Cardiometabolic health in offspring of women with PCOS compared to healthy controls: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Women diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) suffer from an unfavorable cardiometabolic risk profile, which is already established by child-bearing age. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE: The aim of this systematic review along with an individual participant data meta-analysis is to eva

A Novel Mitragynine Analog with Low-Efficacy Mu Opioid Receptor Agonism Displays Antinociception with Attenuated Adverse Effects

Mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine (7OH) are the major alkaloids mediating the biological actions of the psychoactive plant kratom. To investigate the structure-activity relationships of mitragynine/7OH templates, we diversified the aromatic ring of the indole at the C9, C10, and C12 positions and investigated their G-protein and arrestin signaling mediated by mu opioid receptors (MOR). Three synthesized lead C9 analogs replacing the 9-OCH3group with phenyl (4), methyl (5), or 3′-furanyl [6(SC13)] substituents demonstrated partial agonism with a lower efficacy than DAMGO or morphine in heterologous G-protein assays and synaptic physiology. In assays limiting MOR reserve, the G-protein efficacy of all three was comparable to buprenorphine.6(SC13) showed MOR-dependent analgesia with potency similar to morphine without respiratory depression, hyperlocomotion, constipation, or place conditioning in mice. These results suggest the possibility of activating MOR minimally (G-proteinEmax≈ 10%) in cell lines while yet attaining maximal antinociceptionin vivowith reduced opioid liabilities

Verslag fabrieksschema ter bereiding van allylalcohol, als tussenproduct voor de glycerol synthese

Document(en) uit de collectie Chemische ProcestechnologieDelftChemTechApplied Science

Alginate submicron beads prepared through w/o emulsification and gelation with CaCl2 nanoparticles

A simple method for preparing gelled alginate beads with a diameter smaller than 5 µm is described. A 1% alginate solution and a medium chain triglyceride (MCT) oil are used to prepare a water-in-oil (w/o) emulsion, stabilized by polyglycerol polyricinoleate. CaCl2 nanoparticles with dimensions in the nano-range (6–400 nm), dispersed in MCT oil, are then added to the emulsion. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) show that these nanoparticles migrate to the emulsion droplet interface, where they dissolve into the aqueous alginate phase and cause gelation, forming beads. Gelation of the beads was confirmed with a novel technique using Congo red as an indicator. A color change occurs upon the addition of CaCl2 to a Congo red solution and we believe this is due to formation of a Congo red–calcium complex. Scanning electron microscopy shows that alginate beads are mostly in a size range around 1 µm, but beads as small as 200 nm and smaller were also found. Extending the size range of alginate beads into the submicron range, while maintaining relatively mild pH conditions in the interior of the bead, will significantly extend the range of applications for this type of beads

Preparation methods of alginate nanoparticles

This article reviews available methods for the formation of alginate nano-aggregates, nanocapsules and nanospheres. Primarily, alginate nanoparticles are being prepared by two methods. In the “complexation method”, complex formation on the interface of an oil droplet is used to form alginate nanocapsules, and complex formation in an aqueous solution is used to form alginate nano-aggregates. In a second method w/o emulsification coupled with gelation of the alginate emulsion droplet can be used to formalginate nanospheres. We review advantages and disadvantages of these methods, and give an overview of the properties of the alginate particles produced with these methods