The emergence of classical behavior in magnetic adatoms

A wide class of nanomagnets shows striking quantum behavior, known as quantum spin tunneling (QST): instead of two degenerate ground states with opposite magnetizations, a bonding-antibonding pair forms, resulting in a splitting of the ground state doublet with wave functions linear combination of two classically opposite magnetic states, leading to the quenching of their magnetic moment. Here we study how QST is destroyed and classical behavior emerges in the case of magnetic adatoms, as the strength of their coupling, either to the substrate or to each other, is increased. Both spin-substrate and spin-spin coupling renormalize the QST splitting to zero allowing the environmental decoherence to eliminate superpositions between classical states, leading to the emergence of spontaneous magnetization.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Winning the strategic narrative in the Israeli-Palestinian protracted conflict

The purpose of this thesis is to identify the reasons for Israeli and Palestinian religious objections to peaceful co-existence in a two-state solution to the conflict over the land between the Jordan River and Mediterranean Sea. Developing an understanding of the basic religious requirements and precedents, while consistently considering religious impact in politics, may help to open dialogue between Jewish Gush Emunim and Muslim Palestinian Hamas, strong opponents to land compromise. Arguments by Gush Emunim and Hamas from the two major religious works, the Jewish Tanakh and the Muslim Qur’an, and associated commentaries, the Jewish Talmud and Muslim Hadith, are compared and evaluated for religious insights into the disputed areas. Contemporary interpretations of each major writing and political objections based on religious argumentation create a strong context for modern conflict. The requirements and precedents for peace that come from religious texts also promote open dialogue. This thesis suggests ways to open dialogue between the Israeli and Palestinian cultures, comparing religious texts, interpretations, and concepts, in an effort to promote peaceful co-existence and build an effective strategic narrative.http://archive.org/details/winningstrategic1094529615Major, United States ArmyApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited

A Study of the Personality Characteristics of Patients in Methadone Maintenance Programs

Estimates of the number of heroin addicts in the United States vary between 200,000 and 500,000. Although differences of opinion exist as to the numbers of heroin addicts, there is little argument about the cost of supporting their addiction. Hundreds of millions of dollars are lost each year through criminal activities perpetrated to support addictions. No price can be assessed for the addict\u27s misery, suffering, poor health, and even sometimes his untimely death

Analysis and Comparison of the Fade Phenomenon in the SFN DAB+ Network With Two and Three Transmitters

Single Frequency Networks (SFN) of transmitters are currently used in television and digital broadcasting to effectively cover large areas using minimal spectral resources and using transmitters with much lower power than if the same area were covered using one transmitter. It is therefore a very ecological solution. In this way, much better reception conditions are obtained in large city areas, as the signal reaches the receiving antenna from different directions, reducing the risk of shading. However, in this type of network one should take into account the loss of signal caused by signal interference. Using the appropriate propagation model, it is possible, with appropriate assumptions, to check how the operation of the third transmitter affects the distribution and size of the deepest fades in relation to the network in which there are two transmitters

Analysis and Comparison of the Fade Phenomenon in the SFN DAB+ Network With Two and Three Transmitters

Single Frequency Networks (SFN) of transmitters are currently used in television and digital broadcasting to effectively cover large areas using minimal spectral resources and using transmitters with much lower power than if the same area were covered using one transmitter. It is therefore a very ecological solution. In this way, much better reception conditions are obtained in large city areas, as the signal reaches the receiving antenna from different directions, reducing the risk of shading. However, in this type of network one should take into account the loss of signal caused by signal interference. Using the appropriate propagation model, it is possible, with appropriate assumptions, to check how the operation of the third transmitter affects the distribution and size of the deepest fades in relation to the network in which there are two transmitters

Systems biology analysis of drivers underlying hallmarks of cancer cell metabolism.

Malignant transformation is often accompanied by significant metabolic changes. To identify drivers underlying these changes, we calculated metabolic flux states for the NCI60 cell line collection and correlated the variance between metabolic states of these lines with their other properties. The analysis revealed a remarkably consistent structure underlying high flux metabolism. The three primary uptake pathways, glucose, glutamine and serine, are each characterized by three features: (1) metabolite uptake sufficient for the stoichiometric requirement to sustain observed growth, (2) overflow metabolism, which scales with excess nutrient uptake over the basal growth requirement, and (3) redox production, which also scales with nutrient uptake but greatly exceeds the requirement for growth. We discovered that resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs in these lines broadly correlates with the amount of glucose uptake. These results support an interpretation of the Warburg effect and glutamine addiction as features of a growth state that provides resistance to metabolic stress through excess redox and energy production. Furthermore, overflow metabolism observed may indicate that mitochondrial catabolic capacity is a key constraint setting an upper limit on the rate of cofactor production possible. These results provide a greater context within which the metabolic alterations in cancer can be understood

Theory of the thermally-stimulated-current transport peak. Application to a dispersive transport case

13 págs.; 6 figs.Thermally-stimulated-current (TSC) technique consists of heating a dielectric, with excess carriers having been introduced. The current flowing under the effect of applied electric field is then recorded as a function of increasing temperature. The current maximum obtained is called a >transport TSC peak> if it appears due to thermally activated transport of carriers initially generated at one electrode and collected at the other. In this paper the transport of carriers, controlled by multiple trapping, is studied when the temperature of the system is increased linearly with time. The general equations for current density in a TSC experiment are obtained and are applied for the cases of a single trap and an exponential trap distribution. The condition for a TSC current maximum, initial rise of current, and partial heating technique are studied in detail. The properties of the transport TSC peak differ considerably from those of the classical TSC; the position of the current maximum and activation energy found from partial heating at the maximum depend on the field applied and on sample thickness. It is also found that there exists a correlation between the transport TSC peak and time-of-flight signal, and the transport parameters found from TSC (activation energy of mobility, parameter of dispersion ±, etc.) correspond to those of the time of flight measurements. The critical trap criterion and concepts of lifetime and transit time are extended to the general case of nonisothermal transport. © 1981 The American Physical Society.Peer Reviewe