Guanidinium l-glutamate

In the title compound, CH6N3 +·C5H8NO4 −, there are two independent cations and two independent anions in the asymmetric unit. In the crystal structure, cations and anions are linked by inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional network

Optimization of doping design for planar P-N homologous junction perovskite solar cells

In this study, we used the solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS) to analyse numerically the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) containing CH3NH3PbI3. The findings indicate that P-N homologous junction processing based on traditional P-I-N PSCs can enhance the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE). Furthermore, the authors analyzed the effect of uniform P-N doping of CH3NH3PbI3, concluding that the photoelectric efficiency can be improved from 16.10% to 19.03% after doping. In addition, the optical properties of PSCs under solar irradiation are simulated using finite difference time-domain (FDTD) software under AM1.5. This method is applied to investigate the effect of the P-N uniform junction on the internal electric field generated within the cell. The generation of this electric field promotes carrier separation and transmission, ultimately increasing the open circuit voltage (VOC) of the solar cell from 1.03 to 1.12 V. The usage of P-N junctions enhances PSCs performance and exhibits vast potential for designing and developing PSCs

Modeling the yield of winter maize using biomass distribution index in the tropical region of Yunnan, China

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer e validar um modelo de previsão de distribuição de massa de matéria seca e de rendimento, com base no tempo de desenvolvimento fisiológico, para comparar as diferenças entre o modelo de índice de distribuição de matéria seca e o modelo de coeficiente de distribuição de matéria seca, para a simulação da massa de matéria seca da espiga e para melhorar a precisão de modelos de crescimento do milho para a previsão de rendimento. Os experimentos foram realizados em três locais (Longchuan, Mangshi e Ruili), na região tropical da província de Yunnan, China. O NRMS da massa de matéria seca e o rendimento da espiga foram geralmente menores que 10. O método do índice de distribuição da massa de matéria seca (NRMS = 5,44% e RMSE = 807,22 kg ha-1 para massa de matéria seca da espiga; e o NRMS = 7,32% e RMSE = 707,67 kg ha-1 para rendimento de grãos) é melhor do que o método do coeficiente de distribuição de massa de matéria seca (NRMS = 7,52% e RMSE = 1115,31 kg ha-1 para massa de matéria seca de espiga; NRMS = 8,6% e RMSE = 830,76 kg ha-1 para rendimento de grãos) para a simulação da massa de matéria seca de espiga e o rendimento de grãos de milho. O modelo do índice de distribuição melhora a precisão do modelo, o que é valioso para o futura produção de milho e seu manejo em Yunnan.The objective of this work was to establish and validate the dry matter distribution and yield prediction models based on physiological developmental timing, to compare the differences between the dry mass distribution index model and the dry mass distribution coefficient model, for the simulation of ear dry mass and to improve the accuracy of maize growth models for predicting yield. The experiments were conducted in three tropical sites (Longchuan, Mangshi, and Ruili) in the tropical region of Yunnan Province, China. The NRMS of ear dry mass and yield were generally less than 10. The dry mass distribution index method (NRMS = 5.44% and RMSE = 807.22 kg ha-1 for ear dry mass; and NRMS = 7.32% and RMSE = 707.67 kg ha-1 for grain yield) is better than the dry mass distribution coefficient method (NRMS = 7.52% and RMSE = 1115.31 kg ha-1 for ear dry mass; NRMS = 8.6% and RMSE = 830.76 kgha-1 for grain yield) to simulate maize ear dry mass and grain yield. The distribution index model improves the accuracy of the model, which is valuable for future maize production and management in Yunnan

3-Methyl­quinoxaline-2-carb­oxy­lic acid 4-oxide monohydrate

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C10H8N2O3·H2O, mol­ecules are linked via inter­molecular O—H⋯O and O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds into a two-dimensional network

Reliability Evaluation Method of Urban Distribution Network Power Supply Considering Automatic Partitioning of Distribution Network

[Introduction] Under the current situation of increasing automation level of distribution network, in order to solve the problem that the influence of distribution automation is not considered in traditional distribution network power supply reliability assessment methods, in this paper, a method for rapid assessment of power supply reliability of urban distribution network is proposed, which takes into account the automatic partitioning of distribution network. [Method] In this paper, based on the node division method of path characteristics, by demarcating automatic partitioning of distribution network, defining large and small segments, a method for evaluating the effect of power supply reliability improvement that was suitable for automatic partitioning of distribution network was proposed. [Result] Compared with the industry standard for reliability evaluation of medium-voltage distribution network, the proposed method fully considers the influence of distribution automation on reducing fault location, isolation and switching operation time, and the evaluation result is reduced by about 22%. [Conclusion] The proposed method can more accurately analyze the power supply reliability of the distribution network with a higher level of distribution automation, and is suitable for urban distribution network areas with a small power outage time base

BASIC STUDY FOR COAL MOISTURE CONTROL INTEGRATING PNEUMATIC CLASSIFICATION TECHNIQUE

A technique of coal moisture control integrating pneumatic classification with flue gas as heating medium was put forward. With this technique, refined coal moisture control can be realized accompanying classification in one process, and considerable high-quality energy can be saved in coking and milling procedure. In this paper, coal classification and moisture control behaviors was investigated at different conditions. Based on experimental results, the basic parameters for the technique were worked out accordingly

Glacier Surface Heatwaves Over the Tibetan Plateau

Abstract The Tibetan Plateau (TP) has warmed at a rate twice the global average and presents unique warming patterns in surface temperature changes. However, key characteristics of glacier surface heatwave duration and intensity over the TP during the present extreme warming period are still unknown. In this study, we show that surface temperatures in glacial regions of the TP (0.37 ± 0.10°C per decade) have increased faster than those in non‐glacial areas (0.29 ± 0.05°C per decade) between 2001 and 2020. Moreover, the duration (5.3 ± 3.2 days per decade) and cumulative intensity (24.9 ± 16.3 days °C per decade) of glacier surface heatwaves have increased significantly during autumn. Our results demonstrate an elevation dependence to these key warming characteristics, which we also suggest are associated with extreme glacier mass loss. Here, we highlight potential threats to the sustainability of glacier water resources and increasing risk of glacier related hazards at the “roof of the world.