Neonatal Infant Pain Scale: Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation in Brazil

Context: The Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS), initially developed in Canada, has been previously used but not adequately adapted and validated for use in Brazil. Objectives: The goal of the present study was to perform a cross-cultural adaptation and clinical validation of the NIPS for use in the Brazilian population. Methods: The instrument was adapted based on the method outlined by Beaton et al., including the production and combination of translated versions, back-translation, committee review, and pilot testing. The psychometric properties of the adapted instrument, including its validity, reliability, and internal consistency, were tested in a clinical validation study. The sample comprised 60 at-term newborns who were evaluated by six nurses as they experienced vaccination. Psychometric properties were evaluated using Student's t-tests, prevalence-adjusted and bias-adjusted kappa scores, the Bland-Altman method, and Cronbach's alpha coefficients. Results: The Brazilian version of the NIPS (Escala de Dor no Recém-Nascido [NIPS-Brazil]) demonstrated excellent interobserver and intraobserver reliability. Total NIPS-Brazil scores yielded prevalence-adjusted and bias-adjusted kappa scores of 0.93, whereas the Bland-Altman method revealed interobserver and intraobserver reliability values of 95% and 90%, respectively. The NIPS-Brazil had adequate internal consistency, as evidenced by a Cronbach's alpha of 0.762. Conclusion: The NIPS was successfully adapted for use in Brazil and is now available for use in the assessment of acute pain in at-term newborns in Brazil

Prevention and non-pharmacological management of pain in newborns

Objective: to describe the main non-pharmacological interventions for pain relief in newborns available in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Method: an exploratory search of the MedLine, Lilacs and Scielo online databases was conducted to retrieve references of studies published from 2004 to 2013. Results: several non-pharmacological interventions were shown to be effective, to represent low risk for neonates and to have a low operational cost. The ones most often discussed in the literature were: oral administration of glucose/sucrose, non-nutritive sucking, breastfeeding, skin-to-skin contact, facilitated tucking and swaddling. Conclusion: healthcare teams should be familiar with these methods and use them more effectively in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit daily routines, so as to ensure that newborns receive qualified and more human care

[Factors that contributed to quit smoking]

Sixteen smokers from Porto Alegre, Rio Grando do Sul, Brazil, in abstinence for more than six months were interviewed to investigate the factors that contribute for the success in quitting smoking. Interviews were examined by Content Analysis and seven categories emerged: determination to stop smoking, support received, social restrictions to smoking, benefits related to quitting smoking, information on the problems caused by smoking, elucidating campaigns, and the use of tricks. Results show that the individual's willingness to quit smoking overwhelms other factors, and that the smoker needs a lot of determination, as well as the support of society to be able to overcome the barrier of nicotine dependence

Prevention of nasal trauma due to CPAP in a preterm newborn: case report

The administration of continuous positive airway pressure through nasal CPAP has been used in the treatment of neonatal respiratory diseases as a means of providing ventilatory support to preterm infants, producing adequate gas exchange, decreasing the complications induced by invasive mechanical ventilation and reducing bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The nasal prong is the most common device used to connect to the airways with the purpose of providing mechanical ventilation. Nasal prongs are available in different sizes and made of lightweight and flexible material. Despite its advantages, this device can cause trauma to the nose causing nasal discomfort and disfigurement. We report the case of an extremely low birth weight preterm who used a system of nasal CPAP developed by the nurses of the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the HCPA to protect the skin, mucosa, and nasal septum. Protection was successful

Infestação de plantas espontâneas em cultivo de café solteiro ou consorciado com banana em sistema agroecológico.

bitstream/item/69051/1/062-germani-infestacao.pdfPublicado também no Cadernos de Agroecologia, v. 7, n.2, 2012

Proposta de novos procedimentos de identificação de horizonte A húmico.

No processo de revisão do SiBCS, várias tentativas para redefinir horizonte A húmico foram feitas (NAIME; SANTOS, 2007a e 2007b). Com a publicação da 2a edição do SiBCS foi incluído o procedimento que considera a média ponderada da argila e o teor de carbono multiplicado pela espessura do suborizonte (EMBRAPA SOLOS, 2006). Esta proposta para identificação de horizonte A húmico fundamenta-se nos princípios básicos desenvolvidos por Carvalho et al. (2007), com modificação no cálculo do carbono orgânico, isto é, considerando o valor médio (média ponderada) e não o somatório do carbono multiplicado pela espessura do horizonte correspondente como vem sendo utilizado. Há também alteração na equação para estimar o valor mínimo de carbono requerido para horizonte A húmico em função do teor de argila. Em ambos os casos, tanto a argila como o carbono orgânico são relacionados à espessura do horizonte A.bitstream/item/66559/1/doc97-2007-proposta-novos-procedimentos.pd

INDOLE AMIDE DERIVATIVES: SYNTHESIS, STUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS AND MOLECULAR MODELLING STUDIES OF A NEW SERIES OF HISTAMINE H1-RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS.

A number of indole amide derivatives bearing a basic side chain, in which the indole ring replaces the isoster benzimidazole nucleus typical of some well-known antihistamines, were prepared and tested for their H1-antihistaminic activity. The 1-benzyl-3-indolecarboxamides 32–42 showed antihistaminic (H1) activity (pA2 6–8); the 3-indolylglyoxylylamides 7–16 and the 2-indolecarboxamides 48–56 showed little or no activity. Insertion of the basic side chain of the active 3-indolecarboxamide derivatives into a piperazine ring (compounds 57–59) led to a dramatic loss of activity. All the active compounds proved to be competitive antagonists, since the values of the regression slope were not statistically different from 1. The most active compounds, 32, 33, 38–41, were also tested both in vitro for their anticholinergic activity and in vivo for their ability to antagonize histamine-induced cutaneous vascular permeability in rats. The biological results and the structure–activity relationships of the novel compounds are discussed in the light of molecular modelling studies, taking the molecule of astemizole as a model, and referring to proposed H1-receptor pharmacophore model

Late-onset neonatal sepsis in preterm infants with birth weight under 1.500g

Objective: the research objective was to characterize preterm infants with birth weight under 1500 g, and to identify the incidence of late-onset neonatal sepsis among this population. Methods: a prospective cohort study with a sample of 30 preterm newborns that weighed under 1500 g and were hospitalized in the NICU of the university hospital. Data were collected from January to December 2013 using a structured instrument. Results: of the 30 neonates included in the study, 14 developed late-onset neonatal sepsis with a prevalence of coagulase-negative staphylococci. Conclusions: the incidence of late-onset neonatal sepsis indicates a vulnerability in preterm infants due to immunological immaturity. These results reveal that knowledge of the profi le of newborn infants admitted to the NICU and the risk factors to which they are exposed are central to the planning of nursing care for these patients. Future studies should address strategies for preventing nosocomial infection

Efficient Identification of HIV Serodiscordant Couples by Existing HIV Testing Programs in South Brazil.

ObjectiveTo examine the feasibility of identifying HIV negative at risk individuals in HIV serodiscordant couples, during voluntary HIV testing in South Brazil.MethodsWe surveyed HIV testers at 4 public testing sites in Rio Grande do Sul. We obtained information on risk behaviors and sexual partnerships. HIV testing and testing for recent infection were performed; HIV prevalence and risk behaviors were assessed among subjects who reported having a steady partner who was HIV positive (serodiscordant group) and compared with the general testing population.ResultsAmong 3100 patients, 490 (15.8%) reported being in a steady relationship with an HIV positive partner. New HIV infections were diagnosed in 23% of the serodiscordant group (vs. 13% in the general population, p = 0.01); among newly positive subjects, recent HIV infections were more frequent (23/86, 26.7%) among testers with positive partners than among the general testing group (52/334; 15.6%; p = 0.016). Less than half of the serodiscordant testers reported having used a condom during the last sexual intercourse with their HIV-positive partner. Participants with inconsistent condom use with steady partner were four times more likely to test positive for HIV compared to those who reported always using condoms with the steady partner (OR: 4.2; 95% CI: 2.3 to 7.5).ConclusionIt is highly feasible to identify large numbers of HIV susceptible individuals who are in HIV serodiscordant relationships in South Brazil testing sites. Condom use within HIV serodiscordant couples is low in this setting, suggesting urgent need for biomedical prevention strategies to reduce HIV transmission

Toxicidade de agrotóxicos utilizados em tomateiro ao parasitoide de ovos Trichogramma pretiosum (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae).

Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar a toxicidade dos inseticidas, dos fungicidas e dos herbicidas recomendados para o controle de insetos, doenças e plantas daninhas na cultura do tomateiro.Resumo expandido