Institutionalising smart city research and innovation: from fuzzy definitions to real-life experiments

By exploring and defining characteristics of a smart city research and innovation centre, we contribute to the discussion on smart city development capacity. To do so, using a qualitative method, we review definitions of the concept and map international groups and institutes affiliated with this domain. Our main result is an overview of global research centres dealing with smart cities. One of the key implications of this paper is that instead of a strict definition, the important aspect appears in the framing provided by the complex real-life challenges that require and enable cross-disciplinary research, even though the concept keeps evolving

Avaliação dos impactos ambientais e econômicos da cultivar de arroz irrigado BRS Querência.

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Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and trastuzumab versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by post-operative trastuzumab for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus trastuzumab (NCT) increases the rate of pathological complete response (pCR) and event-free survival (EFS) compared to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC) alone in women with HER2 positive breast cancer (BC). pCR in this setting is associated with improved EFS. Whether NCT preferentially improves EFS in comparison to NC followed by adjuvant trastuzumab initiated postoperatively (NCAT) has not been addressed. Using clinical data from women with HER2 positive BC treated at 7 European institutions between 2007 and 2010 we sought to investigate the impact on breast cancer outcomes of concomitant (NCT) versus sequential (NCAT) treatment in HER2 positive early BC. The unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) for event free survival with NCT compared with NCAT was 0.63 (95% CI 0.37–1.08; p = 0.091). Multivariable analysis revealed that treatment group, tumour size and ER status were significantly associated with EFS from diagnosis. In the whole group NCT was associated with a reduced risk of an event relative to NCAT, an effect that was confined to ER negative (HR: 0.25; 95% CI, 0.10–0.62; p = 0.003) as opposed to ER positive tumours (HR: 1.07; 95% CI, 0.46–2.52; p = 0.869). HER2 positive/ER negative BC treated with NC gain greatest survival benefit when trastuzumab is administered in both the neoadjuvant and adjuvant period rather than in the adjuvant period alone. These data support the early introduction of targeted combination therapy in HER2 positive/ER negative BC

Valores econômicos para características produtivas de ovinos: desenvolvimento de objetivos e critérios de seleção em sistemas de produção baseados em pastagem nativa no bioma Pampa do Brasil.

Resumo: O presente estudo visa contribuir para o desenvolvimento de programas de melhoramento genético estimando ponderadores econômicos para características produtivas em ovinos criados no sul do Brasil. Foi desenvolvido modelo bio-econômico baseado nos sistemas de produção, por meio de entrevistas com produtores, revisão bibliográfica e análises do mercado atual. Foram calculados os valores econômicos para as características características reprodutivas, de sobrevivência, crescimento, lã, sanidade e de carcaça. As características de maior importância econômica foram Taxa de Parição, Prolificidade, Mortalidade dos cordeiros e Número de partos por ano, com ponderadores econômicos estimados de 0,85 e -0,85. Embora as características reprodutivas tenham baixa herdabilidade, dada à importância econômica, justifica-se o investimento na seleção de animais geneticamente superiores nas mesmas, uma vez que estas características representaram uma importância de 25, 82, 76, 99 e 49% a mais que o grupo das características de sobrevivência, crescimento, lã e sanidade, respectivamente. Economic values for traits of sheep: Influence on the objectives and criteria for selection in production systems based on native pasture in the Pampa biome of Brazil. Abstract: The present study aims to contribute to the development of breeding programs estimate economic weights for traits in sheep reared in southern Brazil. Model bio-economic was developed based on the production systems, trough interviews with producers, literature review and analysis of the current market. Values were calculated for the economic characteristics reproductive traits, survival, growth, wool, health and carcass. The major characters of economic importance were calving rate, litter size, mortality of lambs and number of births per year, with estimated economic weights of 0,85 and -0,85. Although reproductive traits have low heritability, given the economic importance justified the investment in the selection of genetically superior animals in them, since these characteristics represented an amount of 25, 82, 76, 99 and 49% more than the characteristics of survival, growth, wool and health, respectively