21 research outputs found
A problemática da adesão na prevenção da anemia ferropriva e suplementação com sais de ferro no município de Viçosa (MG)
A century of trends in adult human height
Abstract Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings.
We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6
million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200
countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean
women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3–
19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan
African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100
years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights
surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8–
144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century
ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite
substantial changes in the ranking of countries
Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development
AbstractOptimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.</jats:p