Síntese de hidróxidos duplos lamelares (HDL) para a adsorção de herbicida e obtenção de HDL a partir do material catódico de baterias exauridas para a aplicação como eletrodo

In this work, the use of Lamellar Double Hydroxides (LDH) as adsorbents of 2,4- Dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D) pesticide in contaminated water was investigated. From the XRDs of the LDH, higher molar ratios of Co2+ and Al3+ metalic cations cause a decrease in the intensity of the diffraction peaks due to the high density of the Co2+ octahedra in the interlamellar layer and the molar ratio of 2:1 showed characteristic diffraction peaks of the hydrotalcite-like structure. In the investigation of the [Co-Fe-Cl] and [Co-Al-Cl] LDH structures, both obtained a single phase of the hydrotalcite-like structure. In the study of the influence of anions (Cl-/NO3-/SO42-) on the structure of LDHs, that of [Co-Al-SO4] had the lowest baseline spacing J(003) when compared to the others. LDH [Co-Al-Cl] synthesized by the co-precipitation method at constant pH 8.0 ± 0.5 was the one that presented the nearest unit cell parameters when compared to those of hydrotalcite (JCPDS 14-191). The pH of the solution was maintained below the pH of the zero charge point (5.99) of the LDH to ensure greater adsorption efficiency with 2,4- D (anionic herbicide). From the adsorption parameters optimized by the chemometric planning, it was possible to obtain retention 99.56% of the 2,4-D by LDH [Co-Al-Cl] synthesized at constant pH 8.0 ± 0.5. The [Co-Al-Cl] LDHbattery obtained from the cathode material of the exhausted lithium ion batteries by methodology 02 (recovery of LiCoO2 with the addition of salt AlCb.6H2O) and after the hydrothermal treatment showed diffraction peaks characteristic of the hydrotalcite structure. From the LDHbattery obtained from the cathode material, conductive hybrid materials were synthesized having organotin, 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole as bridging agent between LDHbattery [Co-Al- Cl] and polyaniline. The cyclic voltammograms of the LDHbattery/PDMcT/PAni ternary composite presented an anodic charge higher than those obtained for its constituent materials and a predominantly faradaic profile with good electrochemical stability, indicating a possible application of this material as cathode in secondary batteries. It was concluded that LDH [Co-Al-Cl] is a promising material for several applications, among them: the adsorption of organic and inorganic pollutants and electrodes of energy devices.Dissertação (Mestrado)Neste trabalho, investigou-se a utilização de Hidróxidos Duplos Lamelares (HDL) como adsorventes do pesticida 2,4-Diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D) em águas contaminadas. A partir dos DRXs dos HDLs maiores razões molares de cátions metálicos de Co2+ e Al3+ provocam uma diminuição da intensidade dos picos de difração em virtude da alta densidade dos octaedros de Co2+ na camada interlamelar e a razão molar de 2:1 apresentou picos de difração característicos da estrutura tipo hidrotalcita. Na investigação das estruturas de HDLs [Co-Fe-Cl] e [Co-Al-Cl], ambos obtiveram uma única fase de estrutura tipo hidrotalcita. Já no estudo da influência dos ânions (Cl" / NO3" / SO4"2) na estrutura dos HDLs, o de [Co-Al-SO4] apresentou o menor valor de espaçamento basal d(003) quando comparado com os demais. O HDL [Co-Al-Cl] sintetizado pelo método de co-precipitação a pH constante 8,0 ± 0,5 foi o que apresentou os parâmetros de célula unitária mais próximos quando comparados com os da hidrotalcita (JCPDS 14-191). O pH da solução foi mantido abaixo do pH do ponto de carga Zero (5,99) do HDL para garantir uma maior eficácia da adsorção com o 2,4-D (herbicida aniônico). A partir dos parâmetros de adsorção otimizados pelo planejamento quimiométrico, foi possível obter 99,56% de retenção do 2,4-D pelo HDL [Co-Al-Cl] sintetizado a pH constante 8,0 ± 0,5. O HDLbateria [Co-Al-Cl] obtido a partir do material catódico de baterias de íons lítio exauridas pela metodologia 02 (recuperação do LiCoO2 com a adição do sal AlCb.6H2O) e após o tratamento hidrotérmico apresentou picos de difração característicos da estrutura da hidrotalcita. A partir do HDLbateria obtido do material catódico, realizou-se a síntese química de materiais híbridos condutores tendo como agente ponte organotiól, 2,5- dimercapto- 1,3,4-tiadiazol entre o HDLbateria [Co-Al-Cl] e a polianilina. Os voltamogramas cíclicos do compósito ternário HDLbateria/PDMcT/PAni apresentaram uma carga anódica superior ao dos seus materiais constituintes e um perfil predominantemente faradaico com boa estabilidade eletroquímica, indicando uma possível aplicação deste material como catodo em baterias secundárias. Concluiu-se que o HDL [Co-Al-Cl] é promissor para diversas aplicações, dentre elas: a adsorção de poluentes orgânicos e inorgânicos e eletrodos de dispositivos de energia

Lapbook como metologia ativa no ensino de Direitos Humanos / Lapbook as an active methodology in teaching Human Rights

No Brasil nos últimos anos surgiu na educação básica à demanda por inovações de métodos pedagógicos que contemplem o desenvolvimento da aprendizagem dos educandos. Sendo assim, este artigo apresenta a construção e uso de lapbooks no ensino sobre Direitos Humanos como uma inovação pedagógica, que está diretamente ligada ao aluno no centro do processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Desta forma, pensando em como elaborar estratégias significativas para os alunos no ensino sobre Direitos Humanos o uso do lapbook proporciona o maior interesse na aprendizagem  por propor a reflexão sobre assuntos do seu dia-a-dia e a realidade no ambiente em que estão inseridos, empregando uma metodologia ativa que contribui para o crescimento e desenvolvimento do aluno e maior retenção de conteúdo.

Curcumin reduces cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity in NGF-differentiated PC12 cells

AbstractThe potential neuroprotective benefits of curcumin against cisplatin neurotoxicity were investigated. Curcumin is a polyphenol derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa whose pharmacological effects include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. Cisplatin is a potent chemotherapeutic drug with activity against a wide variety of tumors, although it has notorious side effects. Cisplatin neurotoxicity is clinically evident in patients that have undergone a full course of chemotherapy and develop a peripheral neuropathy that may affect the treatment regimen and the patient's qualify of life. In this study, we examined whether curcumin can protect against cisplatin neurite outgrowth inhibition in PC12 cells, which is an indicator of the protective potential against neuropathy. We also investigated whether curcumin affects cisplatin effectiveness by analyzing the modulation of p53 gene expression and its effect on cisplatin cytotoxicity in HepG2 tumor cells. Non-cytotoxic concentrations of curcumin reduced in vitro neurotoxicity of cisplatin in PC12 cells. The treatment of PC12 cells with cisplatin (10μg/mL) significantly reduced neurite outgrowth. The tested concentration of curcumin (1.0 and 10μg/mL) did not result in neurite toxicity but nevertheless diminished cisplatin-induced inhibition of neurite outgrowth by up to 50% (p<0.05). Our results indicate that curcumin does not compromise cisplatin's anticancer activity. Curcumin neither suppressed p53 mRNA transcription nor protected tumor cells against cisplatin cytotoxicity. These results indicate that curcumin may reduce cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity, and clinical studies should potentially be considered

Isometry of Potential Attachment Sites for the Iliotrochanteric Suture in Dogs: an ex vivo Study

Background: Coxofemoral luxation is the most common traumatic luxation in dogs and the iliotrochanteric suture is one of the surgical treatment options. The orthopedic suture aimed at surgically restoring joint movement should be employed in an isometric manner in order to maintain adequate tension throughout the arc of motion. This study aimed to determine the isometric points for the iliotrochanteric suture in dogs during the joint extension and flexion movements. This evaluation was performed both in the intact hip joint and in the luxation model, establishing the best combination, among the determined points, for the reestablishment of normal joint movement.Materials, Methods & Results: Radiographic analyses of 12 canine cadaveric hips, both intact and in craniodorsal luxation model, were performed in a neutral position, flexion at 50°, and extension at 150°. In the trochanteric segment, two parallel lines were drawn, creating the central vertical axis and the secondary vertical axis. Three points were then determined on each axis, from proximal to distal, corresponding to 25, 50, and 75% of the height of the axis, and were labelled as T1, T2, and T3 and T4, T5, and T6, respectively. In the iliac segment, a line perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the ilium was drawn, and 25, 50, and 75% of this height corresponded to points I1, I2, and I3, respectively. The lengths between the points were measured, with the objective of evaluating which combination of points presented less variation in the joint positions. The central location of the iliac and trochanteric segments, determined respectively by I2 and T2, provided smaller variations during the maximal movements of hip flexion and extension.Discussion: The surgical techniques of iliotrochanteric suture target to maintain the internal rotation of the femoral head inside the acetabulum and abduction of the femur until the soft tissues have healed. The described techniques for the iliotrochanteric suture present a great anatomical variety in the arrangement of the anchor points of the suture. It is known that if during motion, the attachment sites move closer to one another, the suture will become lax and, if the attachment sites move away from one another, the suture will tighten. Therefore, the implantation in isometric sites assists in reducing the variation of the distance between the points of origin and insertion of the suture during joint movement, keeping the suture tension constant and allowing the functional recovery of the joint. This study demonstrates that there are some locations for the origin and insertion of an iliotrochanteric suture that are associated with less length change than others. I2-T2 combination is the point closest to isometry for the iliotrochanteric suture during hip extension and flexion, so that, T2 is the most central point of the greater trochanter, corresponding to 50% of the height of its central vertical axis, as well as I2, which corresponds to the most central point of the ilium, representing 50% of the height of the most caudal portion of its body. The isometric point found by us details the exact location of perforation in all aspects (height and length), both in the ilium and the trochanter. In addition, it is a personalized point created for each patient from its radiographic examination and taking into consideration its anatomical variations, so that there is no damage to the suture during hip extension and flexion movements

Anxiety-related psychological impacts in the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiovascular diseases and diabetes

Patients and the general public are under insurmountable psychological pressure which may lead to various psychological problems, such as anxiety, fear, depression, and insomnia, causing, consequently, the impaired quality of life. Psychological crisis intervention plays a pivotal role in the overall deployment of health-related quality of life and disease control. A novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARSCoV-2), a pathogen of the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has affected several sector activities, including people's health. To enhance infection control methods, appropriate interventions, and public health policies, the present study aims to assess the fear and peri-traumatic stress during the Covid-19 in Brazil. Method: A cross-sectional survey has been conducted from April 12th to 18th using the Peri-Traumatic Distress Scale (CPDI) and the Fear Scale (FCV-19S) aiming to measure the peri-traumatic stress and fear as psychological reactions during the COVID-19 pandemic. For that purpose, an online spreadsheet was used to send the questionnaire and scales to a sample of 1844 participants as a collecting information tool. After the data analysis, the individuals were separated into 4 groups: Group 1 (1232) population without chronic health conditions; group 2 (298) patients with previous psychological suffering, group 3 (229) patients with cardiovascular diseases, group 4 (71) patients with diabetes. For analysis, G1 and were considered control for comparison with groups 2, 3 and 4 in accordance with One-Way Anova followed by Bonferroni test. Results: All the groups showed the CPDI and FCV-19S increased in comparison with the G1 group. Concerning CPDI, the G 3 was increased when compared to G1, G2 and G4. The G3 had the FCV-19S higher in comparison with G1, G2 and G4. The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test showed a statistical difference between the control group in comparison with 2 and 3 groups (Mann-Whitney p&lt; 0.05). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the Brazilian population, with patients with heart disease and hypertension presenting the highest numbers of stress and fear, with numbers comparable and even higher than those who reported previous psychological distress

Growth, nutrition and biological fixation of nitrogen in mixed-species plantations of eucalypt with leguminous trees

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento inicial da parte aérea e do sistema radicular, a nutrição mineral e a fixação biológica de N2 (FBN) em plantios consorciados de Eucalyptus grandis e leguminosas arbóreas. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso com três repetições e sete tratamentos por bloco. Nas linhas de plantio, entre as plantas de E. grandis, foram plantadas, intercaladamente, leguminosas arbóreas nativas de matas brasileiras – Peltophorum dubium, Inga sp., Mimosa scabrella, Acacia polyphylla, Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia – e uma leguminosa exótica, Acacia mangium. Realizou-se, também, o plantio puro de E. grandis. Mimosa scabrella e A. mangium foram as leguminosas com maior crescimento. Eucalyptus grandis consorciado com M. scabrella cresceu menos, no entanto foi o povoamento com maior acumulação de biomassa. As densidades de raízes finas (DRF) do E. grandis foram 6 a 20 vezes maiores que as DRF das leguminosas na camada superficial do solo (0–10 cm) 24 meses após plantio. A DRF de M. scabrella e de M. caesalpiniaefolia foi maior na camada 30–50 cm e menor na camada 10–30 cm. Os valores de d15N da M. scabrella indicam que 90% do N acumulado em seus tecidos é oriundo da FBN.The objective of this work was to assess interactions between species on the above and belowground growth, nitrogen uptake and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in mixed stands of Eucalyptus grandis and native leguminous N2-fixing trees. A complete randomized block design was installed with seven treatments and three blocks. Within the lines of the E. grandis seedlings, native leguminous N2-fixing trees – Peltophorum dubium, Inga sp., Mimosa scabrella, Acacia polyphylla, Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia – and one exotic leguminous plant, Acacia mangium, were intercropped. E. grandis was also solely planted. Mimosa scabrella and A. mangium were the legume trees that presented the highest growth. Although E. grandis showed a lower growth when combined with M. scabrella, this mixed-species stand exhibited the highest biomass accumulation. Eucalyptus grandis fine root densities (FRD) were 6–20 times higher than the FRD of the leguminous species in the upper soil layer (0–10 cm) 24 months after planting. The FRD of M. scabrella and M. caesalpiniaefolia in the 30–50 cm soil layer was higher than in the 10–30 cm layer. The d15N values of M. scabrella indicated that 90% of stocked N is derived from BNF

Avulsão Dental

Objetivo: Fornecer informações de interesse clínico sobre as consequências, diretrizes de tratamento e prognóstico desta luxação total na dentição decídua e permanente.Método: Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica, a partir de artigos científicos publicados em periódicos nacionais e internacionais. Estes artigos se propuseram a estudar a avulsão dental, uma das injúrias traumáticas que mais afetam os pacientes e podem causar complicações funcionais, estéticas e psicológicas.Conclusão: De acordo com a bibliografia consultada foi possível observar que a consequência de um dente avulsionado reimplantado, revela níveis variáveis de complicações tanto funcionais quanto sociais, econômicas e psicológicas para o paciente. O perfeito diagnóstico e o imediato atendimento são importantes para um melhor prognóstico. A informação e orientação de educadores e professores são de fundamental importância para a prevenção desta injúria traumática