7,492 research outputs found
Recommended from our members
Modeling and simulating of reservoir operation using the artificial neural network, support vector regression, deep learning algorithm
Reservoirs and dams are vital human-built infrastructures that play essential roles in flood control, hydroelectric power generation, water supply, navigation, and other functions. The realization of those functions requires efficient reservoir operation, and the effective controls on the outflow from a reservoir or dam. Over the last decade, artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have become increasingly popular in the field of streamflow forecasts, reservoir operation planning and scheduling approaches. In this study, three AI models, namely, the backpropagation (BP) neural network, support vector regression (SVR) technique, and long short-term memory (LSTM) model, are employed to simulate reservoir operation at monthly, daily, and hourly time scales, using approximately 30 years of historical reservoir operation records. This study aims to summarize the influence of the parameter settings on model performance and to explore the applicability of the LSTM model to reservoir operation simulation. The results show the following: (1) for the BP neural network and LSTM model, the effects of the number of maximum iterations on model performance should be prioritized; for the SVR model, the simulation performance is directly related to the selection of the kernel function, and sigmoid and RBF kernel functions should be prioritized; (2) the BP neural network and SVR are suitable for the model to learn the operation rules of a reservoir from a small amount of data; and (3) the LSTM model is able to effectively reduce the time consumption and memory storage required by other AI models, and demonstrate good capability in simulating low-flow conditions and the outflow curve for the peak operation period
Active optical clock based on four-level quantum system
Active optical clock, a new conception of atomic clock, has been proposed
recently. In this report, we propose a scheme of active optical clock based on
four-level quantum system. The final accuracy and stability of two-level
quantum system are limited by second-order Doppler shift of thermal atomic
beam. To three-level quantum system, they are mainly limited by light shift of
pumping laser field. These limitations can be avoided effectively by applying
the scheme proposed here. Rubidium atom four-level quantum system, as a typical
example, is discussed in this paper. The population inversion between
and states can be built up at a time scale of s.
With the mechanism of active optical clock, in which the cavity mode linewidth
is much wider than that of the laser gain profile, it can output a laser with
quantum-limited linewidth narrower than 1 Hz in theory. An experimental
configuration is designed to realize this active optical clock.Comment: 5 page
The 7-channel FIR HCN Interferometer on J-TEXT Tokamak
A seven-channel far-infrared hydrogen cyanide (HCN) laser interferometer has
been established aiming to provide the line integrated plasma density for the
J-TEXT experimental scenarios. A continuous wave glow discharge HCN laser
designed with a cavity length 3.4 m is used as the laser source with a
wavelength of 337 {\mu}m and an output power up to 100 mW. The system is
configured as a Mach-Zehnder type interferometer. Phase modulation is achieved
by a rotating grating, with a modulation frequency of 10 kHz which corresponds
to the temporal resolution of 0.1 ms. The beat signal is detected by TGS
detector. The phase shift induced by the plasma is derived by the comparator
with a phase sensitivity of 0.06 fringe. The experimental results measured by
the J-TEXT interferometer are presented in details. In addition, the inversed
electron density profile done by a conventional approach is also given. The
kinematic viscosity of dimethyl silicone and vibration control is key issues
for the system performance. The laser power stability under different kinematic
viscosity of silicone oil is presented. A visible improvement of measured
result on vibration reduction is shown in the paper.Comment: conference (15th-International Symposium on Laser-Aided Plasma
Diagnostics
Deconfinement Phase Transition in an Expanding Quark system in Relaxation Time Approximation
We investigated the effects of nonequilibrium and collision terms on the
deconfinement phase transition of an expanding quark system in Friedberg-Lee
model in relaxation time approximation. By calculating the effective quark
potential, the critical temperature of the phase transition is dominated by the
mean field, while the collisions among quarks and mesons change the time
structure of the phase transition significantly.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure
Microbial decomposition processes and vulnerable arctic soil organic carbon in the 21st century
Various levels of representations of biogeochemical processes in current
biogeochemistry models contribute to a large uncertainty in carbon budget
quantification. Here, we present an uncertainty analysis with a process-based
biogeochemistry model, the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM), into which detailed microbial mechanisms were incorporated. Ensemble regional simulations with
the new model (MIC-TEM) estimated that the carbon budget of the arctic
ecosystems is 76.0±114.8 Pg C during the 20th century, i.e., −3.1±61.7 Pg C under the RCP 2.6 scenario and 94.7±46 Pg C under the RCP
8.5 scenario during the 21st century. Positive values indicate the regional
carbon sink while negative values are a source to the atmosphere. Compared to
the estimates using a simpler soil decomposition algorithm in TEM, the new
model estimated that the arctic terrestrial ecosystems stored 12 Pg less
carbon over the 20th century, i.e., 19 and 30 Pg C less under the RCP 8.5
and RCP 2.6 scenarios, respectively, during the 21st century. When soil
carbon within depths of 30, 100, and 300 cm was considered as initial carbon
in the 21st century simulations, the region was estimated to accumulate 65.4,
88.6, and 109.8 Pg C, respectively, under the RCP 8.5 scenario. In
contrast, under the RCP 2.6 scenario, the region lost 0.7, 2.2, and 3 Pg C,
respectively, to the atmosphere. We conclude that the future regional carbon
budget evaluation largely depends on whether or not adequate microbial
activities are represented in earth system models and on the sizes of soil
carbon considered in model simulations.</p
Microwave Quantum Illumination with Correlation-To-Displacement Conversion
Entanglement is vulnerable to degradation in a noisy sensing scenario, but surprisingly, the quantum illumination protocol has demonstrated that its advantage can survive. However, designing a measurement system that realizes this advantage is challenging since the information is hidden in the weak correlation embedded in the noise at the receiver side. Recent progress in a correlation-to-displacement conversion module provides a route towards an optimal protocol for practical microwave quantum illumination. In this work, we extend the conversion module to accommodate experimental imperfections that are ubiquitous in microwave systems. To mitigate loss, we propose amplification of the return signals. In the case of ideal amplification, the entire six-decibel error-exponent advantage in target detection error can be maintained. However, in the case of noisy amplification, this advantage is reduced to three decibels. We analyze the quantum advantage under different scenarios with a Kennedy receiver in the final measurement. In the ideal case, the performance still achieves the optimal one over a fairly large range of error probability with only on-off detection. Empowered by photon-number-resolving detectors, the performance is further improved and also analyzed in terms of receiver operating characteristic curves. Our findings pave the way for the development of practical microwave quantum illumination systems
Reaction mechanism analysis of the Al2O3 in blast furnace (BF) slag
Al2O3 is one of the main component in blast furnace (BF) slag, which the reaction mechanism influence on the metallurgical performance directly in the process of the slag forming. In the paper, ΔGfθ was used to analyzed the slag formation reaction process of the Al2O3, at the same time, the phase diagram and activity were calculated by Fact-Sage with CaO - MgO – SiO2 - Al2O3 slag system, it can be found that the complete liquid phase region temperature is about 1 500°C and the content of the Al2O3 is 11%. Activity of CaO is stronger than the others, from which the liquid phase can be formed easily in the high temperature, meantime the reaction energy barrier between CaO and SiO2 is lower and stabilization of the product is better. By the high temperature experiment, a lot of Ca2Al2SiO7 was separated out with the high content of Al2O3 and slag basicity, as a result, the transformation of the solid phase to the liquid phase was effected by the constantly increasing the content of Al2O3
- …