Population Dynamics of WCR and ECB in Maize Field in Bečej, Vojvodina Provance

WCR and ECB are maize pest present worlwide in Corn Belt. The documented economic level of looses and plant damages of this two pests vary up to 100 %. Experiment was carried out in Vojvodina provance, region Bačka, during vegetation 2014-2015, from Jun until September. During weekly inpection for tree month we recorded present of WCR and ECB in pheromone traps. Both pests shows fluctuating flight during experimental years. The higest catch of WCR (71 specimens - 8 August 2015) and ECB (14 specimens - 14 August 2014). WCR flight shows similarity over the two years. But, ECB flight is more extended in 2015

Promoting breastfeeding and interaction of pediatric associations with providers of nutritional products

Pediatric associations have been urged not to interact with and not to accept support from commercial providers of breast milk substitutes (BMSs), based on the assumption that such interaction would lead to diminished promotion and support of breastfeeding. The leadership of seven European pediatric learned societies reviewed the issue and share their position and policy conclusions here. We consider breastfeeding as the best way of infant feeding and strongly encourage its active promotion, protection, and support. We support the World Health Organization (WHO) Code of Marketing of BMSs. Infant formula and follow-on formula for older infants should not be advertised to families or the public, to avoid undermining breastfeeding. With consistently restricted marketing of BMSs, families need counseling on infant feeding choices by well-informed pediatricians. Current and trustworthy information is shared through congresses and other medical education directed and supervised by independent pediatric organizations or public bodies. Financial support from commercial organizations for congresses, educational, and scientific activities of pediatric organizations is an acceptable option if scientific, ethical, societal, and legal standards are followed; any influence of commercial organizations on the program is excluded, and transparency is ensured. Public–private research collaborations for improving and evaluating pharmaceuticals, vaccines, medical devices, dietetic products, and other products and services for children are actively encouraged, provided they are guided by the goal of enhancing child health and are performed following established high standards. We support increasing investment of public funding for research aiming at promoting child health, as well as for medical education.BK is the Else Kröner - Senior Professor of Paediatrics at LMU co-funded by Else Kröner-Fresenius Foundation and LM

Presentations of children to emergency departments across Europe and the COVID-19 pandemic: A multinational observational study

During the initial phase of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, reduced numbers of acutely ill or injured children presented to emergency departments (EDs). Concerns were raised about the potential for delayed and more severe presentations and an increase in diagnoses such as diabetic ketoacidosis and mental health issues. This multinational observational study aimed to study the number of children presenting to EDs across Europe during the early COVID-19 pandemic and factors influencing this and to investigate changes in severity of illness and diagnoses. Routine health data were extracted retrospectively from electronic patient records of children aged 18 years and under, presenting to 38 EDs in 16 European countries for the period January 2018 to May 2020, using predefined and standardized data domains. Observed and predicted numbers of ED attendances were calculated for the period February 2020 to May 2020. Poisson models and incidence rate ratios (IRRs), using predicted counts for each site as offset to adjust for case-mix differences, were used to compare age groups, diagnoses, and outcomes. Reductions in pediatric ED attendances, hospital admissions, and high triage urgencies were seen in all participating sites. ED attendances were relatively higher in countries with lower SARS-CoV-2 prevalence (IRR 2·26, 95% CI 1·90 to 2·70, p < 0.001) and in children aged <12 months (12 to <24 months IRR 0·86, 95% CI 0·84 to 0·89; 2 to <5 years IRR 0·80, 95% CI 0·78 to 0·82; 5 to <12 years IRR 0·68, 95% CI 0·67 to 0·70; 12 to 18 years IRR 0·72, 95% CI 0·70 to 0·74; versus age <12 months as reference group, p < 0.001). The lowering of pediatric intensive care admissions was not as great as that of general admissions (IRR 1·30, 95% CI 1·16 to 1·45, p < 0.001). Lower triage urgencies were reduced more than higher triage urgencies (urgent triage IRR 1·10, 95% CI 1·08 to 1·12; emergent and very urgent triage IRR 1·53, 95% CI 1·49 to 1·57; versus nonurgent triage category, p < 0.001). Reductions were highest and sustained throughout the study period for children with communicable infectious diseases. The main limitation was the retrospective nature of the study, using routine clinical data from a wide range of European hospitals and health systems. Reductions in ED attendances were seen across Europe during the first COVID-19 lockdown period. More severely ill children continued to attend hospital more frequently compared to those with minor injuries and illnesses, although absolute numbers fell. ISRCTN91495258 https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN91495258

Population Dynamic of Z Strain of European Corn Borer in Bečej,Vojvodina Province

Wordwide in maize fileds, the three different pheromone strains (Z, E, H) of European corn borer (ECB) are identified. The aim of the study was to investigate the presence of ECB pheromon strains in Vojvodina province, leading production area of maize in Serbia. In three years, the presence of different strains were verified. Population dynamic according to obtained data idicate high differences in population strenght. The occurance of this pest in the field fluctuates. The earliest cach was on June 2nd (2016) and the latest on July 17th (2014). In 2015, when the highest temperature and the lowest humidity were registerd, the first ECB specimen was caught on June 23rd. The last catch of moths was earlier in vegatation on August 20th (2014) and the latest on October 9th (2016). In 2015 the last catch was on September 10th

Hemisphaerialis dysgenesis okozta rezisztens epilepszia mûtéti kezelése – esetismertetés = Surgically cured resistant epilepsy - caused by hemispherical dysgenesis - case report

A part of patients with the therapy resistant epilepsy can be cured by surgical interventions. The more concordant the presurgical evaluation data, the better prognosis the patient has postoperatively. In case of discordant examination data, multimodal evaluation or case-specific decision might be successful. We report on a five-year-old boy with bilateral (left-dominated) cortical dysplasia and therapy resistant epilepsy. The ictal EEG did not help to localize the seizure onset zone, semiology had little lateralization value; however, FDG-PET showed left hemispheric hypermetabolism. The child became almost seizure-free and showed improved development after left-sided hemispherotomy

Thymic Atrophy and Apoptosis of CD4+CD8+ Thymocytes in the Cuprizone Model of Multiple Sclerosis.

Previous studies on the degenerative animal model of multiple sclerosis suggested that the copper-chelator cuprizone might directly suppress T-cell functions. Peripheral T-cell function in the cuprizone model has already been explored; therefore, in the present study, we investigated, for the first time, how cuprizone feeding affects the thymus, the organ of T-cell maturation and selection. We found that even one week of cuprizone treatment induced significant thymic atrophy, affecting the cortex over the medulla. Fluorescent microscopy and flow-cytometric analyses of thymi from cuprizone- and vehicle-treated mice indicated that eradication of the cluster of the differentiation-4 (CD4)-CD8 double-positive T-cell subset was behind the substantial cell loss. This result was confirmed with CD3-CD4-CD8 triple-staining experiments. Ultrastructurally, we observed degraded as well as enlarged mitochondria, myelin-bodies, large lipid droplets, and large lysosomes in the thymi of cuprizone-treated mice. Some of these features were similar to those in physiological and steroid-induced accelerated aging. According to our results, apoptosis was mainly of mitochondrial origin mediated by both caspase-3- and apoptosis inducing factor-mediated mechanisms. Additionally, mitogen activated protein kinase activation and increased pro-apoptotic B cell lymphoma-2 family protein expression were the major underlying processes. Our results do not indicate a functional relationship between cuprizone-induced thymus involution and the absence of inflammatory responses or the selective demyelination observed in the cuprizone model. On the other hand, due to the reversible nature of cuprizone's deleterious effects, the cuprizone model could be valuable in studying thymus regeneration as well as remyelination processes

Effect of LPS and malvidin on mitochondrial membrane potential of RAW 264.7 macrophages.

<p>Cells were pretreated or not with malvidin for 30 min and exposed or not to LPS for 1h. Medium was replaced to fresh one without any agents and containing 1 µg/ml JC-1 membrane potential-sensitive fluorescent dye for 15 min. Green and red fluorescence images of the same field were acquired using a fluorescent microscope. Representative merged images of three independent experiments are presented. Con: control; Mv: malvidin.</p

Effect of LPS and malvidin on MKP-1 expression in LPS treated RAW 264.7 macrophages.

<p>Effect of LPS and malvidin on steady state MKP-1 protein level was assessed by immunoblotting from whole cell lysate after treating the cells as indicated for 1h. Actin was used as a loading control. Representative blots (A) and densitometric evaluations (B) of 3 independent experiments are shown. Pixel densities were normalized to that of the actin. MKP-1 mRNA expression (C) was determined in another aliquot of cells treated as above using Q-RT-PCR analysis. β-Actin was used as a housekeeping control gene. Specific primer sequences and PCR conditions are described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0065355#s2" target="_blank">Materials and Methods</a>. Values are given as means ± SEM. * p<0.05, *** p<0.001 compared to untreated control, ^## p<0.01 ^### p<0.001 compared to LPS alone.</p

Effect of malvidin on LPS induced activating phosphorylation of NFκB.

<p>Total (phosphorylated and unphosphorylated) NFκB (t- NFκB) as well as the phoshorylated form of its p65 subunit (p-NFκB) was detected by immunoblotting of whole RAW 264.7 macrophage lysates after treating the cells for 1h as indicated. Actin was used as a loading control. Representative blots (A) and densitometric evaluations (B,C) of 3 independent experiments are shown. Pixel densities were normalized to that of the actin. Values are given as means ± SEM. *** p<0.001 compared to untreated control, ^### p<0.001 compared to LPS alone.</p

Effect of malvidin on LPS induced activation of ERK, p38, JNK MAPK in RAW 264.7 macrophages.

<p>Steady state phosphorylation of ERK, p38 and JNK was detected by immunoblotting from whole cell lysate after treating the cells as indicated for 1h. Actin was used as a loading control. Representative blots (A) and densitometric evaluations (B–D) of 3 independent experiments are shown. Pixel densities were normalized to that of the actin. Values are given as means ± SEM. ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001 compared to untreated control, ^# p<0.05, ^### p<0.001 compared to LPS alone.</p