Impact of Informativeness and Social Cues of Medical Crowdfunding Projects on Cognitive Trust and Willingness to Donate

With the rapid development of the Internet and mobile payments, medical crowdfunding is becoming more and more popular. However, the success rate of crowdfunding projects is low, and many patients are unable to raise the money they need to pay for their medical treatment in a timely manner, so how to increase user donation Willingness is a worthwhile research problem. In this paper, from the perspective of website interface design, we take project informativeness as the central route and social cues as the peripheral route to create a research model based on the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM). Around this model we explore how different website design factors on healthcare crowdfunding platforms affect users\u27 perceived trust in the platform and project , which in turn influenced users\u27 willingness to donate. Laboratory experiments were used to obtain data and the data were analyzed by SPSS24.0 and AMOS23.0 software. The results showed that the richer the project informativeness and the presence of social cues positively influenced potential donors\u27 intention to donate,and cognitive trust has a mediating effect on the relationship between them. The results of this study are instructive for fundraisers to conduct efficient fundraising campaigns and for medical crowdfunding platform managers to better manage platforms

Histopathological characteristics of adenomyosis: structure and microstructure

Adenomyosis is a benign uterine disease that pathologically shows endometrial glands and stroma in the myometrium. There are multiple lines of evidence that adenomyosis is associated with abnormal bleeding, painful menstruation, chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and spontaneous pregnancy loss. Pathologists have researched adenomyosis by studying tissue specimens from its first report more than 150 years ago, and differing viewpoints on its pathological alterations have been advanced. However, the gold standard histopathological definition of adenomyosis remains controversial to date. The diagnostic accuracy of adenomyosis has steadily increased due to the continual identification of unique molecular markers. This article provides a brief description of the pathological aspects of adenomyosis and discusses adenomyosis categorization based on histology. The clinical findings of uncommon adenomyosis are also presented to offer a thorough and detailed pathological profile. Furthermore, we describe the histolo

The Impact of Beneficiary Facial Expressions on Donation Intention in Medical Crowdfunding

In recent years, medical crowdfunding has become an emerging and effective way to raise funds for patients with severe illness and their families, and has solved huge economic problems for many families. This study studies the information expression of medical crowdfunding projects. This study combines the S-O-R model, considered the model of altruistic and egoistic motives for helping, adopted laboratory research methods, studied the effect of the facial expressions of beneficiary on individual donate intention. The results showed that individual altruism and guilt can positively influence individual donate intention. The facial expressions of beneficiaries affected both egoistic motivation and altruism motivation at the same time, and there were significant differences in the two types of motivation. In addition, research has found that individual guilt has a moderating effect on altruism. This study enriched the research of the SOR model and the altruistic and self-interest motivation model in the context of medical crowdfunding, at the same time studied the impact of facial expressions on personal motivation to provide recommendations for medical crowdfunding content writing

A cooperative domain model for multiple phase transitions and complex conformational relaxations in polymers with shape memory effect

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are thermo-rheologically complex materials showing significant temperature and time dependences. Their segments often undergo cooperative phase transitions and conformational relaxations simultaneously along with shape memory effect (SME). In this study, a cooperative domain model is proposed to describe the composition dependence, multiple phase transitions and conformational relaxations of SMPs within their glass transition zones. Variations in local-area compositions and cooperative domains of the amorphous SMPs cause significant differences in their segmental relaxation. At a fixed domain size, both intermolecular activation energy and relaxation time significantly influence the SME and thermomechanical properties of the SMPs. Finally, the model is successfully applied to predict the shape memory behavior of SMPs with one stage SME and triple-SME, and the theoretical results have been validated by the experimental ones. This model could be a powerful tool to understand the working mechanisms and provide a theoretical guidance for the designs of multi-SME in SMPs

Modeling strategy for dynamic-modal mechanophore in double-network hydrogel composites with self-growing and tailorable mechanical strength

Smart materials with self-growing and tailorable mechanical strength have wide-range potential applications in self-healing, self-repairing, self-assembly, artificial muscle, soft robots and intelligent devices. However, their working mechanisms and principles are not fully understood yet and mathematically and physical modeling is a huge challenge, as traditionally synthesized materials cannot self-grow and reconstruct themselves once formed or deformed. In this study, a phenomenological constitutive model was developed to investigate the working mechanisms of self-growing and tailorable mechanical strength in double-network (DN) hydrogel composites, induced by mechanochemical transduction of dynamic-modal mechanophore. An extended Maxwell model was firstly employed to characterize the mechanical unzipping of hydrogel composites, and then mechanochemically induced destruction and reconstruction processes of brittle network in the hydrogel composite were formulated. The enhanced mechanical strength of brittle network has been identified as the key driving force to generate self-growing and tailorable mechanical strength in the hydrogel composite. Finally, a stress-strain constitutive relationship was developed for the dynamic-modal mechanophorein the hydrogel composite. Simulation results obtained from the proposed model were compared with the experimental data, and a good agreement has been achieved. This study provides an effective strategy for modelling and exploring the working mechanism in the mechanoresponsive DN hydrogel composites with self-growing and tailorable mechanical strength

Anchoring-mediated topology signature of self-assembled elastomers undergoing mechanochromic coupling/decoupling

Soft elastomers with their ability to integrate strain-adaptive stiffening and coloration have recently received significant research attention for application in artificial muscle and active camouflage. However, there is a lack of theoretical understanding of their complex molecular dynamics and mechanochromic coupling/decoupling. In this study, a topological dynamics model is proposed to understand the anchoring-mediated topology signature of self-assembled elastomers. Based on the constrained molecular junction model, a free-energy function is firstly formulated to describe the working principles of strain-adaptive stiffening and coloration in the self-assembled elastomer. A coupled ternary “rock-paper-scissors” model is proposed to describe the topological dynamics of self-assembly, mechanochromic coupling and mechanoresponsive stiffening of the self-assembled elastomers, in which there are three fractal geometry components in the topology network. Finally, the proposed models are verified using the experimental results reported in the literature. This study provides a fundamental approach to understand the working mechanism and topological dynamics in the self-assembled elastomers, with molecularly encoded stiffening and coloration

A dynamic model of complexly mechanoresponsive chain-poly[n]-catenations in double-network polyampholyte hydrogels

Polyampholytes have been widely used to improve mechanical performance of double-network (DN) hydrogels, however, the complex mechanisms of electric charge reactions and chain catenations have not been well understood. In this study, a collective and cooperative model is developed to describe the dynamics and constitutive relationships of complexly mechanoresponsive chain-poly[n]-catenations in polyampholyte DN hydrogels. The freely jointed chain (FJC) model and Flory-Huggins theory are firstly employed to formulate mechanochemical behaviors of the DN hydrogels, in which the stretchable network undergoes a folding-to-unfolding transition and the brittle one undergoes a reversibly mechanochemical transition. The worm like chain (WLC) model is then introduced to describe the chain-poly[n]-catenations, of which the strong and weak ionic bonds have been modeled based on the entanglement and dangling effects, respectively. Finally, a free-energy equation is developed to describe their collective and cooperative dynamics. Effectiveness of the newly proposed model is verified by applying it to predict the experimental results of the polyampholyte DN hydrogels reported in literature

Understanding complex dynamics of interfacial reconstruction in polyampholyte hydrogels undergoing mechano-chemo-electrotaxis coupling

Polyampholyte (PA) hydrogels have attracted significant attention for their superior mechanical strength and toughness compared with other conventional hydrogels. In this study, we present a novel thermodynamic approach to understanding the mechano-chemo-electrotaxis coupling and interfacial dynamics in PA hydrogels. Flory–Huggins theory, carried out through an interfacial free-energy model, is the foundation for the quantitative study of the mechanically constitutive relationship of the PA gels. The proposed free-energy model is further extended to describe the mechano-chemo-electrotaxis switching and interfacial dynamics by co-relating the Williams–Landel–Ferry equation and scaling laws. It was concluded that the interfacial bonding strength is the key factor influencing the mechanical strength and reconstruction reversibility of the PA macromolecular gel system. The resulting analytical outcomes showed good agreement with the reported experimental data. We opine that the proposed model will guide the future application of PA hydrogels

Local conservation law of rubber elasticity in hydrogel networks undergoing microphase separation and toughening

Thermoresponsive polymer segments have been reported to induce lateral microphase separations due to their switching transitions from a hydrophilic state to a hydrophobic one in hydrogels, which result in shrinkage and collapse of the polymer networks and significantly improved mechanical strength. However, the route from which the hydrophobic segments are assembled into micelles during microphase separations, and their thermoresponsive toughening mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, a local conservation law of rubber elasticity is firstly formulated to describe the micellization and collapse of polymer networks in hydrogels, during which the thermoresponsive segments undergo a microphase separation. Flory-Huggins theory, interfacial free-energy equation and the extended Maxwell model are then employed to model the thermodynamics of micellization and microphase separations in the hydrogel, in which the polymer networks are composed of both hydrophilic and thermoresponsive segments. The toughening mechanism is further explored and discussed based on the proposed models. Finally, the proposed models have been verified using the experimental results reported in the literature. This study provides a new mechanism of local conservation law for rubber elasticity in hydrogels and also critical insights into the physical principles which govern the molecular self-assembly

Cooperative dynamics of heuristic swelling and inhibitive micellization in double-network hydrogels by ionic dissociation of polyelectrolyte

In this study, a cooperative model has been proposed for the double network (DN) hydrogel, which synchronously undergoes heuristic swelling and inhibitive micellization by the ionic dissociation of polyelectrolyte. Flory-Huggins solution theory is initially employed to identify the working mechanism of dielectric constants on swelling behavior of the DN hydrogel. Then a free-energy function is introduced to formulate the constitutive relationship of the DN hydrogels, in which the first hydrotropic network undergoes a heuristic swelling and the second hydrophobic network undergoes an inhibitive micellization. Finally, the proposed model has been verified using the experimental results reported in the literature. A good agreement between the theoretical results and experimental ones has been achieved. This study provides a fundamental approach to formulate the constitutive relationship and to understand the cooperative dynamics of two types of networks in DN hydrogels induced by the polyelectrolyte