Application of a strain gauge to assess drying stresses in normal and tension wood of corymbia citriodora

The quantitative evaluation of longitudinal drying strain can provide relevant information for the processing wood and lumber industry, especially with regard to reaction wood in Corymbia, since little has been published. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the steam conditioning and the cooling on the longitudinal drying strain (LDS) obtained from a strain gauge, called extensometer, in boards of both normal and tension wood of Corymbia citriodora. Lumbers 30 mm thick were produced and kiln dried at the initial temperature of 40 °C, final temperature of 65 °C and drying potential of 2,1. The LDS were measured before and after steam conditioning on hot and cold lumbers. It was observed that the conditioning did not reduce the LDS. Hot lumbers showed higher LDS values than the cold lumbers. The LDS values measured in normal, tension and opposite woods were statistically similar, indicating that the type of wood was not an influential factor in the appearance of longitudinal drying stresses. Extensometer proved to be feasible for measuring LDS, allowing its easy and quick quantification

Analysing the drying behavior of juvenile and mature Eucalyptus saligna wood in drastic drying test for optimal drying schedule

The heterogeneity of characteristics observed in the pith-bark direction within a log causes sawn pieces of wood have different behaviors during water removal. Understanding these differences is important for the industry regarding the possibility of classification of the lumber into juvenile wood and mature wood, facilitating the drying in separate loads. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the behavior of juvenile and mature wood samples of Eucalyptus saligna when subjected to drastic drying. In order to do this, test specimens were submitted to drastic drying at 100°C to obtain the drying times, drying rates and dimensions of end checks. These data were applied in equations to obtain the parameters initial temperature, final temperature and drying potential, used in the elaboration of drying schedules. In juvenile wood we observed that the basic density was lower and the initial moisture content was higher. Mature wood showed a lower drying rate. Drying schedules were developed separately for juvenile and mature wood, the drying schedule for the latter considered milder than the drying schedule developed for juvenile wood

NURSES’ EXPERIENCE IN DISTANCE EDUCATION: AN OVERVIEW ON THE DIMENSIONS OF INTERACTION AND AUTONOMY

Estudo de caso de abordagem qualitativa que buscou analisar as experiências de enfermeiros na modalidade a distância nas dimensões interação e autonomia. Realizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas com 13 enfermeiros de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior em Minas Gerais, entre dezembro de 2014 e fevereiro de 2015. Utilizou-se da Análise de Conteúdo como técnica de análise. Verificou-se que a interação foi destacada por meio dos componentes diálogo e estrutura. O diálogo aconteceu, predominantemente, entre os próprios estudantes e na perspectiva da socialização e do aprendizado colaborativo. Quanto à estrutura, constatou-se a concepção de alta estruturação e o controle favorecidos pela maximização do aparato tecnológico. Na dimensão autonomia, o aprendizado se deu em rede e de forma colaborativa, potencializados pelas características: flexibilidade de horários/tempo/deslocamento, redução de custos e a decisão pela busca do aprimoramento. Conclui-se que a enfermagem tem encontrado na Educação a Distância possibilidades de avanços no conhecimento, entretanto a interação e autonomia necessitam serem maximizadas nestas experiências.This was a case study with a qualitative approach that aimed to analyze nurses’ experience in the distance education modality focusing on the dimensions of interaction and autonomy. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 13 nurses in a Higher Education Institution in Minas Gerais, from December 2014 to February 2015. Content Analysis was used as technique of analysis. It was found that interaction was made possible through the components of dialogue and structure. Dialogue took place mainly among students themselves and in the context of socialization and collaborative learning. Regarding structure, the study found the evidence of high structuring and control made possible by the maximization of the technological apparatus. In the dimension of autonomy learning took place through networking and in a collaborative way, enhanced by the following features: time/displacement flexibility; reduced costs; and the decision to search for improvement. This study found possibilities of advancing knowledge in Distance Education, though interaction and autonomy need to be maximized in these experiences.Estudio de caso, abordaje cualitativo, buscando analizar experiencias de enfermeros en aprendizaje a distancia respecto de dimensiones interacción y autonomía. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas con 13 enfermeros de Institución de Enseñanza Superior de Minas Gerais, entre diciembre 2014 y febrero 2015. Se aplicó técnica de Análisis de Contenido. La interacción fue destacada por sus componentes diálogo y estructura. El diálogo se dio, fundamentalmente, entre los propios estudiantes, en perspectiva de socialización y aprendizaje colaborativo. Respecto a la estructura, se constató concepción de alta estructuración y de control, favorecidos por maximización del aparato tecnológico. En la dimensión autonomía, el aprendizaje se realizó en red, de manera colaborativa, potenciado por las características: flexibilidad de horarios/tiempo/desplazamiento, reducción de costos y decisión de búsqueda de mejoramiento. Se concluye en que la enfermería encuentra en la Educación a Distancia posibilidades de avances del conocimiento, en tanto interacción y autonomía sean maximizadas en la experiencia

Diverticulite aguda de vesícula biliar – um relato de caso

O divertículo da vesícula biliar é um achado incomum durante investigação de doenças relacionadas a esse órgão, de difícil documentação em exames de imagem, geralmente encontrado apenas em peças cirúrgicas após a colecistectomia, e assim, pouco discutido na literatura. O diagnóstico de diverticulite aguda da vesícula biliar chega a ser ainda mais raro.  O presente caso tem como objetivo mostrar o quadro de uma paciente do sexo feminino com diverticulite aguda de vesícula biliar com detalhes clínicos de pré, intra e pós-operatório assim como os exames complementares relacionados. Uma paciente do sexo feminino, deu entrada com história de dor abdominal localizada em hipocôndrio direito há 2 dias da admissão. Durante avaliação do exame físico do abdome, identificado sinal de Murphy positivo. Os exames laboratoriais vieram dentro da normalidade. Realizada ultrassonografia de abdome com um conjunto de achados que favorece a hipótese de diverticulite do fundo da vesícula biliar. Para complementação, foi realizada uma tomografia de abdome superior sem contraste que ratificou a mesma hipótese diagnóstica. A conduta curativa adotada foi a realização da colecistectomia convencional. Após retirada da peça, foi feita sua abertura com achado macroscópico interno de estrutura sacular de paredes espessadas no fundo da vesícula preenchida por cálculos.  A explicação mais aceitável para o surgimento da diverticulose da vesícula biliar consiste na presença de alguma obstrução ao fluxo de saída da bile com consequente aumento da pressão intra-cística. No caso em questão, pode-se observar macro e microscopicamente fatores que podem ser implicados no surgimento do divertículo que foram a presença de inúmeros cálculos no interior do órgão além de um ducto cístico fino e longo. Para a construção deste relato de caso foi feita uma revisão de literatura de casos de diverticulite de vesícula biliar com poucos achados, pouco detalhamento e consequentemente, poucas informações quanto ao seguimento desta patologia cirúrgica. Entretanto com o caso supracitado, foi possível uma boa caracterização clínica e complementar que levou a um alto grau de suspeição diagnóstico já no ambiente pré-operatório, o que pode ser uma vantagem para os cirurgiões durante o planejamento da intervenção. Além disso, o quadro de diverticulite aguda da vesícula biliar, ainda não havia sido descrito com esses achados específicos na literatura.  Os exames de imagem complementares foram essenciais para o levantamento das hipóteses do caso, assim, se mais diagnósticos fossem feitos no pré-operatório, saberíamos a real frequência e a importância clínica desta patologia

Uma capitania dos novos tempos: economia, sociedade e política na São Paulo restaurada (1765-1822)

O artigo reflete sobre a trajetória da Capitania de São Paulo, a partir de 1750, apontando sua transformação, de fronteira e "boca do sertão", para território estratégico da conquista e defesa das partes meridionais e área economicamente integrada aos circuitos mercantis atlânticos.In this article, we reflect upon the history of the Captaincy of São Paulo as from 1750, drawing attention to its transformation from frontier land and "door to the backcountry" into a territory of strategic value for the purposes of conquest and defense of the southern regions, and economically integrated into the Atlantic trade routes

Analysing the drying behavior of juvenile and mature "Eucalyptus saligna" wood in drastic drying test for optimal drying schedule

The heterogeneity of characteristics observed in the pith-bark direction within a log causes sawn pieces of wood have different behaviors during water removal. Understanding these differences is important for the industry regarding the possibility of classification of the lumber into juvenile wood and mature wood, facilitating the drying in separate loads. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the behavior of juvenile and mature wood samples of Eucalyptus saligna when subjected to drastic drying. In order to do this, test specimens were submitted to drastic drying at 100°C to obtain the drying times, drying rates and dimensions of end checks. These data were applied in equations to obtain the parameters initial temperature, final temperature and drying potential, used in the elaboration of drying schedules. In juvenile wood we observed that the basic density was lower and the initial moisture content was higher. Mature wood showed a lower drying rate. Drying schedules were developed separately for juvenile and mature wood, the drying schedule for the latter considered milder than the drying schedule developed for juvenile wood

Relationship between vessel parameters and cleavage associated with checking in eucalyptus grandis wood

In this work, the relationship between vessels parameters and the wood cleavage strength were studied to clarify the process of formation of this type of check, very common in Eucalyptus wood. The objective was to identify the relationship between the wood cleavage strength, the average area of the vessel, and the percentage area of vessels on the wood transverse surface. For this, two Eucalyptus grandis trees at 22 years old were felled and specimens for the cleavage test were produced to determine the wood cleavage strength. From these specimens, samples were taken to determine the average area of the vessel and the percentage area of vessels, aiming at adjusting mathematical models that explain the variation in the cleavage strength. The results showed that the higher the average area of the vessel and the percentage of area occupied by vessels in the wood, the lower its cleavage strength. The multiple linear regression model can estimate the cleavage strength as a function of the average area of the vessel, and the percentage area of the vessel

Stability and adaptability of runner peanut genotypes based on nonlinear regression and AMMI analysis

The objective of this work was to estimate the stability and adaptability of pod and seed yield in runner peanut genotypes based on the nonlinear regression and AMMI analysis. Yield data from 11 trials, distributed in six environments and three harvests, carried out in the Northeast region of Brazil during the rainy season were used. Significant effects of genotypes (G), environments (E), and GE interactions were detected in the analysis, indicating different behaviors among genotypes in favorable and unfavorable environmental conditions. The genotypes BRS Pérola Branca and LViPE‑06 are more stable and adapted to the semiarid environment, whereas LGoPE‑06 is a promising material for pod production, despite being highly dependent on favorable environments