Overprotection and overcontrol in childhood: An evaluation on reliability and validity of 33-item expanded Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-33), Chinese version

Overprotection and overcontrol from parents or other family members, which are not rare in the Chinese culture, have been suggested to be traumatic experiences for some children. However, research on overprotection/overcontrol is much rarer in China compared with other childhood trauma subtypes. One of the possible reasons for this is the lack of easy and feasible screening tools. In this study, we therefore translated and validated a Chinese version of the 33-item Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-33), which was expanded from the widely-used 28-item CTQ with an additional overprotection/overcontrol subscale. A total of 248 young healthy participants were recruited and completed the Chinese version of CTQ-33, and 50 of them were retested after an interval of two weeks. At baseline, all participants also completed the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale to assess their depression and anxiety, respectively. Our main findings include that: (1) the Chinese version of CTQ-33 showed a good internal consistency (Cronbach\u27s α coefficient = 0.733) and an excellent test-retest reliability over a two-week period (ICC = 0.861); (2) the previously reported significant associations between the overprotection/overcontrol and other subtypes of childhood trauma (abuse and neglect), as well as psychopathological conditions such as depression can all be replicated using the Chinese version of CTQ-33. These results suggest that the Chinese version of CTQ-33 would be a promising tool for assessing various subtypes of childhood adversities, especially the overprotection/overcontrol experiences in Chinese populations

Physisorption-based charge transfer in two-dimensional SnS2 for selective and reversible NO2 gas sensing

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a gas species that plays an important role in certain industrial, farming, and healthcare sectors. However, there are still significant challenges for NO2 sensing at low detection limits, especially in the presence of other interfering gases. The NO2 selectivity of current gas-sensing technologies is significantly traded-off with their sensitivity and reversibility as well as fabrication and operating costs. In this work, we present an important progress for selective and reversible NO2 sensing by demonstrating an economical sensing platform based on the charge transfer between physisorbed NO2 gas molecules and two-dimensional (2D) tin disulfide (SnS2) flakes at low operating temperatures. The device shows high sensitivity and superior selectivity to NO2 at operating temperatures of less than 160 °C, which are well below those of chemisorptive and ion conductive NO2 sensors with much poorer selectivity. At the same time, excellent reversibility of the sensor is demonstrated, which has rarely been observed in other 2D material counterparts. Such impressive features originate from the planar morphology of 2D SnS2 as well as unique physical affinity and favorable electronic band positions of this material that facilitate the NO2 physisorption and charge transfer at parts per billion levels. The 2D SnS2-based sensor provides a real solution for low-cost and selective NO2 gas sensing

Multiple local symmetries result in a common average polar axis in high strain BiFeO3 based ceramics

For the first time, the origin of large electrostrain in pseudocubic BiFeO3-based ceramics is verified with direct structural evidence backed by appropriate simulations. We employ advanced structural and microstructural characterisations of BiFeO3 based ceramics that exhibit large electrostrain (>0.4%) to reveal the existence of multiple, nanoscale local symmetries, dominantly tetragonal/orthorhombic, which have a common, averaged direction of polarisation over larger, meso/micro-scale regions. Phase-field simulations confirm the existence of local nanoscale symmetries, thereby providing a new vision for designing high-performance lead-free ceramics for high strain actuators

Contamination and spatial variation of heavy metals in the soil-rice system in Nanxun county, southeastern China

There is an increasing concern about heavy metal contamination in farmland in China and worldwide. In order to reveal the spatial features of heavy metals in the soil-rice system, soil and rice samples were collected from Nanxun, Southeastern China. Compared with the guideline values, elevated concentrations of heavy metals in soils were observed, while heavy metals in rice still remained at a safe level. Heavy metals in soils and rice had moderate to strong spatial dependence (nugget/sill ratios: 13.2% to 49.9%). The spatial distribution of copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in soils illustrated that their high concentrations were located in the southeast part. The high concentrations of cadmium (Cd) in soils were observed in the northeast part. The accumulation of all the studied metals is related to the long-term application of agrochemicals and industrial activities. Heavy metals in rice showed different spatial distribution patterns. Cross-correlograms were produced to quantitatively determine the spatial correlation between soil properties and heavy metals composition in rice. The pH and soil organic matter had significant spatial correlations with the concentration of heavy metals in rice. Most of the selected variables had clear spatial correlation ranges for heavy metals in rice, which could be further applied to divide agricultural management zones

Unveiling the ferrielectric nature of PbZrO3-based antiferroelectric materials

© 2020, The Author(s). Benefitting from the reversible phase transition between antiferroelectric and ferroelectric states, antiferroelectric materials have recently received widespread attentions for energy storage applications. Antiferroelectric configuration with specific antiparallel dipoles has been used to establish antiferroelectric theories and understand its characteristic behaviors. Here, we report that the so-called antiferroelectric (Pb,La)(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3 system is actually ferrielectric in nature. We demonstrate different ferrielectric configurations, which consists of ferroelectric ordering segments with either magnitude or angle modulation of dipoles. The ferrielectric configurations are mainly contributed from the coupling between A-cations and O-anions, and their displacement behavior is dependent largely on the chemical doping. Of particular significance is that the width and net polarization of ferroelectric ordering segments can be tailored by composition, which is linearly related to the key electrical characteristics, including switching field, remanent polarization and dielectric constant. These findings provide opportunities for comprehending structure-property correlation, developing antiferroelectric/ferrielectric theories and designing novel ferroic materials

A novel lead‐free relaxor with endotaxial nanostructures for capacitive energy storage

Abstract Dielectric capacitors with a fast charging/discharging rate, high power density, and long‐term stability are essential components in modern electrical devices. However, miniaturizing and integrating capacitors face a persistent challenge in improving their energy density (Wrec) to satisfy the specifications of advanced electronic systems and applications. In this work, leveraging phase‐field simulations, we judiciously designed a novel lead‐free relaxor ferroelectric material for enhanced energy storage performance, featuring flexible distributed weakly polar endotaxial nanostructures (ENs) embedded within a strongly polar fluctuation matrix. The matrix contributes to substantially enhanced polarization under an external electric field, and the randomly dispersed ENs effectively optimize breakdown phase proportion and provide a strong restoring force, which are advantageous in bolstering breakdown strength and minimizing hysteresis. Remarkably, this relaxor ferroelectric system incorporating ENs achieves an exceptionally high Wrec value of 10.3 J/cm3, accompanied by a large energy storage efficiency (η) of 85.4%. This work introduces a promising avenue for designing new relaxor materials capable of capacitive energy storage with exceptional performance characteristics

The Transfer Characteristics of Potentially Toxic Trace Elements in Different Soil-Rice Systems and Their Quantitative Models in Southeastern China

The potentially toxic trace elements (PTEs) transfer characteristics in the soil-rice system plays an important role in soil quality management, and it can be used to guide the safe rice production. We collected soil and rice samples from three typical rice production areas (Nanxun, Shengzhou, Wenling in northern, central, and southern parts of Zhejiang Province, China). The controlling factors of PTEs′ transfer were studied for Hybrid rice and Japonica rice. The results indicated that the pH, organic matter (OM), and electrical conductivity (EC) values of Shengzhou were all lower than that of the other two production areas (Nanxun and Wenling). The concentrations of PTEs in the soils of Wenling were significantly higher than that in the other two areas, while the concentrations of PTEs in the rice of Shengzhou were significantly higher than that of Wenling and Nanxun (p < 0.05). The enrichment index (EI) of PTEs were also different in the three production areas. The EIs of Cd and Zn were higher than that of Cu and Ni in the three production areas, and the EIs in Shengzhou were significantly higher than that of other two areas (p < 0.05). The soil physico-chemical properties and PTEs’ fractions both played important roles in PTEs transfer in the soil-rice system. The log-linear model of EI for PTEs can predict the availability of PTEs in the soil-rice system under practical production areas. The accuracy of the model prediction of EI for Japonica rice was better than that for the Hybrid rice. The prediction model of Ni was better than that of other PTEs for both rices