883 research outputs found
Fractional differential equations of multiphase hereditary materials and exact mechanical models
Creep and relaxation tests, performed on various materials like polymers, rubbers
and so on are well-tted by power-laws with exponent 2 [0; 1] (Nutting (1921), Di Paola et
al. (2011)). The consequence of this observation is that the stress-strain relation of hereditary
materials is ruled by fractional operators (Scott Blair (1947), Slonimsky (1961)). A large amount
of researches have been performed in the second part of the last century with the aim to connect
constitutive fractional relations with some mechanical models by means of fractance trees and
ladders (see Podlubny (1999)). Recently, Di Paola and Zingales (2012) proposed a mechanical
model that corresponds to fractional stress-strain relation with any real exponent and they have
proposed a description of above model (Di Paola et al. (2012)). In this study the authors aim
to extend the study to cases with more fractional phases and to fractional Kelvin-Voigt model
of hereditariness
Multi-objective optimization of nitinol stent design
Nitinol stents continuously experience loadings due to pulsatile pressure, thus a given stent design should possess an adequate fatigue strength and, at the same time, it should guarantee a sufficient vessel scaffolding. The present study proposes an optimization framework aiming at increasing the fatigue life reducing the maximum strut strain along the structure through a local modification of the strut profile.The adopted computational framework relies on nonlinear structural finite element analysis combined with a Multi Objective Genetic Algorithm, based on Kriging response surfaces. In particular, such an approach is used to investigate the design optimization of planar stent cell.The results of the strut profile optimization confirm the key role of a tapered strut design to enhance the stent fatigue strength, suggesting that it is possible to achieve a marked improvement of both the fatigue safety factor and the scaffolding capability simultaneously. The present study underlines the value of advanced engineering tools to optimize the design of medical devices
Fractional multiphase hereditary materials: Mellin Transforms and Multi-Scale Fractances
The rheological features of several complex organic natural tissues such as bones, muscles as well as of complex artificial polymers are well described by power-laws. Indeed, it is well-established that the time-dependence of the stress and the strain in relaxation/creep test may be well captured by power-laws with exponent β ∈ [0, 1]. In this context a generalization of linear springs and linear dashpots has been introduced in scientific literature in terms of a mechanical device dubbed spring-pot. Recently the authors introduced a mechanical analogue to spring-pot built upon a proper arrangements of springs and dashpots that results in Elasto-Viscous (EV) materials, as β ∈ [0, 1/2] and Visco-Elastic ones, as β ∈ [1/2, 1]. In this paper the authors will discuss the rheological description of the presence of multiple material phases that is highlighted by a linear combination of power-laws in the relaxation function G(t) with different exponents. Such rehological model is represented by a linear combination of fractional derivatives with different order and the inverse relations have been formulated in terms of the complex method Mellin transform. Additionally an alternative representation of direct and inverse relations of multi-phase fractional hereditary materials based on the exact mechanical description of spring-pot element will be discussed in the course of the paper
Power-Laws hereditariness of biomimetic ceramics for cranioplasty neurosurgery
We discuss the hereditary behavior of hydroxyapatite-based composites used for cranioplasty surgery in the context of material isotropy. We classify mixtures of collagen and hydroxiapatite composites as biomimetic ceramic composites with hereditary properties modeled by fractional-order calculus. We assume isotropy of the biomimetic ceramic is assumed and provide thermodynamic of restrictions for the material parameters. We exploit the proposed formulation of the fractional-order isotropic hereditariness further by means of a novel mechanical hierarchy corresponding exactly to the three-dimensional fractional-order constitutive model introduced
Drug discovery for Chagas disease should consider Trypanosoma cruzi strain diversity.
This opinion piece presents an approach to standardisation of an important aspect of Chagas disease drug discovery and development: selecting Trypanosoma cruzi strains for in vitro screening. We discuss the rationale for strain selection representing T. cruzi diversity and provide recommendations on the preferred parasite stage for drug discovery, T. cruzi discrete typing units to include in the panel of strains and the number of strains/clones for primary screens and lead compounds. We also consider experimental approaches for in vitro drug assays. The Figure illustrates the current Chagas disease drug-discovery and development landscape
The GAPS Programme at TNG. LIII. New insights on the peculiar XO-2 system
Planets in binary systems are a fascinating and yet poorly understood
phenomenon. Since there are only a few known large-separation systems in which
both components host planets, characterizing them is a key target for planetary
science. In this paper, we aim to carry out an exhaustive analysis of the
interesting XO-2 system, where one component appears to be a system with only
one planet, while the other has at least three planets. Over the last 9 years,
we have collected 39 spectra of XO-2N and 106 spectra of XO-2S with the High
Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher for the Northern emisphere (HARPS-N)
in the framework of the Global Architecture of Planetary Systems project, from
which we derived precise radial velocity and activity indicator measurements.
Additional spectroscopic data from the High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer and
from the High Dispersion Spectrograph, and the older HARPS-N data presented in
previous papers, have also been used to increase the total time span. We also
used photometric data from TESS to search for potential transits that have not
been detected yet. For our analysis, we mainly used PyORBIT, an advanced Python
tool for the Bayesian analysis of RVs, activity indicators, and light curves.
We found evidence for an additional long-period planet around XO-2S and
characterized the activity cycle likely responsible for the long-term RV trend
noticed for XO-2N. The new candidate is an example of a Jovian analog with
M, au, and . We also analyzed the
stability and detection limits to get some hints about the possible presence of
additional planets. Our results show that the planetary system of XO-2S is at
least one order of magnitude more massive than that of XO-2N. The implications
of these findings for the interpretation of the previously known abundance
difference between components are also discussed
Auxin production by the plant trypanosomatid Phytomonas\ud serpens and auxin homoeostasis in infected tomato fruits
Previously we have characterized the complete gene encoding a pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC)/indolepyruvate\ud
decarboxylase (IPDC) of Phytomonas serpens, a trypanosomatid highly abundant in tomato fruits. Phylogenetic analyses\ud
indicated that the clade that contains the trypanosomatid protein behaves as a sister group of IPDCs of γ-proteobacteria.\ud
Since IPDCs are key enzymes in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the ability for IAA\ud
production by P. serpens was investigated. Similar to many microorganisms, the production of IAA and related indolic\ud
compounds, quantified by high performance liquid chromatography, increased inP. serpens media in response to amounts\ud
of tryptophan. The auxin functionality was confirmed in the hypocotyl elongation assay. In tomato fruits inoculated with\ud
P. serpensthe concentration of free IAA had no significant variation, whereas increased levels of IAA-amide and IAA-ester\ud
conjugates were observed. The data suggest that the auxin produced by the flagellate is converted to IAA conjugates,\ud
keeping unaltered the concentration of free IAA. Ethanol also accumulated inP. serpens-conditioned media, as the result of\ud
a PDC activity. In the article we discuss the hypothesis of the bifunctionality of P. serpens PDC/IPDC and provide a\ud
three-dimensional model of the enzyme.FAPESP) (grant number 2010/50957-1)(CNPq) (grant number 304793/2009-4)FAPESP (grant number 2008/50209-5
Orbital obliquity of the young planet TOI-5398 b and the evolutionary history of the system
Multi-planet systems exhibit remarkable architectural diversity. However, short-period giant planets are typically isolated. Compact systems like TOI-5398, with an outer close-orbit giant and an inner small-size planet, are rare among systems containing short-period giants. TOI-5398's unusual architecture coupled with its young age (650 +/- 150 Myr) make it a promising system for measuring the original obliquity between the orbital axis of the giant and the stellar spin axis in order to gain insight into its formation and orbital migration. We collected in-transit (plus suitable off-transit) observations of TOI-5398 b with HARPS-N at TNG on March 25, 2023, obtaining high-precision radial velocity time series that allowed us to measure the Rossiter-McLaughlin (RM) effect. By modelling the RM effect, we obtained a sky-projected obliquity of lambda = 3.0(-4.2)(+6.8) deg for TOI-5398 b, consistent with the planet being aligned. With knowledge of the stellar rotation period, we estimated the true 3D obliquity, finding psi = (13.2 +/- 8.2) deg. Based on theoretical considerations, the orientation we measure is unaffected by tidal effects, offering a direct diagnostic for understanding the formation path of this planetary system. The orbital characteristics of TOI-5398, with its compact architecture, eccentricity consistent with circular orbits, and hints of orbital alignment, appear more compatible with the disc-driven migration scenario. TOI-5398, with its relative youth (compared with similar compact systems) and exceptional suitability for transmission spectroscopy studies, presents an outstanding opportunity to establish a benchmark for exploring the disc-driven migration model
Cytokine Production but Lack of Proliferation in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Chronic Chagas' Disease Cardiomyopathy Patients in Response to T. cruzi Ribosomal P Proteins
Background:Trypanosoma cruzi ribosomal P proteins, P2β and P0, induce high levels of antibodies in patients with chronic Chagas' disease Cardiomyopathy (CCC). It is well known that these antibodies alter the beating rate of cardiomyocytes and provoke apoptosis by their interaction with β1-adrenergic and M2-muscarinic cardiac receptors. Based on these findings, we decided to study the cellular immune response to these proteins in CCC patients compared to non-infected individuals.Methodology/Principal findings:We evaluated proliferation, presence of surface activation markers and cytokine production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated with P2β, the C-terminal portion of P0 (CP0) proteins and T. cruzi lysate from CCC patients predominantly infected with TcVI lineage. PBMC from CCC patients cultured with P2β or CP0 proteins, failed to proliferate and express CD25 and HLA-DR on T cell populations. However, multiplex cytokine assays showed that these antigens triggered higher secretion of IL-10, TNF-α and GM-CSF by PBMC as well as both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells subsets of CCC subjects. Upon T. cruzi lysate stimulation, PBMC from CCC patients not only proliferated but also became activated within the context of Th1 response. Interestingly, T. cruzi lysate was also able to induce the secretion of GM-CSF by CD4+ or CD8+ T cells.Conclusions/Significance:Our results showed that although the lack of PBMC proliferation in CCC patients in response to ribosomal P proteins, the detection of IL-10, TNF-α and GM-CSF suggests that specific T cells could have both immunoregulatory and pro-inflammatory potential, which might modulate the immune response in Chagas' disease. Furthermore, it was possible to demonstrate for the first time that GM-CSF was produced by PBMC of CCC patients in response not only to recombinant ribosomal P proteins but also to parasite lysate, suggesting the value of this cytokine to evaluate T cells responses in T. cruzi infection.Fil: Longhi, Silvia Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Atienza, Augusto. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Ramos Mejía"; ArgentinaFil: Perez Prados, Graciela. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Juan A. Fernández"; ArgentinaFil: Buying, Alcinette. Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies; Estados UnidosFil: Balouz, Virginia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Buscaglia, Carlos Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Santos, Radleigh. Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies; Estados UnidosFil: Tasso, Laura Mónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; ArgentinaFil: Bonato, Ricardo. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Ramos Mejía"; ArgentinaFil: Chiale, Pablo. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Ramos Mejía"; ArgentinaFil: Pinilla, Clemencia. Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies; Estados UnidosFil: Judkowski, Valeria A.. Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies; Estados UnidosFil: Gomez, Karina Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentin
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