Exploring the Balance Between Urban and Ecology Based on Fractal City Theory——Taking the Northern Metropolis of Hong Kong as an Example

As the times progressed, the large countryside-dominated area to the north of Hong Kong, adjacent to Shenzhen, needed further development. This research is based on fractal urbanism and horizontal urbanism and attempts to explore a new urban development model from the perspective of balancing urban and countryside areas. At present, there is a contradiction between ecological conservation and urban development in the area. Recent urbanization has resulted in habitat fragmentation, which has led to a significant decline in biodiversity, a lack of natural green space within the city, and low environmental quality, etc. To improve the above urban problems, we propose an evaluation method that divides the greening rate within the scope of human activities into five grades. And put forward a greening promotion method. Taking the Deep bay area in North New Territories of Hong Kong as an example, an ideal solution is proposed

Unified framework of the microscopic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation and its application to Skyrmion dynamics

The Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation is widely used to describe magnetization dynamics. We develop a unified framework of the microscopic LLG equation based on the nonequilibrium Green's function formalism. We present a unified treatment for expressing the microscopic LLG equation in several limiting cases, including the adiabatic, inertial, and nonadiabatic limits with respect to the precession frequency for a magnetization with fixed magnitude, as well as the spatial adiabatic limit for the magnetization with slow variation in both its magnitude and direction. The coefficients of those terms in the microscopic LLG equation are explicitly expressed in terms of nonequilibrium Green's functions. As a concrete example, this microscopic theory is applied to simulate the dynamics of a magnetic Skyrmion driven by quantum parametric pumping. Our work provides a practical formalism of the microscopic LLG equation for exploring magnetization dynamics

Expression and Clinical Relevance of uPA and ET-1 in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Background and objective uPA and ET-1 proteins have been reported to be up-regulated in some of human cancers. The aim of this study is to investigate the alteration and clinical relevance of uPA and ET-1 protein levels in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Expressions of uPA and ET-1 protein were detected in 155 cases of NSCLC with tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry (TMA-IHC) technique. The correlations between the alteration of the two proteins and clinicopathological parameters were analyzed. Results Negative/weak, moderate and high expression of uPA were observed in 12.3%, 64.4% and 23.3% of squamous cell carcinomas, in 12.2%, 53.7% and 34.1% of adenocarcinomas, and in 12.3%, 58.7% and 29.0% of all cases. ET-1 presented negative/weak, moderate and high expression in 2.7%, 42.5% and 54.8% of squamous cell carcinomas, in 11.0%, 30.5% and 58.5% of adenocarcinomas, and in 7.1%, 36.1% and 56.8% of all cases. Simultaneously high expression of uPA and ET-1 were found in adenocarcinomas without lymph node metastasis (P=0.017). Adenocarcinoma patients with high expression of uPA or with high expression of both ET-1 and uPA had the longer survival time (P=0.007 and 0.016). Conclusion Detection of uPA and ET-1 protein levels might contribute to the prognosis evaluation of NSCLC

E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases in bladder cancer tumorigenesis and implications for immunotherapies

With the rapidly increasing incidence of bladder cancer in China and worldwide, great efforts have been made to understand the detailed mechanism of bladder cancer tumorigenesis. Recently, the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitor-based immunotherapy has changed the treatment strategy for bladder cancer, especially for advanced bladder cancer, and has improved the survival of patients. The ubiquitin–proteasome system, which affects many biological processes, plays an important role in bladder cancer. Several E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases target immune checkpoints, either directly or indirectly. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases in bladder cancer tumorigenesis and further highlight the implications for bladder cancer immunotherapies

Experimental Study on Stress and Strain Characteristics of Solidified Clay under Seawater Condition

This paper presents the results of a laboratory study on the stress-strain relationship of solidified clay formed in seawater corrosion condition. An automatic triaxial apparatus was used and the axial stress and strain was monitored continuously. The dry density was 1.0g/cm3, the cement contents were 4, 6, 8 and 10% by weight of dry soil particles, and the curing time was 28, 60 and 90 days respectively. Test results indicate that the stress strain relationship of cemented clay was affected by soil density, cement content and curing period. A behaviour of strain hardening to strain softening occurred with the increase of cement content. Strong structure will form in cemented clay when the admixture content is 10% or more. The increase in strength of the solidified foundation is resulted from the increase in internal friction angle and cohesive force. The cohesive force increases obviously with the increase of the cement content and the curing age, but the change of internal friction angle is not pronounced after reaching a certain value

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Research on Coal Ash Collecting and Grading System

The grading separation of coal ash can not only increase its economic value but also decrease its pollution to environment. Based on the jet-attracting flow technology and the gas-solid two-phase flow theory, the force and motion of coal ash particles in airflow were studied firstly. Focused on single coal ash particle, Matlab software was used to simulate the force conditions and separation parameters of various diameter coal ash particles in airflow. Fluent software was used to simulate the nozzle fluidization domain shape and to determine optimal jet flux. According to the theoretical results, a coal ash collecting and grading system was developed. Using the separation efficiency as the evaluation index, the optimal experiment parameters of jet flux, attracting flux, and separation time were obtained. At last, the calculated results and experimental results of coal ash particles median diameter from the first grading separation exit under various attracting fluxes were compared. The reasons that could cause the errors were discussed. This study has significant practical meaning and application value on coal ash collecting and grading separation

Characterization of neuroendocrine regulation- and metabolism-associated molecular features and prognostic indicators with aid to clinical chemotherapy and immunotherapy of patients with pancreatic cancer

The worldwide prevalence of pancreatic cancer has been rising in recent decades, and its prognosis has not improved much. The imbalance of substance and energy metabolism in tumour cells is among the primary causes of tumour formation and occurrence, which is often controlled by the neuroendocrine system. We applied Cox and LASSO regression analysis to develop a neuroendocrine regulation- and metabolism-related prognostic risk score model with three genes (GSK3B, IL18 and VEGFA) for pancreatic cancer. TCGA dataset served as the training and internal validation sets, and GSE28735, GSE62452 and GSE57495 were designated as external validation sets. Patients classified as the low-risk population (category, group) exhibited considerably improved survival duration in contrast with those classified as the high-risk population, as determined by the Kaplan-Meier curve. Then, we combined all the samples, and divided them into three clusters using unsupervised clustering analysis. Unsupervised clustering, t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE), and principal component analysis (PCA) were further utilized to demonstrate the reliability of the prognostic model. Moreover, the risk score was shown to independently function as a predictor of pancreatic cancer in both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. The results of gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) illustrated that the low-risk population was predominantly enriched in immune-associated pathways. “ESTIMATE” algorithm, single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA) and the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database showed immune infiltration ratings were enhanced in the low-risk category in contrast with the high-risk group. Tumour immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) database predicted that immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer may be more successful in the high-risk than in the low-risk population. Mutation analysis illustrated a positive link between the tumour mutation burden and risk score. Drug sensitivity analysis identified 44 sensitive drugs in the high- and low-risk population. GSK3B expression was negatively correlated with Oxaliplatin, and IL18 expression was negatively correlated with Paclitaxel. Lastly, we analyzed and verified gene expression at RNA and protein levels based on GENPIA platform, HPA database and quantitative real-time PCR. In short, we developed a neuroendocrine regulation- and metabolism-associated prognostic model for pancreatic cancer that takes into account the immunological microenvironment and drug sensitivity

Research on Lazy Theta* Route Planning Algorithm Based on Grid Point Optimization

In recent years, the problem of route planning in complex battlefield environments has attracted significant attention. With the increasingly worrying international situation, safety and flyability in a continuously changing threat environment are critical factors in route planning research. Thus, this paper proposes an improved Lazy Theta* algorithm that adapts to a complex battlefield environment and finds the optimal route. Specifically, given the low computational efficiency and data redundancy of the existing environmental threat modeling, the developed scheme first employs an octree grid to divide the environment into a grid. Furthermore, based on a real environmental threat model and flight constraints, we design a Lazy Theta* algorithm based on octree grid points, which shortens the planning path and reduces the path cost. Finally, this paper proposes an equally spaced B-spline to smooth the route and improve its smoothness and flyability. Several simulated experiments verify that the smoothed route improves safety and flight ability while reducing the route’s distance. Overall, the simulation results prove that the proposed method significantly improves the planning efficiency and flyability compared with traditional methods

m5CRegpred: Epitranscriptome Target Prediction of 5-Methylcytosine (m5C) Regulators Based on Sequencing Features

5-methylcytosine (m5C) is a common post-transcriptional modification observed in a variety of RNAs. m5C has been demonstrated to be important in a variety of biological processes, including RNA structural stability and metabolism. Driven by the importance of m5C modification, many projects focused on the m5C sites prediction were reported before. To better understand the upstream and downstream regulation of m5C, we present a bioinformatics framework, m5CRegpred, to predict the substrate of m5C writer NSUN2 and m5C readers YBX1 and ALYREF for the first time. After features comparison, window lengths selection and algorism comparison on the mature mRNA model, our model achieved AUROC scores 0.869, 0.724 and 0.889 for NSUN2, YBX1 and ALYREF, respectively in an independent test. Our work suggests the substrate of m5C regulators can be distinguished and may help the research of m5C regulators in a special condition, such as substrates prediction of hyper- or hypo-expressed m5C regulators in human disease

Research on Lazy Theta* Route Planning Algorithm Based on Grid Point Optimization

In recent years, the problem of route planning in complex battlefield environments has attracted significant attention. With the increasingly worrying international situation, safety and flyability in a continuously changing threat environment are critical factors in route planning research. Thus, this paper proposes an improved Lazy Theta* algorithm that adapts to a complex battlefield environment and finds the optimal route. Specifically, given the low computational efficiency and data redundancy of the existing environmental threat modeling, the developed scheme first employs an octree grid to divide the environment into a grid. Furthermore, based on a real environmental threat model and flight constraints, we design a Lazy Theta* algorithm based on octree grid points, which shortens the planning path and reduces the path cost. Finally, this paper proposes an equally spaced B-spline to smooth the route and improve its smoothness and flyability. Several simulated experiments verify that the smoothed route improves safety and flight ability while reducing the route’s distance. Overall, the simulation results prove that the proposed method significantly improves the planning efficiency and flyability compared with traditional methods