Prevalence of Periodontal Bone Loss in Brazilian Adolescents through Interproximal Radiography

Purpose. The aim of this study was to verify the prevalence of alveolar bone loss in Brazilian adolescents through the interproximal X-rays analysis. Methods. Bilateral and standardized interproximal (bitewing) X-rays were performed in 15-year-old adolescents (), and the processing of films and measurements of alveolar bone levels were accomplished by a single examiner. A distance between the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and the alveolar bone crest more than 2 mm was considered as periodontal bone loss. Results. The results showed percentage of bone loss of 10.4% with predominance of horizontal defects (8.9%) over the vertical types (1.5%). It was verified higher individual distribution of one lesion (67.6%) than two (26.5%) or three lesions (5.6%), and higher occurrence was detected in men (14.95) than in women (8.21). Conclusion. It can be concluded that the interproximal radiography was an efficient method for the detection of alveolar bone loss, revealing low prevalence in adolescents and predominance of horizontal bone defects

Histopathological Features of Dental Pulp in Teeth with Different Levels of Chronic Periodontitis Severity

Purpose. To evaluate the histopathological condition of the pulp in teeth with different levels of chronic periodontitis in humans. Methods. Twenty-five single-root nondecayed teeth were divided into three groups as follows: group 1, clinical attachment level (CAL) 3 to 4 mm and alveolar bone loss (BL) from 4 to 6 mm without reaching the tooth apex; group 2, CAL ≥ 5 mm and BL > 6 mm without reaching the tooth apex; group 3, CAL ≥ 5 mm and BL > 6 mm up to the tooth apex. Histological analyses were accomplished after laboratorial processing. Results. The mean of CAL was 3.2 ± 0.7 mm in group 1, 7.6 ± 2.0 mm in group 2, and 12.1 ± 2.8 mm in group 3, while for BL it was 4.8 ± 0.9 mm, 7.6 ± 2.2 mm, and 11.9 ± 2.1 mm, respectively. Histopathological data in the pulpal chambers were similar among the three groups showing normal aspects, and, the radicular pulps showed variable levels of reactive dentin, fibrosis, dystrophic mineralizations, atrophy, and mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate. Conclusions. Gradual progression of the chronic periodontitis led to changes in the histopathological aspects of the radicular pulp with progressive involvement

IRRIGACIÓN SUBGINGIVAL COM CLORHEXIDINA EN TERAPIA PERIODONTAL NO QUIRÚRGICA

El objetivo del siguiente estudio es evaluar los efectos clínicos de la irrigación profesional subgingival conClorhexidina como terapia adjunta a los procedimientos de raspado y alisado radicular. Este estudio fuedesarrollado en 17 pacientes con cuatro bolsas periodontales de 6 mm o más de profundidad, lospacientes fueron divididos en cuatro grupos: solo raspado y alisado radicular; raspaje y alisado radicularmás irrigación con solución salina; raspado y alisado radicular más irrigación con 0.12% e irrigaciónprevia con 0.12% seguida de raspado y alisado radicular. Los parámetros clínicos evaluados fueron Índicede Placa, Índice Gingival, Profundidad Clínica al Sondaje, Nivel de Inserción, Sangramiento y Supuracióndespués del sondaje del fondo de la bolsa. El análisis fue realizado al inicio del estudio y 60 días despuésde los procedimientos clínicos. Los resultados muestran mejora en todos los parámetros de todos losgrupos experimentales, estadísticamente fueron similares, con excepción del Sangramiento al Sondajedel fondo de la bolsa que mostró mejores resultados en los grupos irrigados en relación al grupo que fuesolo instrumentado mecánicamente. Por tanto, se puede concluir que la irrigación como un adjunto, yasea con Clorhexidina o solución salina, brinda mejor reparo en los procedimientos de la terapiaperiodontal no quirúrgica.Palabras clave: clorhexidina, terapia periodontal, control químico de la placa.ABSTRACTThe present study had as objective to evaluate the clinical effect of professional subgingival irrigationwith chlorhexidine as adjunct to scaling and root planning procedures. The study was developed in 17patients with 5 periodontal pockets 6 or more millimeters depth and similar, which were divided in 4groups: only subgingival scaling and root planning, scaling and root planning plus subsequent irrigationwith saline, scaling and root planning and subsequent irrigation with chlorhexidine 0.12% and irrigationwith chlorhexidine 0.12% previous to scaling and root planning. The clinical parameters evaluated werePlaque Index, Gingival Index, Probing Depth, Level of Attachment, Bleeding and Suppuration uponprobing of the bottom of the pocket. The analysis was done at the beginning of the study and 60 daysafter the clinical procedures. The results demonstrate improvement in all parameters of all experimentalgroups, statistically similar, with exception of Bleeding on Probing of the bottom of the pocket thatshowed better results to the irrigated groups in relation to the group that was only mechanicallyinstrumented. Thus, it was concluded that irrigation as an adjunct, either with chlorhexidine or with salinesolution, provides better repair of non-surgical periodontal therapy procedures.Key words: chlorhexidine, periodontal therapy, chemical plaque control

Prevalence and Reasons for Tooth Loss in a Sample from a Dental Clinic in Brazil

Purpose. To evaluate the prevalence and reasons for teeth extractions in a sample from a dental clinic in Brazil. Methods. The prevalence of teeth mortality was analyzed by gender, age, tooth type and reasons for extraction on 800 teeth of 439 subjects, whose data was collected in clinical records in a convenience sample. Results. The groups with range from 35 to 44 years, 45 to 54 years and 55 to 64 years revealed significantly greater number of teeth extractions than other age groups (P<0.0001). The anterior teeth loss increased significantly with aging, while the tooth mortality of premolar and molar were higher in younger people. The caries was the more prevalent reason for tooth mortality among young and adults up to 44 years old, while the periodontal disease was the main reason for extractions from 45 years old until range of 81 years (P<0.0001). Conclusions. It can be suggested that some reasons for tooth loss were age-dependent, but the caries and the periodontal diseases were the main reasons for tooth mortality in this Brazilian sample

Biometric analysis of the maxillary permanent molar teeth and its relation to furcation involvement.

A high rate of root exposure and consequently the exposure of the furcation area is usually observed in multirooted teeth. In maxillary molar teeth, this fact may endanger the three existent furcations (buccal, mesial and distal), causing serious problems. In this research, distance measures from the buccal furcation to the mesial (F1M) and distal (F1D) surfaces of the mesio-buccal and disto-buccal roots; from the mesial furcation to the buccal (F2B) and palatal (F2P) surfaces of the mesio-buccal and palatal roots and from the distal furcation to the buccal (F3B) and palatal (F3P) surfaces of the disto-buccal and palatal roots, respectively were established. One hundred maxillary first molar teeth were used, 50 of the right and 50 of the left side. Reference marks and demarcations were determined on the furcations and also on the root surfaces involved in the measures. We concluded that these measurements are important because they may effectivelly contribute to diagnosis, prevention and treatment of periodontal problems

Relationship between gingival clinical parameters and the reactivity of the BANA test in subgingival samples from children.

Gingivitis is the first manifestation of periodontal disease, and is characterized by painless and slow evolution. Early diagnosis and intervention must be done to avoid the possibility of precocious periodontitis during the childhood or teenage years. The enzymatic BANA test (N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-naphthylamide) was used to evaluate subgingival samples from 54 children between 6 and 9 years of age. Plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) were assessed according to the criteria recommended by Löe (1967). Subgingival plaque was collected from the region that featured the greatest periodontal alteration, represented by a higher gingival index. Resulting data were grouped individually according to visible and non-visible plaque and bleeding and non-bleeding gingiva. Results showed that there was no statistically significant correlation between the presence of visible plaque and the positivity of the BANA test, nor was there a statistically significant correlation between the presence of bleeding and the positivity of the BANA test in subgingival samples obtained from children. This study concluded that the BANA test is not an ideal diagnostic test to be applied to children

Root trunk height as a risk factor for periodontal furcation involvement in maxillary first molars: an in vitro study.

The aim of this study was to correlate the root trunk height from the furcation openings on the buccal, mesial and distal surfaces to the cemento-enamel junction in upper first permanent molars in human beings with risk for periodontal disease progression. One hundred extracted maxillary first molars were used. Reference points and demarcations were determined from the entrance of the buccal (F1), mesial (F2) and distal (F3) furcations to the cemento-enamel junction in millimeters. The mean distances found were 3.50 mm, 4.44 mm and 4.26 mm for the buccal, mesial and distal furcations, respectively, in relation to the cemento-enamel junction. The statistical analyses were Student's t-test and Chi-square (X2). With periodontal disease progression, the buccal furcation presents a greater compromising risk due to its proximity to the cemento-enamel junction, while the mesial furcation is the most distant, comprising a lesser risk

INFLUENCIA DE LA ENFERMEDAD PERIODONTAL SOBRE LAS CÉLULAS SANGUÍNEAS Y LOS NIVELES DE PROTEÍNA C REACTIVA

La Periodontitis es una enfermedad inflamatoria cr&oacute;nica que est&aacute; relacionada con algunas alteraciones sist&eacute;micas. La gravedad de la inflamaci&oacute;n de los tejidos periodontales ha sido asociada a una inflamaci&oacute;n sist&eacute;mica considerada de bajo grado y, algunos estudios han sugerido que hay un aumento en los niveles de prote&iacute;na C-reactiva y en el n&uacute;mero de leucocitos de la sangre en pacientes periodontalmente comprometidos. Las c&eacute;lulas de la serie roja de la sangre tambi&eacute;n podr&iacute;an verse afectadas por la presencia de periodontitis, influyendo asi en la aparici&oacute;n de anemias. A pesar de eso, a&uacute;n hay controversias en hasta qu&eacute; punto las enfermedades periodontales podr&iacute;an influenciar de forma directa en la aparici&oacute;n de las inflamaciones sist&eacute;micas. De esa forma, el objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar una revisi&oacute;n de literatura para verificar la posible influencia de la enfermedad periodontal sobre las c&eacute;lulas sangu&iacute;neas y los niveles de prote&iacute;na C-reactiva. ABSTRACT Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is related with some systemic alterations. The severity of the inflammation in the periodontal tissues has been associated with a low-grade measurable systemic inflammation, and some studies have suggested an increase in the C-reactive protein levels and in number of white blood cells in patients with periodontal diseases. The red blood cells also could be affected by periodontitis with trends toward anemia. There are still controversies in relation to the direct influence of periodontal diseases in the occurrence of systemic inflammations. Thus, the aim of this study was to accomplish a literature review in order to verify the possible influence of the periodontal disease on blood cells and C-reactive protein levels