Tratamento da síndrome de Tourette em pacientes pediátricos e novos ensaios clínicos randomizados: uma revisão integrativa

A síndrome de Tourette (ST) é definida como um distúrbio do neurodesenvolvimento em que estão presentes tiques motores simples e vocais ou fônicos, com prevalência de 1% das crianças em idade escolar, sendo mais presente em meninos e com uma proporção de 4:1 entre homens e mulheres. O presente estudo de revisão buscou avaliar novas evidências na abordagem terapêutica da ST na população pediátrica, documentadas por meio de estudos clínicos e randomizados. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de revisão integrativa realizada por meio da base de dados PubMed, que levou em consideração os seguintes critérios de inclusão: ensaios clínicos e testes controlados e randomizados; artigos publicados nos últimos três anos; que possuíam texto completo disponível e que abordassem acerca de novas evidências no tratamento da ST em crianças. Ficou constatado que o Yi-Gan-san (YGS), enquanto fórmula da medicina tradicional chinesa, trouxe redução da intensidade dos tiques fônicos, sendo capaz de atuar em curto período de tempo em crianças e adolescentes com ST. Além disso, verificou-se que a estimulação magnética transcraniana repetitiva (EMTr) promoveu melhora da gravidade dos tiques, sugerindo ser uma técnica terapêutica capaz de intervir de forma segura e fisiologicamente direcionada para o tratamento de tiques de crianças com ST. Por fim, os suplementos compostos de L-teanina e piridoxina promoveram redução da gravidade dos tiques e da ansiedade, sendo evidente o papel que a L-teanina e a vitamina B6 possuem no tratamento de transtornos de tiques como a ST

Abordagem terapêutica da Esquizofrenia e novas evidências: uma revisão integrativa

A esquizofrenia é um importante problema de saúde pública atual, sendo uma das doenças mentais graves de relevante incidência na população mundial. O presente estudo de revisão buscou avaliar novas evidências na abordagem terapêutica da esquizofrenia, documentadas por meio de estudos clínicos e randomizados. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de revisão integrativa realizada por meio da base de dados PubMed, que levou em consideração os seguintes critérios de inclusão: ensaios clínicos e testes controlados e randomizados; artigos publicados no último ano; que possuíam texto completo disponível e que abordassem acerca de novas evidências no manejo da esquizofrenia. Ficou constatado que o brexpiprazol auxiliou na melhora dos níveis de funcionamento em atividades socialmente úteis, relações pessoais e sociais, autocuidado e comportamentos perturbadores e agressivos. Ademais, a roluperidona trouxe melhorias em diferentes índices de sintomas negativos e funcionamento social do paciente, sendo bem tolerada e sem efeitos adversos, o que a torna uma importante aliada para o manejo dos sintomas negativos e funcionamento diário do paciente. Outro ponto constatado é a formulação de palmitato de paliperidona de 6 meses, a qual apresentou eficácia comparável com as formulações de 1 e de 3 meses da mesma medicação, com perfis de segurança semelhantes aos demais, fornecendo regimes de doses mais flexíveis para um manejo efetivo de tais pacientes. Por fim, a blonanserina em adolescentes com esquizofrenia apresentou melhoria de forma significativa nos sintomas psiquiátricos, com eficácia e segurança semelhante ao encontrado em adultos, sendo verificados efeitos mínimos sobre mudança de peso e parâmetros metabólicos analisados

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

Delaying surgery for patients with a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection

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