Molekuláris lenyomatot tartalmazó polimerek vizsgálata = Study of molecularly imprinted polymers

A nem-kovalens MIP-ek, többek között a kompozit szilikagél-MIP-ek, kromatográfiás tulajdonságait vizsgálva általánosítottuk azt a megállapítást, hogy a MIP állófázisokon tapasztalt aszimmetrikus, széles csúcsok a nemlineáris adszorpciós izoterma következményei. Ezért jellemzésükre nem alkalmasak a MIP irodalomban általánosan használt mennyiségek (retenciós tényező, szelektivitás, imprintelési tényező). Helyettük az izoterma megadását javasoltuk, illetve a könnyen mérhető megoszlási hányadost. Három alapreceptúra alapján állítottunk elő sok célvegyületre MIP-eket kis mennyiségben és teszteltük szelektivi-tásukat. Ily módon lerövidíthető a MIP-ek fejlesztése új vegyületekre. A polimer szintézis és tesz-telés további felgyorsítására kidolgoztunk egy nagyáteresztőképességű módszert, amely párhuzamosan sok MIP előállítását teszi lehetővé mindössze két nap alatt, szemben a korábbi egy-két- héttel. A polimereket egy mikroszűrő tálca szűrőin állítottuk elő vékony rétegben, így polimerizáció után a templát nagyon gyorsan eltávolítható. Viszkózus polimerizációs oldószer használatával sikerült tömény oldatban mikronméretű szemcsés MIP-eket előállítani a szokásos tömbpolimer helyett, ami sok alkalmazásnál (HPLC, SPE, ligandumkötő assay) előnyös. Nano- és mikroreaktorokban vizes közegből történő elektropolimerizációval felületi kötőhelyekkel rendelkező MIP nano/mikrorudakat állítottunk elő proteinek imprintelésével. A mikrorudakat sikeresen alkalmaztuk fehérjék szelektív meghatározására. | Non-covalent MIPs and composite silica-MIPs were studied as chromato-graphic stationary phases. It has been proved that the asymmetric broad peaks obtained on these sorbents are generally due to their nonlinear adsorption isotherm. Therefore they cannot be characterized by the usual parameters used in the MIP literature, like retention factor, selectivity and imprinting factor. Instead the isotherm or the easily measurable distribution coefficient is proposed for the evaluation of MIPs. Large numbers of templates were imprinted with three widely applied basic recipes in small quantities and were tested for their selectivity. With this approach the development of new MIPs can be accelerated. To further speed up MIP synthesis and testing we have set up a new high throughput system that allows parallel preparation of many MIPs within only two days as opposed to 1-2 weeks required by the earlier method. Polymers were synthetized on the filter fibers of a filterplate in very thin layers enabling fast and easy template removal. Micrometer sized MIP particles were obtained at high monomer concentrations instead of a block polymer when viscous polymerization solvents were used. This format is advantageous in many applications like HPLC, SPE and ligand binding assay. MIP nano/microrods were prepared by electropolymerization in aqueous solution in nano/microreactors. The polymer rods possess selective surface binding sites for template proteins and were applied in protein assays

The Corsi-Block Tapping Task as a spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal memory task

The Corsi-Block Tapping Task is a widely known neuropsychological tool used for assessing spatial working memory (spatial WM) performance. Whilst it is considered as the most "classical" spatial WM task, some authors have argued that it should rather be thought of as a spatiotemporal task. The reasoning behind this is that participants must encode the order in which the experimenter (or clinican) touches the blocks and then reproduce that sequence, however, it doesn't require the participant to encode the spatial locations of the blocks themselves but only the order of the experimenter touching them. This poses a problem as other (mainly computerized and Virtual Reality) spatial WM tasks use drag-and-drop methods or spatial locomotion, thus creating a discrepancy between the Corsi-Block Tapping Task and other spatial WM tasks. In order to overcome these shortcommings, we employed the original Corsi-Block Tapping Task in three conditions. The first condition is the "classical" Corsi-Block Tapping Task in which the experimenter touches the blocks in increasing sequence length, which we consider to assess temporal order memory. In the second condition, participants see the blocks on the board for as many seconds as many blocks there are (it is also administrated in an increasing sequence) and then are asked to replace the blocks on the board to the same locations they had seen them, which we consider to assess spatial memory. In the third condition, participants see blocks on the board and the experimenter touches them in a sequence, after which participants are asked to replace the blocks to the same locations in the same order the experimenter had touched them, which we consider to assess spatiotemporal memory

Molecular imprinting science and technology : A survey of the literature for the years 2004 - 2011

Herein, we present a survey of the literature covering the development of molecular imprinting science and technology over the years 2004-2011. In total, 3779 references to the original papers, reviews, edited volumes and monographs from this period are included, along with recently identified uncited materials from prior to 2004, which were omitted in the first instalment of this series covering the years 1930-2003. In the presentation of the assembled references, a section presenting reviews and monographs covering the area is followed by sections describing fundamental aspects of molecular imprinting including the development of novel polymer formats. Thereafter, literature describing efforts to apply these polymeric materials to a range of application areas is presented. Current trends and areas of rapid development are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd