Análisis estadístico multivariante por Comunidades Autónomas.

RESUMEN:Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar las 19 Comunidades Autónomas que formas nuestro país, a través de unas variables escogidas, con el fin de presentar similitudes y diferencias entre las zonas. Aplicaremos diferentes técnicas de análisis de datos multivariante como el análisis factorial, análisis cluster y análisis de la varianza. Con ello extraeremos una serie de conclusiones donde detectaremos debilidades y fortalezas de cada comunidad, y propondremos posibles políticas económicas a aplicar en cada caso para revertir los problemas o por el contrario potenciar las virtudes.Grado en Economí

Distritos térmicos urbanos e industriales. Sector emergente de servicios profesionales

La búsqueda del uso racional y eficiente de la energía, considerándose ésta como el empleo óptimo de la energía en cada uno de los eslabones de la cadena energética, ha propiciado la aparición del concepto de Distrito Térmico (Distric Heating), donde la integración de fuentes de calor en una zona geográfica determinada posibilita que el conjunto produzca unos niveles significativamente inferiores de emisiones con efecto invernadero y otros gases, en comparación con la generación de calor de forma individual [1]. es más fácil asegurar que los objetivos de emisiones se cumplen con unos pocos de productores grandes que con muchos productores pequeños. esto es debido a que las propias centrales de los Distritos Térmicos posibilitan el aprovechamiento de las economías de escala, el uso de equipos industriales y una mejor tecnología para la mejora de la eficiencia y control de la contaminación

Lenguaje fotográfico y formación en educación primaria

La presente tesis nace de un proyecto de investigación donde se llevan a cabo en dos etnografías escolares, donde se identificaron las posibilidades que de la narración de historias audiovisuales como un uso creativo del lenguaje que permiten el conocimiento mutuo del alumnado. La imagen cobra un papel fundamental como vehículo de transmisión de ideas, pensamientos, sentimientos, etc. del alumnado de Educación primaria de los dos centros educativos donde se llevó a cabo la investigación, caracterizados por un alto índice de alumnado inmigrante. Desde este marco, se plantea la tesis doctoral cuyas pretensiones se centran en identificar cómo los niños y las niñas con los que trabajamos hacen uso del lenguaje fotográfico de una forma natural. Hemos de apuntar que en todo el proceso de trabajo llevado a cabo durante tres curso escolares, no se dotó al alumnado de ningún conocimiento o formación acerca del lenguaje audiovisual. De esta forma en el presente trabajo se van descubriendo los aciertos y las limitaciones que se presentan en las narraciones con las imágenes, de donde hemos extraído las 908 fotografías que componen nuestro estudio. Para ello, en un primer momento se estudia e identifica cómo han sido utilizados los diferentes elementos del lenguaje fotográfico en las imágenes seleccionadas. Por otro lado, estudiamos qué contenidos aparecen en sus representaciones, así como los motivos y discursos que les dan sentido y justifican su elección; discursos recogidos en las grabaciones de vídeo que fueron registradas semanalmente. Con todos estos datos, revela cómo los niños y niñas de Educación Primaria hablan, se expresan con la imagen y, como hemos dicho, estamos en disposición de identificar las carencias que impiden una comunicación efectiva con este lenguaje. Por lo tanto, se presenta un análisis exhaustivo del uso que los niños y niñas de Primaria realizan de los distintos elementos compositivos de la fotografía, que serán de gran valor para programas de formación y alfabetización en escuelas de esta etapa educativa.MadridES

Design of a sustainable, intelligent and interconnected food container following Cradle to the Cradle principles and using Life Cycle Analysis for the evaluation of environmental impacts = Diseño de un envase para alimentos sostenible, inteligente e interconectado siguiendo los principios de la cuna a la cuna y utilizando el Análisis del Ciclo de Vida para la evaluación de impactos ambientales

The main objective of this work is to help combat food losses in the production chain, which is one of the main problems of the food industry today, incorporating also sustainability concepts. According to the FDA each year about 1,300 million tons of food are thrown. Food is wasted mainly at household levels, which is why the choice of the sustainable design of an intelligent interconnected packaging for domestic use is made. To achieve this, the exploration of different technologies, materials, methodologies and innovative frameworks is carried out. Regarding materials, the possibility of using biodegradable, recycled, recyclable and bioplastics was studied, along with the research of the intelligent technology to use, which ended up being sensors. As to methodologies, Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) and Cradle to Cradle philosophy (C2C) are studied. Intelligent packaging systems are an option to contribute to minimization of food waste. The correct use of tools such as the LCA, along with the principles of the C2C, and the research on materials and technologies to be used can help designers to reach an optimal solution, minimizing environmental impact

Accurate computation of the Moore-Penrose inverse of strictly totally positive matrices

The computation of the Moore-Penrose inverse of structured strictly totally positive matrices is addressed. Since these matrices are usually very ill-conditioned, standard algorithms fail to provide accurate results. An algorithm based on the factorization and which takes advantage of the special structure and the totally positive character of these matrices is presented. The first stage of the algorithm consists of the accurate computation of the bidiagonal decomposition of the matrix. Numerical experiments illustrating the good behavior of our approach are included.Numerical experiments illustrating the good behavior of our approach are included

State of the Industry 4.0 in the Andalusian food sector

The food industry is a key issue in the economic structure of Andalusia, due to both the weight and position of this industry in the economy and its advantages and potentials. The term Industry 4.0 carries many meanings. It seeks to describe the intelligent factory, with all the processes interconnected by Internet of things (IOT). Early advances in this field have involved the incorporation of greater flexibility and individualization of the manufacturing processes. The implementation of the framework proposed by Industry 4.0. is a need for the industry in general, and for Andalusian food industry in particular, and should be seen as a great opportunity of progress for the sector. It is expected that, along with others, the food and beverage industry will be pioneer in the adoption of flexible and individualized manufacturing processes. This work constitutes the state of the art, through bibliographic review, of the application of the proposed paradigm by the Industry 4.0. to the food industry.Telefónica, through the “Cátedra de Telefónica Inteligencia en la Red”Paloma Luna Garrid

ADAPTS: An Intelligent Sustainable Conceptual Framework for Engineering Projects

This paper presents a conceptual framework for the optimization of environmental sustainability in engineering projects, both for products and industrial facilities or processes. The main objective of this work is to propose a conceptual framework to help researchers to approach optimization under the criteria of sustainability of engineering projects, making use of current Machine Learning techniques. For the development of this conceptual framework, a bibliographic search has been carried out on the Web of Science. From the selected documents and through a hermeneutic procedure the texts have been analyzed and the conceptual framework has been carried out. A graphic representation pyramid shape is shown to clearly define the variables of the proposed conceptual framework and their relationships. The conceptual framework consists of 5 dimensions; its acronym is ADAPTS. In the base are: (1) the Application to which it is intended, (2) the available DAta, (3) the APproach under which it is operated, and (4) the machine learning Tool used. At the top of the pyramid, (5) the necessary Sensing. A study case is proposed to show its applicability. This work is part of a broader line of research, in terms of optimization under sustainability criteria.Telefónica Chair “Intelligence in Networks” of the University of Seville (Spain

Public oversight systems for statutory auditors in the European Union

We provide a comparative overview of the process of implementation, harmonization and stabilization of public oversight systems for statutory auditors across the European Union (EU) after Directive 2006/43/EC. We build on institutional change theory to identify potential determinants as to why some countries still lag in this harmonization process. Oversight systems are a key institutional factor to guarantee the quality of financial information, essential to maintain investors’ confidence and deep and stable capital markets. Thus, the harmonization of these systems has long been an objective of the EU. Our analyses serve to identify, analyse and compare how EU countries have incorporated European-wide requirements into their national legal systems. Particularly, we study: (1) basic characteristics of the system and bodies for public oversight, (2) organizational structure, (3) financing (4) transparency, (5) supervisory, and (6) disciplinary mechanisms. We show that significant diversity still exists across systems and that both the incentives for institutional change and the distance between pre-existing systems and the Directive are important explanatory factors of the achieved level of harmonization.We acknowledge financial contribution from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (ECO2010-19314 and ECO2013-48328), the ICAC (Instituto de Contabilidad y Auditoría de Cuentas) and ASEPUC, through the XVIII Fernandez Pirla Research Funding

Equality in eduaction: an analysis of its evolution in the laws of the spanish educational system and a brief research

RESUMEN En las últimas décadas la búsqueda de la igualdad efectiva entre mujeres y hombres es un hecho. En educación concretamente se viene investigando si dicha igualdad convive en la realidad de los centros educativos o sigue siendo un aspecto por mejorar. Este trabajo propone un marco teórico sobre la igualdad de género, la ley de igualdad establecida por el Estado y una evolución de las leyes educativas españolas más importantes desde 1970 hasta la actualidad (buscando en ellas resquicios que muestren la búsqueda de la igualdad). Adicionalmente, la investigación se ha centrado en saber tres aspectos fundamentales del profesorado en materia de igualdad: conocimientos de políticas de igualdad que tienen, su opinión sobre la igualdad de género y sus hábitos docentes en la búsqueda de la igualdad de géneros. Para el estudio se ha realizado una encuesta a 31 docentes de las etapas de Infantil y Primaria.ABSTRACT In last decades, searching for effective equality between women and men is a fact. Specifically, in education it is being investigated if equality coexists in the reality of educative centres or it still being a fundamental aspect to improve. This project proposes a theoretical framework on gender equality, the law of equality established by the State and an evolution of the most important Spanish educational laws from 1979 to the present (looking for remains in them that show the search for equality). Additionally, the research has focused on knowing three fundamental aspects of teachers in terms of equality: knowledge of equality policies that they have, their opinion on gender equality and their teaching habits in the search for gender equality. For the study, a survey was taken to 31 teachers of Pre-school and Primary Education.Grado en Magisterio en Educación Infanti

Aspects of sustainability and design engineering for the production of interconnected smart food packaging

In the present work, the problem of food wastage and the concept of sustainability are studied. An analysis of Life Cycle Assessment as a tool and of the innovative concept of Cradle to Cradle is also carried out, together with an exhaustive comparison of these two approaches. Based on these concepts, an integrated methodology is proposed for the design of interconnected smart products. The smart packaging systems currently available are studied theoretically and a practical case is analysed using the proposed methodology through the design and Life Cycle Assessment of a smart interconnected container that is able to detect the ethylene emitted by climacteric fruit, thereby minimizing food wastage. For the case under study, a major impact is observed of the selected plastics in the resources category, and of the smart system in the human health category