Centro de investigación biotecnológica. Campus Universidad de Alcalá [Hojas Resumen]

Centro de investigación biotecnológica. Campus Universidad de Alcal