Influencia en el alumnado del Trabajo Fin de Grado con datos originales en el Grado en Fisioterapia: estudio cualitativo

La posibilidad de realizar Trabajo de Fin de Grado (TFG) con datos originales de investigación, o con otras metodologías y modalidades, podría tener influencia en la perspectiva del alumno respecto a su visión del Grado de Fisioterapia y su profesión. Se ha diseñado un estudio cualitativo para identificar posibles diferencias en dicha perspectiva en el Grado en Fisioterapia de la Universidad de Córdoba. Los alumnos que han manejado TFG con datos originales manifiestan una gran satisfacción con su TFG y aseguran que les ha modificado su perspectiva, al haber conocido, personalmente, cómo se genera el conocimiento académico y clínico de la Fisioterapia. Los que no han manejado datos originales también se muestran igualmente satisfechos, pero no reconocen cambios en forma de percibir la profesión ni en ámbito académico. Así, la realización de TFGs con datos originales puede tener repercusiones beneficiosas en la perspectiva académica y profesional del alumno en el Grado en Fisioterapia

Is Irritable Bowel Syndrome Considered as Comorbidity in Clinical Trials of Physical Therapy Interventions in Fibromyalgia? A Scoping Review

Evidence supports the presence of comorbid conditions, e.g., irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), in individuals with fibromyalgia (FM). Physical therapy plays an essential role in the treatment of FM; however, it is not currently known whether the IBS comorbidity is considered in the selection criteria for clinical trials evaluating physiotherapy in FM. Thus, the aim of the review was to identify whether the presence of IBS was considered in the selection criteria for study subjects for those clinical trials that have been highly cited or published in the high-impact journals investigating the effects of physical therapy in FM. A literature search in the Web of Science database for clinical trials that were highly cited or published in high-impact journals, i.e., first second quartile (Q1) of any category of the Journal Citation Report (JCR), investigating the effects of physical therapy in FM was conducted. The methodological quality of the selected trials was assessed with the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Authors, affiliations, number of citations, objectives, sex/gender, age, and eligibility criteria of each article were extracted and analyzed independently by two authors. From a total of the 412 identified articles, 20 and 61 clinical trials were included according to the citation criterion or JCR criterion, respectively. The PEDro score ranged from 2 to 8 (mean: 5.9, SD: 0.1). The comorbidity between FM and IBS was not considered within the eligibility criteria of the participants in any of the clinical trials. The improvement of the eligibility criteria is required in clinical trials on physical therapy that include FM patients to avoid selection bias

A Therapeutic Approach Using the Combined Application of Virtual Reality with Robotics for the Treatment of Patients with Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review

Spinal cord injury (SCI) has been associated with high mortality rates. Thanks to the multidisciplinary vision and approach of SCI, including the application of new technologies in the field of neurorehabilitation, people with SCI can survive and prosper after injury. The main aim of this systematic review was to analyze the effectiveness of the combined use of VR and robotics in the treatment of patients with SCI. The literature search was performed between May and July 2021 in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), PubMed, and Web of Science. The methodological quality of each study was assessed using the SCIRE system and the PEDro scale, whereas the risk of bias was analyzed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool. A total of six studies, involving 63 participants, were included in this systematic review. Relevant changes were found in the upper limbs, with improvements of shoulder and upper arm mobility, as well as the strengthening of weaker muscles. Combined rehabilitation may be a valuable approach to improve motor function in SCI patients. Nonetheless, further research is necessary, with a larger patient sample and a longer duration

Validity of the Isometric Contraction Test of the Masticatory Muscles for Diagnosis of Muscular Temporomandibular Disorders

In recent years, the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Pain Disorders (DC/TMD) has been questioned, mainly because of the dependence on the muscular pressure needed to be applied during the clinical examination. Therefore, it is necessary to establish improvements in diagnostic strategies for DC/TMD of axis I. The aim of this study was to determine the validity of the Isometric Contraction Test of the masticatory muscles (ICTest) to diagnose DC/TMD of axis I. Forty (n = 40) patients with muscular TMD (myalgia in any of its subtypes), as well as forty age and sex matched controls, participated. They were diagnosed according to DC/TMD of axis I and performed the ICTest in a single session. Sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV), and positive (LR+) and negative likelihood ratios (LR−) of the ICTest compared with the DC/TMD of axis I were calculated. The ICTest showed a specificity of 95% for the diagnosis of myalgia, and between 94.9% and 96.8% for all subtypes in relation to the DC/TMD of axis I. For sensitivity, lower values were obtained, that is, 90.0% for myalgia, and losing sensitivity depending on the type of myalgia. The LR+ was over 10 for all diagnoses, with the exception of myofascial pain with referral, which was lower. When addressing the LR−, the myofascial diagnosis was the only one below 0.2. According to the results, the ICTest could be considered a valid procedure to diagnose subjects with muscular TMD in a clinical setting

Paravertebral Muscle Mechanical Properties and Spinal Range of Motion in Patients with Acute Neck or Low Back Pain: A Case-Control Study

Our aims were to identify potential differences in muscle mechanical properties (MMPs) of cervical and lumbar tissues and in spinal range of motion (ROM) between patients with acute low back pain (LBP) or acute neck pain (NP) and healthy controls, and to identify if ROMs and MMPs are able to identify subjects among the three groups. Clinical variables (pain, disability, fear of movement, kinesiophobia, quality of life), MMPs and ROMs were obtained in 33 subjects with acute LBP, 33 with acute NP, and 33 healthy control subjects. Between-groups differences and explanatory models to discriminate groups depending on MMPs and ROMs were calculated. The results showed that cervical tone was higher in patients with acute NP than in controls, while cervical decrement was higher in both spinal pain groups. Patients with acute NP showed reduced cervical flexion when compared to acute LBP and control groups, and also cervical rotation, but just against controls. Furthermore, lumbar flexion was reduced in patients with acute LBP when compared to those with acute NP. Cervical decrement was able to discriminate spinal pain individuals from controls in a multinominal regression (R2: Cox–Snell estimation = 0.533; Nagelkerke estimation = 0.600). Lumbar flexion differentiated patients with acute LBP and controls, whereas cervical flexion differentiated patients with acute NP and controls. This study supports a tendency of the affectation of other spinal regions when only one is affected

Influence of Spinal Movements Associated with Physical Evaluation on Muscle Mechanical Properties of the Lumbar Paraspinal in Subjects with Acute Low Back Pain

This research aimed to identify changes in muscle mechanical properties (MMPs) when a standardized sequence of movements is performed and to determine the influence of acute low back pain (LBP) and age on the MMPs. Socio-demographic, clinical variables and MMPs were collected in 33 patients with LBP and 33 healthy controls. A 2 × 2 × 2 (group × age × time) analysis of variance (ANOVA) mixed model was used to determine the effect of the study factors on the different MMPs. There were no significant triple interactions. After the movements, tone and stiffness increased 0.37 Hz and 22.75 N/m, respectively, in subjects <35 years, independent of their clinical status. Relaxation showed differences by age in healthy subjects and creep in LBP subjects. Furthermore, elasticity was higher in <35 years (p < 0.001) without the influence of any other factor. In conclusion, sequenced movements can modify tone and stiffness as a function of age, while age-associated changes in viscoelastic characteristics depends on pain but not on movements. The MMPs should be assessed, not only at the beginning of the physical examination at rest, but also along the patient’s follow-up, depending on their pain and age, in a clinical setting

Test-retest reliability of the isometric contraction test (IC test) of the masticatory muscles in subjects with and without temporomandibular muscle disorders

Recently, the DC/TMD has become an essential tool for the diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). However, as they fail to include functional activities, new assessment proposals have emerged, such as the isometric contraction test (IC test) of the masticatory muscles, which uses muscle contractions to identify muscular TMD. Objective: This study aimed to determine the test-retest reliability of the IC test. Methods: A total of 64 participants (40 women and 24 men) completed the IC test administered by two different physical therapists on two non-consecutive days. Cohen’s kappa (k), PABAK, and percent agreement (PA) between days were estimated. Results: The IC test showed good to excellent test-retest reliability values (k&gt;0.77; PABAK&gt;0.90), both globally and individually for the muscles evaluated, and PA&gt;90%, therefore above the thresholds for clinical applicability. However, the global assessment of myofascial pain and the evaluation of the medial pterygoid muscle showed slightly lower reliability values. Conclusion: The IC test is reliable for the assessment of subjects with muscular TMD, both in terms of the global assessment and the evaluation of each muscle, which supports its clinical applicability. Care should be taken when assessing myofascial pain globally and when evaluating the medial pterygoid in all types of pain

Concurrent Validity and Reliability of an Inertial Measurement Unit for the Assessment of Craniocervical Range of Motion in Subjects with Cerebral Palsy

Objective: This study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) for the assessment of craniocervical range of motion (ROM) in patients with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: twenty-three subjects with CP and 23 controls, aged between 4 and 14 years, were evaluated on two occasions, separated by 3 to 5 days. An IMU and a Cervical Range of Motion device (CROM) were used to assess craniocervical ROM in the three spatial planes. Validity was assessed by comparing IMU and CROM data using the Pearson correlation coefficient, the paired t-test and Bland–Altman plots. Intra-day and inter-day relative reliability were determined using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). The Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) and the Minimum Detectable Change at a 90% confidence level (MDC90) were obtained for absolute reliability. Results: High correlations were detected between methods in both groups on the sagittal and frontal planes (r > 0.9), although this was reduced in the case of the transverse plane. Bland–Altman plots indicated bias below 5º, although for the range of cervical rotation in the CP group, this was 8.2º. The distance between the limits of agreement was over 23.5º in both groups, except for the range of flexion-extension in the control group. ICCs were higher than 0.8 for both comparisons and groups, except for inter-day comparisons of rotational range in the CP group. Absolute reliability showed high variability, with most SEM below 8.5º, although with worse inter-day results, mainly in CP subjects, with the MDC90 of rotational range achieving more than 20º. Conclusions: IMU application is highly correlated with CROM for the assessment of craniocervical movement in CP and healthy subjects; however, both methods are not interchangeable. The IMU error of measurement can be considered clinically acceptable; however, caution should be taken when this is used as a reference measure for interventions

Abordagens em saúde mental para crianças no ambiente escolar: um relato de experiência

The school is an environment that can directly interfere in the social production of health, integrating well-being and education, therefore, the Health at School Program (HSP) aims to integrate the school environment and health. However, there is a lack of actions that specifically promote mental health activities. Objective: to report the experience of a group of nurse school students from Federal University of Rondonia (UNIR) in addressing primitive emotions with children from first to fourth year, in the school environment. Results: This experience demonstrated the importance of preventive and mental health-promoting actions through the Health at School Program (HSP). The interdisciplinary approach highlights the need to take care of mental health from childhood, highlighting the importance of education and prevention in this context. Conclusion: Carrying out activities to promote mental health with school-age children requires multidisciplinary integration and allowed reflection on children's mental health and its complexities.A escola é um ambiente que pode interferir diretamente na produção social da saúde, integrando bem-estar e educação, assim, o Programa de Saúde na Escola (PSE) visa a integração entre o ambiente escolar e saúde. Contudo, faltam ações que promovam, de forma específica, atividades em saúde mental. Objetivo: relatar a experiência de um grupo de estudantes de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR) na abordagem das emoções primitivas com crianças do primeiro ao quarto ano do Ensino Fundamental no ambiente escolar. Resultados: essa experiência demonstrou a importância de ações preventivas e as promoções de saúde mental, por meio do PSE. A abordagem interdisciplinar ressalta a necessidade de cuidar da saúde mental desde a infância, destacando a importância da educação e prevenção nesse contexto. Conclusão: realizar atividades de promoção da saúde mental com crianças em idade escolar exige uma integração multiprofissional e permitiu que houvesse a reflexão sobre a saúde mental infantil e suas complexidades

CARACTERIZAÇÃO GEOMORFOLÓGICA/GEOLÓGICA DO MEGALEQUE DO NEGRO, BORDA SUDESTE DA BACIA DO PANTANAL (MS), NO QUATERNÁRIO

É imprescindível compreender a evolução geomorfológica do Megaleque do Negro no Quaternário, tendo em vista à necessidade de contribuir com a preservação, pois estudos que contribuem com as mudanças ambientais na planície pantaneira são incipientes, levando-se em consideração a geomorfologia regional. O Megaleque do Negro está localizado na Bacia do Pantanal (MS), sua origem e evolução iniciou-se através da constituição do lobo antigo, posteriormente ocorreu à construção do lobo pré-atual e com sítio deposicional holocênico denominado lobo atual,se desenvolveu a partir de depósitos distais do megaleque do Taquari. A pesquisa tem como objetivo caracterizar a evolução geomorfológica/geológica do Megaleque do Negro, Borda Sudeste da Bacia do Pantanal (MS), com ênfase no delineamento dos lobos deposicionaise variações ambientais no Quaternário. Quanto à metodologia, utilizaram-se técnicas de interpretação visual de imagens e dados orbitais, assim, a área foi compartimentada em três lobos deposicionais distintos denominados de antigo, pré-atual e atual. Nesse sentido, o avanço nos conhecimentos sobre o Pantanal contribui para a sua preservação enquanto riqueza geológica do povo pantaneiro, sul-mato-grossense e brasileiro