109 research outputs found
Pattern Research Project: An Investigation of The Pattern And Printing Process - Pietra Dura
The Pattern Research Project involves research and analysis of contemporary patterns found in the textiles and wallcoverings of the built interior environment. Patterns use motif, repetition, color, geometry, craft, technology, and space to communicate place, time, and concept. Through this research and analysis, built environments - their designers, occupants, construction, and context - can be better understood.
Zichen Zhou, VCU Interior Design BFA 2022, selected the Pietra Dura for the 2019 Pattern Research Project. The text below is excerpted from the student’s work:
The pattern was based on the Italian Renaissance concepts in which geometry and design elements are fused with one another forming a unique new direction in design. The designer said his design is not a copy of anything. It is based on the spirit of those Italian Renaissance concepts .https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/prp/1034/thumbnail.jp
Thermomechanical response of metallic sandwich tubes with prismatic cores considering active cooling
Comparative genomics and DNA methylation analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate PA3 by single-molecule real-time sequencing reveals new targets for antimicrobials
IntroductionPseudomonas aeruginosa (P.aeruginosa) is an important opportunistic pathogen with broad environmental adaptability and complex drug resistance. Single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing technique has longer read-length sequences, more accuracy, and the ability to identify epigenetic DNA alterations.MethodsThis study applied SMRT technology to sequence a clinical strain P. aeruginosa PA3 to obtain its genome sequence and methylation modification information. Genomic, comparative, pan-genomic, and epigenetic analyses of PA3 were conducted.ResultsGeneral genome annotations of PA3 were discovered, as well as information about virulence factors, regulatory proteins (RPs), secreted proteins, type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) pairs, and genomic islands. A genome-wide comparison revealed that PA3 was comparable to other P. aeruginosa strains in terms of identity, but varied in areas of horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Phylogenetic analysis showed that PA3 was closely related to P. aeruginosa 60503 and P. aeruginosa 8380. P. aeruginosa's pan-genome consists of a core genome of roughly 4,300 genes and an accessory genome of at least 5,500 genes. The results of the epigenetic analysis identified one main methylation sites, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and 1 motif (CATNNNNNNNTCCT/AGGANNNNNNNATG). 16 meaningful methylated sites were picked. Among these, purH, phaZ, and lexA are of great significance playing an important role in the drug resistance and biological environment adaptability of PA3, and the targeting of these genes may benefit further antibacterial studies.DisucssionThis study provided a detailed visualization and DNA methylation information of the PA3 genome and set a foundation for subsequent research into the molecular mechanism of DNA methyltransferase-controlled P. aeruginosa pathogenicity
NQE: N-ary Query Embedding for Complex Query Answering over Hyper-relational Knowledge Graphs
Complex query answering (CQA) is an essential task for multi-hop and logical
reasoning on knowledge graphs (KGs). Currently, most approaches are limited to
queries among binary relational facts and pay less attention to n-ary facts
(n>=2) containing more than two entities, which are more prevalent in the real
world. Moreover, previous CQA methods can only make predictions for a few given
types of queries and cannot be flexibly extended to more complex logical
queries, which significantly limits their applications. To overcome these
challenges, in this work, we propose a novel N-ary Query Embedding (NQE) model
for CQA over hyper-relational knowledge graphs (HKGs), which include massive
n-ary facts. The NQE utilizes a dual-heterogeneous Transformer encoder and
fuzzy logic theory to satisfy all n-ary FOL queries, including existential
quantifiers, conjunction, disjunction, and negation. We also propose a parallel
processing algorithm that can train or predict arbitrary n-ary FOL queries in a
single batch, regardless of the kind of each query, with good flexibility and
extensibility. In addition, we generate a new CQA dataset WD50K-NFOL, including
diverse n-ary FOL queries over WD50K. Experimental results on WD50K-NFOL and
other standard CQA datasets show that NQE is the state-of-the-art CQA method
over HKGs with good generalization capability. Our code and dataset are
publicly available.Comment: Accepted by the 37th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence
(AAAI-2023
On-chip unidirectional waveguiding for surface acoustic waves along a defect line in a triangular lattice
The latest advances in topological physics have yielded a rich toolset to
design highly robust wave transfer systems, for overcoming issues like beam
steering and lateral diffraction in surface acoustic waves (SAWs). However,
presently used designs for topologically protected SAWs have been largely
limited to spin or valley-polarized phases, which rely on non-zero Berry
curvature effects. Here we propose and experimentally demonstrate a highly
robust SAW waveguide on lithium niobate (LiNbO3), based on a line defect within
a true triangular phononic lattice, which instead employs an intrinsic
chirality of phase vortices and maintains a zero Berry curvature. The guided
SAW mode spans a wide bandwidth and shows confinement in the lateral direction
with 3 dB attenuation within half of the unit-cell length. SAW routing around
sharp bends has been demonstrated in such waveguide, with less than ~4%
reflection per bend. The waveguide has also been found robust for defect lines
with different configurations. The fully on-chip system permits unidirectional
SAW modes that are tightly bound to the waveguide, which provides a compact
footprint ideal for miniaturization of practical applications and offers
insight into the possibility of manipulating highly focused SAW propagation
PromptBench: Towards Evaluating the Robustness of Large Language Models on Adversarial Prompts
The increasing reliance on Large Language Models (LLMs) across academia and
industry necessitates a comprehensive understanding of their robustness to
prompts. In response to this vital need, we introduce PromptBench, a robustness
benchmark designed to measure LLMs' resilience to adversarial prompts. This
study uses a plethora of adversarial textual attacks targeting prompts across
multiple levels: character, word, sentence, and semantic. These prompts are
then employed in diverse tasks, such as sentiment analysis, natural language
inference, reading comprehension, machine translation, and math
problem-solving. Our study generates 4,032 adversarial prompts, meticulously
evaluated over 8 tasks and 13 datasets, with 567,084 test samples in total. Our
findings demonstrate that contemporary LLMs are vulnerable to adversarial
prompts. Furthermore, we present comprehensive analysis to understand the
mystery behind prompt robustness and its transferability. We then offer
insightful robustness analysis and pragmatic recommendations for prompt
composition, beneficial to both researchers and everyday users. We make our
code, prompts, and methodologies to generate adversarial prompts publicly
accessible, thereby enabling and encouraging collaborative exploration in this
pivotal field: https://github.com/microsoft/promptbench.Comment: Technical report; 23 pages; code is at:
https://github.com/microsoft/promptbenc
Paramagnons and high-temperature superconductivity in a model family of cuprates
Cuprate superconductors have the highest critical temperatures (Tc) at ambient pressure, yet
a consensus on the superconducting mechanism remains to be established. Finding an
empirical parameter that limits the highest reachable Tc can provide crucial insight into this
outstanding problem. Here, in the first two Ruddlesden-Popper members of the model Hg-
family of cuprates, which are chemically nearly identical and have the highest Tc among all
cuprate families, we use inelastic photon scattering to reveal that the energy of magnetic
fluctuations may play such a role. In particular, we observe the single-paramagnon spectra to
be nearly identical between the two compounds, apart from an energy scale difference of
~30% which matches their difference in Tc. The empirical correlation between paramagnon
energy and maximal Tc is further found to extend to other cuprate families with relatively high
Tc’s, hinting at a fundamental connection between them
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