Analyses phytochimiques et propriétés des composés bioactifs: amélioration d’une huile végétale par incorporation des extraits de plantes steppiques

La multitude de structures phénoliques qui pourraient être contenus dans un matériel végétal donné, ainsi que leur teneur élevée en polyphénols totaux, permet leur utilisation en tant que facteurs antioxydants efficaces pour les corps gras. Le but de cette recherche est d'évaluer l'efficacité des extraits de deux plantes médicinales préparés à partir de trois solvants différents (EtOH, Ethyacétate et l’eau) dans une huile d'olive algérienne pauvre en antioxydants naturels exposée à une oxydation forcée au rancimat. Les extraits ont été ajoutés à 300, 500 et 900 ppm de niveau d'équivalence phénolique. Après oxydation on réévalue les paramètres physico-chimiques pour suivre la dégradation des échantillons d’huiles sujettes à la thermo-oxydation. Tandis qu’une étape primordiale du dosage des antioxydants tant qu’une évaluation de leur potentiel antioxydant a également été réalisés comme première étape dans les extraits de plantes et de l'huile avant le chauffage, et seulement sur l'huile après le chauffage pour évaluer les la perte en antioxydants intervenant dans le processus antioxydant. Ainsi une teneur élevée en polyphénols totaux (en mg eq AG/g MS) et flavonoïdes (en mg eq CAT/gMS) a était respectivement notée pour l’extrait EtOH/H2O (456,05±8,54, 30,21±0,28) suivi de l’extrait aqueux (424,23±7,79, 46,45±0,11) et l’Ethylacétate (229,76±4,76, 9,13±0,19). Ce qui permet tout de même à l’extrait EtOH/H2O d’avoir le potentiel antioxydant le plus remarquable (IC50= 88,687μg/ml). Les résultats du Rancimat conduisent à conclure qu’une concentration moyenne en extrait pourra avoir des temps d’induction les plus élevés (15h +/- 0,5). Sur la base des analyses statistiques obtenus, il est irréfutable que l'utilisation d’additifs naturels d'origine végétale pour l'enrichissement de lipides (graisses et huiles) et les aliments contenant des lipides est une perspective a considéré afin de prolonger la durée de vie des matières grasses.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Bioactive properties of medicinal plants from the Algerian flora: selecting the species with the highest potential in view of application purposes

The Algerian flora contains a wide variety of plant species with potential to be used in medicinal applications. Herein, the bioactive properties of medicinal plants from Algeria were evaluated to select the species with highest suitability to be used under specific purposes, while scientifically validating their health claims. The antioxidant activity of the infusions was screened by using several tests and cytotoxic properties were evaluated against human tumor cell lines (as also against non-tumor cells). Different hydrophilic bioactive compounds were also quantified. The results were analyzed considering individual variations in each parameter (ANOVA), but also in an aggregated approach by applying principal component analysis to acquire a comprehensive knowledge regarding the overall bioactive potential of the studied species. Limoniastrum guyonianum and Thymus pallescens showed the highest antioxidant activity (EC50 values ranging from 29 to 229 μg/mL and 54 to 240 μg/mL, respectively), whilst Asteriscus graveolens and L. guyonianum gave the best cytotoxicity against human tumor cell lines (GI50 values ranging from 11 to 29 μg/mL and 22 to 70 μg/mL, respectively). T. pallescens stood out as the species with highest bioactive compounds contents (phenols: 463 mg GAE, flavonoids: 194 mg CE, esters; 186 mg CAE; flavonols: 85 mg QE, considering g of lyophilized infusion basis). From a global point of view, T. pallescens, Saccocalyx satureioides and Ptychotis verticillata proved to be the preferable choices as high potential sources of bioactive compounds, while Haloxylon scoparium, L. guyonianum and A. graveolens would be the most suitable matrices considering the bioactivity (especially cytotoxicity) criterion, as inferred from the PCA outputs.The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support to CIMO (PEst-OE/AGR/UI0690/2014), R.C. Calhelha (SFRH/BPD/68344/2010), J.C.M. Barreira (SFRH/BPD/72802/2010) and L. Barros (“Compromisso para a Ciência 2008” contract)

Phenolic compounds characterization by LC-DAD- ESI/MSn and bioactive properties of Thymus algeriensis Boiss. & Reut. and Ephedra alata Decne

Scientific research has been focused on finding natural occurring molecules from plant origin. Herein, infusion, decoction and hydroethanolic extracts of Thymus algeriensis Boiss. & Reut. and Ephedra alata Decne. from Algeria were phytochemically characterized by LC-DAD-ESI-MSn, and evaluated regarding bioactive properties (antioxidant and antibacterial). Flavonol and flavone glycoside derivatives and phenolic acids, specially rosmarinic acid and kaempferol-O-glucuronide were the major compounds in T. algeriensis extracts. Otherwise, E. alata presented isoflavones and flavonol derivatives as main compounds, being hydroxypuerarin isomer 1 the major molecule. Aqueous extracts had significantly higher antioxidant activity, being this activity correlated with the amount of phenolic compounds. Antimicrobial activity of the extracts was tested against multi-resistant bacteria strains from clinical isolates. The obtained MIC values indicate that the hydroethanolic extracts revealed the highest effect, especially the one of T. algeriensis against Gram-positive bacteria. Hence, these plant extracts could be used in the development of bioactive ingredients.The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER under Programme PT2020 for financial support to CIMO (UID/AGR/00690/2013), S. Heleno grant (SFRH/BPD/101413/2014) and L. Barros contract. The authors are also grateful to the Interreg España-Portugal for financial support through the project 0377_Iberphenol_6_E.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Infusions obtained from two medicinal plants as a source of polyphenols with antibacterial activity

Several researches are now oriented towards studying natural molecules of plant origin. In Algeria, many herbs are used as traditional remedies to treat different diseases. In this context, the phenolic compounds of the aqueous extracts, obtained by infusion, of two plant species, Saccocalyx satureioides Coss.& Dur and Limoniastrum guyonianum Boiss., from the Algerian flora, were identified and quantified by HPLC-DADESI/ MS, and their antibacterial activity was evaluated against clinical isolates. The results indicate the presence of several phenolic acids, in particular, derivatives of caffeic acid with glycosylated flavonoids. While for S. satureioides 13 phenolic compounds were identified and the rosmarinic acid was the most abundant phenolic acid, L. guyonianum showed a high abundance of myricetin and derivatives such as myricetin-3-O-glucoside and myricetin-O-rhamnoside among the eight molecules detected. The antibacterial activity of the infusions was significant with MIC values between 2.5 and 20 mg/mL, however, L. guyonianum had the highest activity on all the tested bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most sensitive and the most resistant strains, respectively. Consequently, the studied plant species are sources of natural antibacterial substances that can be used to fight against pathogenic microorganisms.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Profiling polyphenol composition by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn and the antibacterial activity of infusion preparations obtained from four medicinal plants

The infusions of Thymus pallescens Noë, Saccocalyx satureioides Coss. et Dur., Ptychotis verticillata Briq. and Limoniastrum guyonianum Boiss. have been used as medicinal remedies for many diseases in Algerian folk medicine. These species have also been well documented as rich sources of phytochemicals, such as phenolic compounds with wide diversified chemical structures, which exhibit far-ranging biological activities. Thus, the phenolic compound profile of the aqueous extracts, obtained by infusing, of the mentioned species was obtained by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS, and their antibacterial activity was evaluated against clinical isolates. Several phenolic acids were identified and quantified, particularly caffeic acid derivatives along with glycosylated flavonoids. T. pallescens and S. satureioides contain 13 phenolic compounds, where rosmarinic acid was the most abundant phenolic acid present, while L. guyonianum presented myricetin-3-O-glucoside and myricetin-O-rhamnoside as the main compounds among the eight detected molecules. P. verticillata presented a profile of ten phenolic compounds, where 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid was the most abundant phenolic acid, followed by the flavone luteolin-3-O-glucoside. The antibacterial activity of the infusions ranged between 2.5 and 20 mg mL−1 (MIC values), and L. guyonianum showed the highest activity against all of the tested bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa being the most sensitive and resistant strains, respectively. Thus, the studied plant species are sources of natural antibacterial substances that can be used to fight against pathogenic microorganisms.The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER under Programme PT2020 for financial support to CIMO (UID/AGR/00690/2013), S. Heleno (SFRH/BPD/101413/2014) grant and L. Barros contract. The authors are also grateful to the Interreg España- Portugal for financial support through the project 0377_Iberphenol_6_E.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Actividad antimicrobiana de Acacia tortilis en patógenos comensales y microbiota vaginal no patógena

Enquadramento: a vaginose Bacteriana (VB) é a doença infeciosa mais comum do trato vaginal, afeta muitas mulheres em todo o mundo e ocorre quando há um desequilíbrio na microbiota vaginal, ocorrendo diminuição de Lactobacillus 1-4. A Acacia tortilis é conhecida pelas suas propriedades medicinais de entre as quais se destacam a sua atividade antibacteriana e antifúngica. Objetivo: avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana do extrato hidroetanólico de Acacia tortilis em patogénicos vaginais e em microbiota vaginal humana. Metodologia: estudo experimental. O extrato hidroetanólico de A. tortilis foi obtido por um método de maceração com agitação utilizando etanol/ água (80:20 v/v) à temperatura ambiente. A atividade antimicrobiana foi avaliada pelo método da microdiluição e ensaio colorimétrico com cloreto de p-iodonitrotetrazólio (INT). Resultados: o extrato hidroetanólico apresentou valores de concentrações mínimas inibitórias (CMIs) bastante promissoras em microrganismos patogénicos como Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis e Gardenerella vaginalis (1,25 mg/mL). Já para Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a CMI aumentou para 5 mg/mL. Relativamente à microbiota vaginal não-patogénica, os três Lactobacillus testados apresentaram CMIs de 5 mg/mL. Comparando as CMIs dos patogénicos comensais com a microbiota vaginal não patogénica comensal, verificamos que para uma concentração de 2,5 mg/mL de extrato, foram inibidos alguns patogénicos comensais como Gardenerella vaginalis, Proteus mirabilis e Escherichia coli, no entanto, os Lactobacillus (casei, plantarum , delbrueckii subs. bulgaricus LMG) testados não sofreram inibição. Conclusão: o extrato hidroetanólico de Acacia tortilis inibiu o crescimento de alguns patogénicos comensais sem afetar o crescimento da microbiota vaginal não patogénica (Lactobacillus).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Phenolic profiling, biological activities and in silico studies of Acacia tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne ssp. raddiana extracts

The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support through national funds FCT/MCTES to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020). L. Barros and R. C. Calhelha thank the national funding by the FCT, P.I., through the institutional scientific employment program-contract for their contracts. M. Carocho also thanks the project ValorNatural for his research contract. The authors are also grateful to the FEDER-Interreg España- Portugal programme for financial support through the project 0377_Iberphenol_6_E.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS screening of phytochemical compounds and the bioactive properties of different plant parts of: Zizyphus lotus (L.) Desf.

Zizyphus lotus L. (Desf.) has been widely used as a homemade ingredient to treat numerous diseases in Algerian folk medicine. In this context, decoction, infusion and hydroethanolic extracts were prepared from the branches, leaves, roots, and stem barks. The extracts were characterized regarding their phytochemical composition by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn and were assessed for in vitro bioactivity (cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory activity, and antibacterial activity). A total of 29 compounds (flavonoid derivatives and secoiridoids) were identified in Z. lotus, 15 being detected in leaves, 10 in branches, 5 in roots and 7 in stem barks. The highest contents of these compounds, especially secoiridoids, were detected in branches followed by leaves, oleuropein being the main compound detected in leaves and oleoside in branches. The aqueous preparations of the leaves and root barks revealed the highest cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory potential. On the other hand, as for the antibacterial activity, the hydroethanolic extract of the branches showed the highest potential, especially against the MSSA strain. Hence, the chemical diversity found in Z. lotus makes it a source of bioactive ingredients that can be applied in the formulations of different ingredients in the food and pharmaceutical industries.The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER under Program PT2020 for financial support to CIMO (UID/AGR/00690/2019); to the national funding by FCT, P. I., through the institutional scientific employment program-contract for L. Barros and R. Calhelha and through the individual scientific employment program-contract for S. A. Heleno; to the University of Mostaganem and MESRS of Algeria for the financial support that allowed to achieve this work; and also to the Interreg España-Portugal for financial support through the project 0377_Iberphenol_6_E.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Food preservative extracts from pumpkin by-products

Pumpkin is a vegetable widely consumed around the world, popularly known for its nutritional and pharmacological properties. Some reports in the literature reveal the rich profile of nutrients and bioactive compounds of pumpkin varieties [1,2]. However, the seeds, peels, and fibers resulting from pumpkin processing are still poorly explored by food industry. Considering the alarming scenario of losses and waste during all the food supply chain worldwide [3] and seeking to promote a more sustainable food system, the present study purposed to investigate the by-products of different varieties of pumpkin as a source of extracts with preservative capacity for food application. For that purpose, hydroethanolic extracts from the varieties “Butternut squash”, “Common pumpkin”, and “Kabocha squash” from Portugal, and “Butternut squash”, “Common pumpkin”, and “Musquée de provence” from Algeria, were evaluated in terms of their bioactivities, more specifically the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic capacities. All the samples presented great antioxidant capacity through two based-cell assays, namely the lipid peroxidation inhibition capacity (TBARS) and the anti-hemolytic activity (OxHLIA). Interestingly, the seeds of the common pumpkin from Algeria did not present antihemolytic properties, despite showing the strongest lipid peroxidation inhibition capacity. In fact, the seeds stood out for all the pumpkin varieties in the TBARS assay, while in the OxHLIA assay, the results were quite similar between the type of bioresidues and between the varieties. Moreover, the samples from Portugal showed greater antioxidant capacity than the Algerian ones. Regarding cytotoxicity, the effect of inhibiting non-tumor cell growth was not observed, even at the highest tested concentration of 400 μg/mL. This first validation is of great importance to prevent food safety issues. These preliminary results are the basis for future studies aiming at the valorization of these bioresidues from food industry as a great source of preservative compounds toward the replacement of synthetic additives with natural alternatives allied to health benefits, as also the promotion of a circular economyThe authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support through national funds FCT/MCTES to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020); national funding by FCT, P.I., through the institutional scientific employment program-contract for C. Pereira and L. Barros contracts and A.K. Molina and M.G. Leichtweis PhD grants (2020.06231.BD and 2020.06706.BD, respectively). To FCT, P.I., within the scope of the Project PRIMA Section 2 - Multi-topic 2019: PulpIng (PRIMA/0007/2019).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Hemi-synthesis of novel (S)-carvone hydrazone from Carum carvi L. essential oils: structural and crystal characterization, targeted bioassays and molecular docking on human protein kinase (CK2) and Epidermal Growth factor Kinase (EGFK)

Polyfunctional N,O,O,N-type ligands such as the oxalyl dihydrazide (ODH) may induce formation of mono- , di-, and polynuclear complexes with natural monoterpene ketones, involving ligand bridging and Oxo- bridging. In this context, a novel chiral dihydrazone is designed through hemi-synthesis process by re- acting oxalyldihydrazide (ODH) with ( s )-carvone, the major compound of caraway’s seeds essential oil. The C = N imine bi-condensation is performed without prior isolation of the natural ( s )-carvone and the resulting ( s )-carvone dihydrazone (s-CHD) is structurally characterized by Single-crystal X-ray diffrac- tion, 2D-NMR spectroscopy and chiral LCMS analysis to confirm the formation of a single pure enan- tiomer. In -vitro cell-based assays were conducted on normal fibroblast (L929) using a presBlue (PB) flu- orescence quantification method of cell-viability and by sulforhodamine B calorimetric cytotoxicity as- says to determine the anti-proliferative effect on four human tumoral lines (NCI-H460, Hela, HepG2 and MCF-7) and normal PLP2. Anti-inflammatory assays were determined through NO production by Maurine LPS-stimulated macrophages (RAW 264.7). The ( s )-CHD has no effect on normal cells viability ( > 88%) and PLP2 (GI50 = 326 ug/mL), while a moderate ( ∼55%) to significant ( ∼63%) antigrowth potential was recorded against HepG2, Hela and MCF-7 tumor cell lines, where RAW 264.7 was feebly sensitive. A molecular docking was performed using Autodock vina software on the protein kinase CK2 and Epi- dermal Growth factor Kinase proteins EGFK and the dock scores allowed to identify significant bind- ing affinities (lower G and Ki values) and potential hydrophilic/hydrophobic interactions with ( s )-CHD comparing to the clinical ellipticine as potential ligands. Molecular docking suggests that ( s )-CHD pos- sesses high affinity towards the kinase domain receptors CK2 and EGFR, being able to bind to the ATP region.Thanks are due to the Research Center Scientific and Technical in Analyzes Physico-Chimiques CRAPC Algerian Directorate for research DGRSDT for the financial support. The authors thanks Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FC&T, Lisbon) for financial support through projects PTDC/MEC–ONC/29327/2017 and PTDC/EQU-EQU/32473/2017. We are thankful to NOVA University of Lisbon (FCT/UNL) for the financial support from Erasmus + EU international credit mobility 2017–2019. the laboratory for Green Chemistry LAQV-REQUIMTE FCT/MCTES (UID/QUI/50006/2019) is co-financed by the ERDF and the chemistry department for providing the instruments support.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio