Modulation of BELL transcription factors balance as a tool for tuberisation strengthening in selected potato cultivars

Lilek brambor (Solanum tuberosum) je z hlediska lidské spotřeby třetí nejvýznamnější plodinou na světě. Pochopení regulačních mechanismů kontrolujících zakládání hlíz má tedy kromě teoretického i praktický význam. Tuberizace S. tuberosum je komplexní morfogenní proces regulovaný jak podmínkami prostředí, tak vnitřními poměry v rostlině. Environmentální podmínky regulující nástup tuberizace jsou již dlouho známy, nicméně molekulární podstata iniciace tvorby hlíz začala být odhalována teprve nedávno, a to zejména s využitím divokého poddruhu S. tuberosum subsp. andigena. Důležitou komponentou komplexní sítě regulačních drah kontrolujících nástup tuberizace jsou mj. BELL transkripční faktory. Cílem této práce je vychýlit rovnováhu mezi hladinami BELL transkripčních faktorů indukujících a reprimujících tuberizaci směrem k podpoření iniciace tvorby hlíz u vybraných odrůd kulturního poddruhu bramboru Solanum tuberosum subsp. tuberosum (kultivary Kamýk a Korela). Pro dosažení tohoto cíle byly odvozeny transgenní linie s vneseným konstruktem obsahujícím část kódujícího úseku StBEL11 resp. StBEL29 v antisense orientaci (AS) pod kontrolou konstitutivního promotoru a linie nesoucí konstrukt obsahující kompletní sekvence genů StBEL5+StPTB6 pod kontrolou nativních promotorů. Cílem vnesení prvních dvou konstruktů v...Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is the third most important crop in terms of human consumption. Hence understanding regulatory mechanisms controlling tuber initiation is significant not only from a theoretical but also practical point of view. Tuberization of S. tuberosum is a complex morphogenic process regulated by both, environmental conditions and inner plant status. Environmental conditions regulating the onset of tuberization have been known for a long time, but the molecular basis of tuber initiation has only recently been discovered, in particular using wild subspecies S. tuberosum subsp. andigena. BELL transcription factors are among the important components of the regulatory signalling network. The aim of this study was to modulate balance between the BELL transcription factors that induce and repress tuberization towards strengthening of tuber induction using two cultivars of Solanum tuberosum subsp. tuberosum, cv. Kamýk, resp. cv. Korela. To achieve this, transgenic lines carrying construct containing a part of coding sequence StBEL11, resp. StBEL29 in antisense orientation (AS) under control of constitutive promoters and lines carrying complete sequences of StBEL5 and StPTB6 genes under control of their native promoters were derived. We used the StBEL11 and StBEL29 AS constructs with the aim to...Katedra experimentální biologie rostlinDepartment of Experimental Plant BiologyPřírodovědecká fakultaFaculty of Scienc

Mixtures of Chemical Pollutants at European Legislation Safety Concentrations: How Safe Are They?

The risk posed by complex chemical mixtures in the environment to wildlife and humans is increasingly debated, but has been rarely tested under environmentally relevant scenarios. To address this issue, two mixtures of 14 or 19 substances of concern (pesticides, pharmaceuticals, heavy metals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, a surfactant, and a plasticizer), each present at its safety limit concentration imposed by the European legislation, were prepared and tested for their toxic effects. The effects of the mixtures were assessed in 35 bioassays, based on 11 organisms representing different trophic levels. A consortium of 16 laboratories was involved in performing the bioassays. The mixtures elicited quantifiable toxic effects on some of the test systems employed, including i) changes in marine microbial composition, ii) microalgae toxicity, iii) immobilization in the crustacean Daphnia magna, iv) fish embryo toxicity, v) impaired frog embryo development, and vi) increased expression on oxidative stress-linked reporter genes. Estrogenic activity close to regulatory safety limit concentrations was uncovered by receptor-binding assays. The results highlight the need of precautionary actions on the assessment of chemical mixtures even in cases where individual toxicants are present at seemingly harmless concentration

Mixtures of chemical pollutants at European legislation safety concentrations: how safe are they?

The risk posed by complex chemical mixtures in the environment to wildlife and humans is increasingly debated, but has been rarely tested under environmentally relevant scenarios. To address this issue, two mixtures of 14 or 19 substances of concern (pesticides, pharmaceuticals, heavy metals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, a surfactant, and a plasticizer), each present at its safety limit concentration imposed by the European legislation, were prepared and tested for their toxic effects. The effects of the mixtures were assessed in 35 bioassays, based on 11 organisms representing different trophic levels. A consortium of 16 laboratories was involved in performing the bioassays. The mixtures elicited quantifiable toxic effects on some of the test systems employed, including i) changes in marine microbial composition, ii) microalgae toxicity, iii) immobilization in the crustacean Daphnia magna, iv) fish embryo toxicity, v) impaired frog embryo development, and vi) increased expression on oxidative stress-linked reporter genes. Estrogenic activity close to regulatory safety limit concentrations was uncovered by receptor-binding assays. The results highlight the need of precautionary actions on the assessment of chemical mixtures even in cases where individual toxicants are present at seemingly harmless concentrations

Spatial overlap of shark nursery areas and the salmon farming industry influences the trophic ecology of Squalus acanthias on the southern coast of Chile

© 2017 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Potential interactions between marine predators and humans arise in the southern coast of Chile where predator feeding and reproduction sites overlap with fisheries and aquaculture. Here, we assess the potential effects of intensive salmon aquaculture on food habits, growth, and reproduction of a common predator, the spiny dogfish—identified as Squalus acanthias via genetic barcoding. A total of 102 (89 females and 13 males) individuals were collected during winter and summer of 2013–2014 from the Chiloé Sea where salmon aquaculture activities are concentrated. The low frequency of males in our study suggests spatial segregation of sex, while immature and mature females spatially overlapped in both seasons. Female spiny dogfish showed a functional specialist behavior as indicated by the small number of prey items and the relative high importance of the austral hake and salmon pellets in the diet. Immature sharks fed more on pellets and anchovies than the larger hake-preferring mature females. Our results also indicate that spiny dogfish switch prey (anchovy to hake) to take advantage of seasonal changes in prey availability. Despite differences in the trophic patterns of S. acanthias due to the spatial association with intensive salmon farming, in this region, there appears to be no difference in fecundity or size at maturity compared to other populations. Although no demographic effects were detected, we suggest that a range of additional factors should be considered before concluding that intensive aquaculture does not have any impact on these marine predators.Link_to_subscribed_fulltex

People on the Margin in the Pardubice Region between 1900 and 1910

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá společností na okraji na Pardubicku v letech 1900-1910. Práce definuje jednotlivé skupiny na okraji společnosti a poté jejich chování analyzuje pomocí článků o lidech na okraji v dobových periodikách a úředních aktech a následně dokládá množství trestné činnosti pomocí statistického průzkumu.This bachelor's work is aimed at life of marginalized community in the Pardubice region between 1900 and 1910. This work defines and analyze life of marginalized community and then their social behavior is analyzed using period newspapper and official documents and then work brings a statistical research of crime.Fakulta filozofická1. Představení práce autorkou. 2. Seznámení komise s posudky. 3. Rozprava: typy marginalizovaného obyvatelstva, výběr periodik k tématu, počty zločinů spáchaných Židy a cikány v Pardubicích

Timely diagnosis of motor function in children with intrauterine growth retardation and possibilities for its influencing with the aid of physiotherapeutic methods

Title: Timely diagnosis of motor function in children with intrauterine growth retardation and possibilities for its influencing with the aid of physiotherapeutic methods This dissertation focuses on the examination of children with locomotive coordination disorder that were born with the risk of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) in their case history. This work calls attention to notable postural deviations in the 5 th week of life of children that affect their motor development in the first year of life and could be a risk indicator for the emergence of postural deviations typical for children's defective posture (VDT). Aim: to confirm the methodological practice when assessing qualitative indicators of the most serious deviations of locomotive manifestations from physiological development of movement in the 5 th week of a child's life with the aid of developmental kinesiology. To confirm the effectivity of physiotherapeutic methods applied at an early age of the neonate. To emphasize the necessity of timely initiation of physiotherapy before the 3 rd month of a child's life within the framework of complex care for children with the risk of IUGR in their case history. Task: to evaluate the development of symptoms of postural deviations in the first four months of a child's life. To assess..

Specifics of perioperative care for persons with visual disability

Diplomová práce se zaměřuje na specifika péče o osoby se zrakovou disabilitou v souvislosti s operací. Práce je členěna na část teoretickou a část výzkumnou. Podstatou teoretické části je charakteristika vybraných funkcí zraku a příčin jejich poruch. Zároveň se zabývá popisem jednotlivých fází perioperační péče a specifiky u osob se zrakovou disabilitou. Výzkumná část diplomové práce prezentuje data, která jsou součástí kvantitativního výzkumu. Data byla získána pomocí dotazníkového šetření, které se uskutečnilo ve všech nemocnicích České republiky. Výzkum byl doplněn o kvalitativní rozhovor, který byl porovnáván s kvantitativními odpověďmi. Výsledky jsou zpracovány v tabulkách a grafech, shrnuty v diskuzi a v závěrečné části práce.This thesis focuses on the specifics of care for people with visual disability in connection with surgery. Thesis is divided between theoretic part and research part. The essence of the theoretical part is characteristic of selected functions of the vision and causes of it's disabilities. It also describes the various phases of perioperative care and specifics of the care for people suffering from visual disability. The research part of the thesis presents data that are part of quantitative research. Data were obtained through a questionnaire survey, which took place in all hospitals in Czech Republic. The research was supplemented by qualitative interview, which was compared with quantitative answers. The results are presented in tables, graphs and summarized in the discussion in the final part of the thesis.Katedra porodní asistence a zdravotně sociální práceHodnocení vedoucího: velmi dobře Hodnocení oponenta: velmi dobře Doplňující otázky k obhajobě: 1. Popište prosím, jak probíhal náhodný výběr respondenta na kvalitativní část výzkumu. 2. Vysvětlete prosím, na co přesně se ptala otázka číslo tři? 3. V čem vidíte přínos práce pro praxi a jaké byste navrhovala další zpracování tématu? Obhajoba bakalářské práce s prezentací dobrá

Rape Incidents at the Beginning of the 20th Century in the Judicial District of the Regional Court in Chrudim

Diplomová práce se zabývá problematikou trestného činu znásilnění, které analyzuje na základně trestních pramenů pocházejících z fondu Krajského soudu v Chrudimi v letech 1912 - 1915. V rámci badatelské sondy bylo zjištěno 33 případů, které jsou jednotlivě stručně představeny a poté detailně analyzovány. Z výsledků bádání byla vytvořena rozsáhla statistika, ze které je patrné, jaká byla profese pachatelů a jejich obětí, jaký byl vztah pachatele a jeho oběti, jaká byla výše trestů za spáchání tohoto trestného činu, zda šlo o jednorázový akt, nebo o opakované sexuální útoky apod. Diplomová práce také nastiňuje vývoj normativních a legislativních předpisů, které problematiku znásilnění zachycovaly od Starého zákona až po § 180 trestního zákoníku č. 40/2009, což je současný trestní zákon, který kvalifikuje trestný čin znásilnění. Primárním cílem práce je rozklíčovat co nejvíce znaků v obžalovacích spisech, aby bylo možné sestavit detailní statistiku, a tím představit znásilnění jako kriminální patologický jev, který není pouze výdobytkem moderní společnosti.The diploma thesis deals with the issue of the crime of rape, which is being analyzed on the basis of criminal sources from the collection of the Regional Court in Chrudim in the time period of 1912 - 1915. The main purpose of this work is to decipher as many characters as possible in indictment files in order to compile a detailed statistical analysis and thus, present rape as a criminal pathological phenomenon, which is not only a characteristic feature of modern society. A part of the thesis outlines the development of normative and legislative regulations regarding the issue of rape from the Old Testament to the current criminal law qualifying the crime of rape - § 180 of the Criminal code, no. 40/2009. Furthermore, there are 33 identified cases within the research probe, which are briefly presented individually and further analyzed in detail. The following extensive statistics are built upon the research results and are supposed to show: a) professions of perpetrators and their victims, b) the relationship between the perpetrator and his victim(s), c) the amount of penalties for committed crimes and d) whether it was considered a one-time act or a repeated sexual assault.Fakulta filozofická1. Představení tématu DP - prameny, metody, hypotéza, struktura. 2. Seznámení s hodnocením vedoucí DP. 3. Seznámení s hodnocením oponentky DP. 4. Reakce uchazečky. 5. Závěrečná rozprava.Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobo

Modulation of BELL transcription factors balance as a tool for tuberisation strengthening in selected potato cultivars

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is the third most important crop in terms of human consumption. Hence understanding regulatory mechanisms controlling tuber initiation is significant not only from a theoretical but also practical point of view. Tuberization of S. tuberosum is a complex morphogenic process regulated by both, environmental conditions and inner plant status. Environmental conditions regulating the onset of tuberization have been known for a long time, but the molecular basis of tuber initiation has only recently been discovered, in particular using wild subspecies S. tuberosum subsp. andigena. BELL transcription factors are among the important components of the regulatory signalling network. The aim of this study was to modulate balance between the BELL transcription factors that induce and repress tuberization towards strengthening of tuber induction using two cultivars of Solanum tuberosum subsp. tuberosum, cv. Kamýk, resp. cv. Korela. To achieve this, transgenic lines carrying construct containing a part of coding sequence StBEL11, resp. StBEL29 in antisense orientation (AS) under control of constitutive promoters and lines carrying complete sequences of StBEL5 and StPTB6 genes under control of their native promoters were derived. We used the StBEL11 and StBEL29 AS constructs with the aim to..

Symplastic transport and its role in flowering regulation of plants

Katedra experimentální biologie rostlinDepartment of Experimental Plant BiologyPřírodovědecká fakultaFaculty of Scienc