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Assessment of the gluten content in gluten-free labeled foods: comparison of two gluten detection methods

This study was designed to compare the effectiveness of the R5-ELISA and immunochromatographic assays in detecting gluten in foods labeled gluten-free and to determine if the immunochromatographic method is a sensitive and reliable method for detecting gluten at safe levels for celiac patients. We analyzed seventy different commercially foods available in Brazil, labeled “gluten-free”. Gluten was extracted by ethanol precipitation and, subsequently, analyzed using a commercial immunochromatographic test and ELISA kit, both based in a monoclonal antibody. The analysis of sensitivity and specificity was made using the kappa coefficient. More than a quarter of the samples (28.6%) analyzed by ELISA contained levels of gluten greater than 5 mg/kg. Almost half of these (12.9%) exhibited levels that exceeded 20 mg/kg, the maximum gluten level recommended by the Codex Alimentarius for a naturally gluten-free product. We found 27.1% of the samples tested positive in the immunochromatographic test. There was no statistically significant difference between the results of the ELISA (detection value ≥ 5 mg/kg) and the immunochromatographic test. Comparing the ELISA (≥ 5 mg/kg) and immunochromatographic test, we obtained 90% sensitivity and 98% specificity (Kappa of 0.89). We found gluten in a high proportion of the samples tested using both methods. In this study we also demonstrate that the immunochromatographic method is nearly as sensitive as the ELISA in detecting gluten levels and thus may serve as an inexpensive and rapid alternative to the R5-ELISA screening test

Associação de doença celíaca (DC) com diabete melito insulino-dependente (DMID) : relato de dois casos e revisão de literatura

Neste estudo são relatados casos de duas crianças do sexo masculino com diabete melito insulino-dependente associado muito provavelmente à doença celiaca. O primeiro caso foi encaminhado com suspeita de hepatite viral tipo A por apresentar provas funcionais hepáticas alteradas. O segundo caso era portador de hepatomegalia anictérica e de um diabete melito de dificil controle. São discutidas as relações entre doença celiaca e diabete melito.This study reports two boys with diabetes mellitus and celiac disease probably associated. The first patient presented abnormal liver function tests being suspected of having a viral hepatitis, the second one was investigated by hepatomegaly and difficulty of controlling diabetes. A brief discussion of the relevant aspects of celiac disease is presented

Paracrine effects of bone marrow mononuclear cells in survival and cytokine expression after 90% partial hepatectomy

Acute liver failure is a complex and fatal disease. Cell-based therapies are a promising alternative therapeutic approach for liver failure due to relatively simple technique and lower cost. The use of semipermeable microcapsules has become an interesting tool for evaluating paracrine effects in vivo. In this study, we aimed to assess the paracrine effects of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) encapsulated in sodium alginate to treat acute liver failure in an animal model of 90% partial hepatectomy (90% PH). Encapsulated BMMC were able to increase 10-day survival without enhancing liver regeneration markers. Gene expression of Il-6 and Il-10 in the remnant liver was markedly reduced at 6 h after 90% PH in animals receiving encapsulated BMMC compared to controls. This difference, however, was neither reflected by changes in the number of CD68+ cells nor by serum levels of IL6. On the other hand, treated animals presented increased caspase activity and gene expression in the liver. Taken together, these results suggest that BMMC regulate immune response and promote apoptosis in the liver after 90% PH by paracrine factors. These changes ultimately may be related to the higher survival observed in treated animals, suggesting that BMMC may be a promising alternative to treat acute liver failure

Experimental model of hepatic steatosis by fructose in adult zebrafish : a pilot study

The consumption of fructose has been questioned, since its increase has led to an associated increase in steatosis caused by nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Despite the advantages presented by the zebrafish as an animal model, at present there are no models of steatosis by fructose in adult zebrafish. The aim of this study is to establish a model of hepatic steatosis by fructose in adult zebrafish. Methods: Firstly, adult zebrafish were daily exposed to 4% or 6% fructose. Then, animals were exposed to 6% fructose every 2 days. The hepatic lipid accumulation was analyzed by Nile Red and Oil Red O staining. Results: The daily exposure to 6% fructose showed increased accumulation of hepatic lipids when compared to 4% and control groups, but the same concentration showed no difference when the exposure happened every 2 days. Conclusion: We can suggest the daily exposure to a concentration of 6% fructose can be considered as a new experimental model of adult zebrafish

The ductal plate and the organization of the intra-hepatic biliary system

Os autores estudam a placa ductal e a sua relação com o desenvolvimento do sistema biliar intra-hepático. Alguns aspectos deste processo são destacados, como a formação e a relação temporal da placa ductal com os diversos estágios de formação do sistema biliar. É salientado o papel de marcadores imunohistoquímicos, como as citoqueratinas, no estudo e na compreensão do desenvolvimento embriológico hepato-biliar. A compreensão destes aspectos é importante para entender a gênese de algumas entidades patológicas que acometem a via biliar, como a atresia biliar e a fibrose hepática congênita.The authors study the ductal plate and its relationship to the development of the intrahepatic biliary system. Some aspects of the process are highlighted, such as ductal plate formation and its temporal relationship to several stages in the formation of the biliary system. The authors emphasize the role of immunohistochemistry markers, such as cytokeratines, in the study and understanding of hepato-biliary embryological development. The comprehension of these aspects is important for the understanding of the genesis of some pathological entities which affect the biliary tract, such as biliary atresia and congenital fibrosis