Educação para a Saúde Familiar – Perceção dos Enfermeiros

A educação para a saúde (EpS) familiar na prática clínica de enfermagem capacita a família para promover a saúde familiar. Este estudo teve por objetivo identificar o quorum de boas práticas de EpS dos enfermeiros focadas na família e verificar qual a perceção que os enfermeiros têm em relação a essas boas práticas. A partir da análise do artigo “Educação em Saúde na Estratégia de Saúde da Família: percepção dos profissionais” de Silva, Lemos e Hardman (2015) e de uma revisão da literatura, identificaram-se cinco fatores, que foram posteriormente validados e hierarquizados segundo peso/importancia por peritos em enfermagem das várias áreas de especialização, num Painel Delphi online. O estudo realizado é transversal descritivo – correlacionado. A amostra foi constituída por 272 enfermeiros que realizam EpS familiar em Portugal, a partir do total dos enfermeiros que exercem em Portugal, 73650. Com os dados do questionário aplicado construíu-se e validou-se a Escala Educação para a Saúde Familiar – Perceção dos Enfermeiros (ESfamília).Ficando esta constituída por dois fatores (a promoção da saúde familiar através da EpS e a EpS familiar não normativa), que resultam da Análise Fatorial e explicam 68,66% da variância total. A consistência interna da escala, avaliada pelo Alfa de Chronbach, revelou-se muito boa (0,974). Dos resultados destaca-se que a ESfamília, ficou constituída por dois fatores sendo que os enfermeiros atribuíram maior importância ao fator a EpS familiar não normativa (M=4,56; Dp±0,54) e um pouco menor importância à Promoção da saúde familiar através da EpS (M=4,41; Dp±0,54). Os resultados indiciam que a EpS familiar pode ser realizada em qualquer contexto, sendo que os contextos em que a EpS familiar é mais realizada é no centro de saúde e no domicílio. Conclui-se que os enfermeiros atribuíram grande importância aos fatores e à ESfamília, realçando que a EpS familiar em enfermagem deve ser não normativa para capacitar as famílias para promoverem a sua saúde

Emergency Service of the University Hospital of Algarve in Faro: A Contribution of the DISTATIS Method to Classify and Prioritize its Main Issues and Challenges

Events occurring in hospital emergency services tend to be of a chaotic and complex nature, giving rise to unique challenges, mainly in the fields of finance management, equipment, workloads and human resources. The research here presented addresses the issue, first by determining the top ten problems and challenges facing the Emergency Service of the University Hospital of Algarve in Faro and second by underlining perceptions and associated levels of importance attributed by an in-house group of specialists that assist on the unit's management process. Data was collected in two phases a) a brainstorming exercise with work-shift leaders for generation of opinions and ideas regarding the evaluation of the top ten problems; b) presentation of the top ten issues to a panel of experts who, on an individual basis, classified, categorized and ranked them. Collected data was of a multidimensional nature and it was later analysed using an innovative three-way technique, the DISTATIS method (Abdi et al., 2005; Abdi et al., 2007). In our evaluation of the expert responses, we highlighted experts whose options were characterized by similarities and differences and others with stable and unstable opinions. Final results provided information on opposition and coherence among the experts, identifying common themes and problems relevant to the organization's management and decision processes

Naphthenic corrosion using electrochemical and analytical techniques

ABSTRACT: Naphthenic acid corrosion of steel was studied in a stagnant, biphasic oil/aqueous phase system, by means of electrochemical measurements and surface analysis. Corrosion was restricted to the region of the aqueous phase, as crater-shaped pits that eventually coalesced, generating a nearly uniform attack in the vicinity of the oil phase. In-situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) reveals the processes occurring at the aqueous phase, which nevertheless increase with the fraction of oil phase and with degree of acidity of the oil.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The teas of Portuguese centenarians

Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Introduction: Medicinal plants traditional consumption habits, can contribute to longevity. Methods: A sample of 253 centenarian individuals in Portugal, both sexes, median age 100 years, was studied, to verify past habits in relation to medicinal-interest plants use. It was compared with a control group median age 67 year, with a reduced theoretical probability of reaching 100 years. Results: Among the 8 most cited plants, in decreasing frequency order, in centenarian's group: Lemon-balm, barley, lemon-verbena, orange (leaf-flower), linden, whig-plant, pennyroyal and mount-carqueja (Pterospartum-tridentatum); in the control group: Lemon-balm, lemonverbena, chamomile, linden, prince-herb, green-tea, lemon-tea and minttea. Whereas 28% of the control subjects reported not using infusion plants, in the centennial group, only 9.1% reported not routinely use them (χ2¼30,42, po0.001). Among the 8 plants most marked by the centenarians that were not mentioned by the controls, they include barley, whig-plant, pennyroyal and mount-carqueja. Conclusion: the high antioxidant power associated with the use of plants by centenarian individuals, determined by anti-free radical's activity, lipoperoxidation inhibition and antitumor potential, may have contributed to their exceptional longevity.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Microenvironment in Vagina as a Key-Player on Cervical Cancer: Interaction of Polymorphic Genetic Variants and Vaginal Microbiome as Co-Factors

Current knowledge point to persistence of risk factors for the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. The infection with a high-risk oncogenic Human Papillomavirus (HPV) subtypes, most commonly 16 and 18, is a necessary, although not sufficient, condition for development of invasive cervical cancer (ICC) and its precancerous precursor, cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN). It has been suggested that CIN disease severity and the diversity of vaginal microbiota are associated and this may determine viral persistence and disease behaviour. Our work focuses on the genetic variability associated to the modulation of genotoxicity induced by vaginal microbiota diversity. Relatively little is known about the mechanisms associated with clearance or persistence of HPV infection, therefore we hypothesized that may be under the influence of the genetic background

Epistatic Interaction of CYP1A1

There is a clear association between the excessive and cumulative exposure to estrogens and the development of cancer in hormone-sensitive tissues, such as the cervix. We studied the association of CYP1A1 M1 (rs4646903) and COMT (rs4680) polymorphisms in 130 cervical cancer cases (c-cancer) and 179 controls. The CYP1A1 TT genotype was associated with a lower risk for c-cancer (OR = 0.39, p=0.002). The allele C of CYP1A1 was a risk for c-cancer (OR = 2.29, p=0.002). Women with COMT LL genotype had a higher risk of developing c-cancer (OR = 4.83, p<0.001). For the interaction of the CYP1A1&COMT, we observed that TC&HL genotypes had a greater risk for c-cancer (OR = 6.07, p=0.006) and TT&HL genotypes had a protection effect (OR = 0.24, p<0.001). The CYP1A1 TT and COMT LL genotypes had higher estradiol levels in c-cancer (p<0.001 and p=0.037, resp.). C-cancer is associated with less production of 2-methoxy-estradiol resultant of functional polymorphisms of CYP1A1 and COMT, separately. CYP1A1 and COMT work in a metabolic sequence and their interaction could lead to an alternative pathway of estrogen metabolism with production of 16-OH-estrone that is more proliferative

Use of Medicinal Plants: Interindividual Variability of Their Effects from a Genetic and Anthropological Perspective

The use of plants for nutritional and therapeutic purposes has been constant over the centuries. The variability of enzymatic activity between individuals and populations in an attempt to adapt has been a conditioning mechanism, reflected in the incidence and prevalence of certain diseases, possible adverse effects of plant-derived nutrients and their interaction with medications, in addition to interference in natural selection and consequent geographical distribution of specific genetic polymorphisms in harmony with indigenous medicinal plants. The metabolizer type may influence the anticancer protective effect of certain plant-derived constituents, with interindividual variability to be considered. This chapter will deepen and develop the role of using plants in different geographic areas and populations over the centuries in producing the genetic variability of the metabolism of plant constituents in the context of environmental adaptation and ecogenetics. Possible therapeutic/adverse effects due to this variability will be discussed

Influence of the TAS2R38 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms in metabolism and anthropometry in thyroid dysfunction

© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).The gene TAS2R38 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs-P49A, A262V and V296I) can condition bitter tasting by PAV (proline–alanine–valine) and non-bitter-tasting by AVI (alanine–valine–isoleucine) homozygosity. We evaluated this polymorphisms association with thyroid function, metabolism and anthropometry parameters determined by: Endpoint analysis (SNPs); DXA (fat mass-%, total fat mass—kg, lean mass—kg); Standard methods (lipid metabolism parameters, HbA1c-%, glycemia—mg/dL, insulinemia—µIU/mL, HOMA-IR, uricemia—mg/dL, calcemia—mg/dL and BMI—kg/m2); ELISA (leptinemia—ng/mL); Spectrophotometry (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme activity—UI/L). Statistics: SPSS program; OR [IC95%]; p < 0.05. Sample: 114 hypothyroid, 49 hyperthyroid, and 179 controls. An association between A262V-valine–valine and hypothyroidism/hyperthyroidism was verified (OR = 2.841; IC95% [1.726–4.676]), p < 0.001/OR = 8.915; IC95% [4.286–18.543]), p < 0.001). Protector effect from thyroid dysfunction: A262V-alanine–valine (OR = 0.467; IC95% [0.289–0.757], p = 0.002/OR = 0.132; IC95% [0.056–0.309], p < 0.001) and PAV (OR = 0.456; IC95% [0.282–0.737], p = 0.001/OR = 0.101; IC95% [0.041–0.250], p < 0.001). Higher parameter values associated with genotypes were: fat-mass-% (V296I-valine–isoleucine), lean-mass (P49A-proline–proline; PVI), leptin (AVI), HbA1c (A262V-alanine–valine) and lower values in lean-Mass (AVI; PVV), leptin (A262V-alanine–alanine), HbA1c (PVV), uricemia (V296I-valine–isoleucine), glycemia (A262V-alanine–alanine; AAV) and plasma triglycerides (PVV). In conclusion, TAS2R38 influences thyroid function, body composition and metabolism. Bitter taste perception (PAV) and the genotype A262V-alanine–valine can protect from thyroid dysfunction. AVV, PVV and genotype A262V-valine–valine may confer higher predisposition for thyroid dysfunction, particularly PVV for hyperthyroidism.The writing of the manuscript was also supported by funds from the Foundation for Science and Technology to ISAMB (ref. UIDB/04295/2020 and UIDP/04295/2020).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Apresentação

This dossier "Policies and management of education in municipal contexts" presents articles that discuss and analyze educational policies in municipal contexts, using as a reference the Articulated Actions Plan (PAR) and its implications in the construction of intergovernmental relations in the Brazilian educational field, its foundations, conceptual bases, methodologies and main trends. O presente dossiê "Políticas e gestão da educação em contextos municipais" apresenta artigos que discutem e analisam políticas educacionais em contextos municipais, tendo como referência o Plano de Ações Articuladas e suas implicações na construção das relações intergovernamentais no campo educacional brasileiro, seus fundamentos, bases conceituais, metodológicas e principais tendências