The Impact of Rural Pensions in China on Labor Migration

We study the impact of China’s new rural pension program on promoting migration of labor by applying a regression discontinuity analysis to this new pension program. The results reveal a perceptible difference in labor migration among adult children whose parents are just above and below the age of pension eligibility: The adult children with a parent just attaining the pension-eligible age are more likely to be labor migrants compared with those with a parent just below the pension-eligible age. We also find that with a pension-eligible parent, the adult children are more likely to have off-farm jobs. These abrupt changes in household behavior at the cutoff suggest that these households are credit constrained. In addition, we find that the pension’s effect on migration is greater among adult children with a parent in poor health; pension-eligible elderly report that they are more likely to use inpatient services when needed and less likely to rely on adult children for care when they are ill. These results suggest that (expectations regarding) providing care for elderly parents has constrained labor migration from China\u27s rural areas to some extent, and that the new rural pension program has helped to relax this constraint

A medal share model for Olympic performance

A sizable empirical literature relates a nation\u27s Olympic performance to socioeconomic factors by adopting linear regression or a Tobit approach suggested by Bernard and Busse (2004). We propose an alternative model where a nation\u27s medal share depends on its competitiveness relative to other nations and the model is logically consistent. Empirical evidence shows that our model fits data better than the existing linear regression and Tobit model. Besides Olympic Games, the proposed model and its estimation method could also be similarly applied to other settings with competitions

Linear regression equation and correlation coefficient between the membrane permeability, MDA content and the H₂O₂ and O₂^- contents in soybean roots treated with La³⁺ and AR.

<p>y₁, y₂ represent the membrane permeability and MDA content, respectively. x₁, x₂ represent the H₂O₂ content and O₂^- content, respectively.</p><p>** Significance at 0.01 levels.</p><p>Linear regression equation and correlation coefficient between the membrane permeability, MDA content and the H₂O₂ and O₂^- contents in soybean roots treated with La³⁺ and AR.</p

Correlation coefficients between antioxidant system activities and metal contents in soybean treated with La³⁺ and AR.

<p>* Significance at 0.05 levels.</p><p>** Significance at 0.01 levels.</p><p>Correlation coefficients between antioxidant system activities and metal contents in soybean treated with La³⁺ and AR.</p

Relationship between the H₂O₂ (O₂^-) contents and the CAT activity, POD activity and reduced AsA content in soybean roots treated with La³⁺ and AR.

<p>y₁, y₂ represent the H₂O₂ content and O₂^- content, respectively. x₁, x₂, x₃ and x₄ represent the SOD activity, CAT activity, POD activity and reduced AsA content, respectively.</p><p>** Significance at 0.01 levels.</p><p>Relationship between the H₂O₂ (O₂^-) contents and the CAT activity, POD activity and reduced AsA content in soybean roots treated with La³⁺ and AR.</p

A Qualitative Study on the Psychological Experience of Caregivers of COVID-19 Patients

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading rapidly, bringing pressure and challenges to nursing staff. OBJECTIVE: To explore the psychology of nurses caring for COVID-19 patients. METHOD: Using a phenomenological approach, we enrolled 20 nurses who provided care for COVID-19 patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology from 20 January to 10 February 2020. The interviews were conducted face-to-face or by telephone and were analysed by Colaizzi's 7-step method. RESULTS: The psychological experience of nurses caring for COVID-19 patients can be summarized into four themes. Firstly, negative emotions present in early stage consisting of fatigue, discomfort, and helplessness was caused by high-intensity work, fear and anxiety, and concern for patients and family members. Secondly, self-coping styles included psychological and life adjustment, altruistic acts, team support, and rational cognition. Thirdly, we found growth under pressure, which included increased affection and gratefulness, development of professional responsibility, and self-reflection. Finally, we showed that positive emotions occurred simultaneously with negative emotions. CONCLUSIONS: During an epidemic outbreak, positive and negative emotions of the front-line nurses interweaved and coexisted. In the early stage, negative emotions were dominant and positive emotions appeared gradually. Self-coping styles and psychological growth played an important role in maintaining mental health of nurses

Fast Ionogram Observations of Ascending Thin Layers Locally Transported from the E to F Region at Equatorial and Low Latitudes

By using fast ionogram observations, we report the first simultaneous observations of ascending ion layers at equatorial and low latitudes. The ionosonde measurements at Sanya (18.3&deg;N, 109.6&deg;E; dip lat. 12.2&deg;N) and Chumphon (10.7&deg;N, 99.4&deg;E; dip lat. 3.8&deg;N) show that a high Es layer, which might contain metallic ions, was directly lifted upward from the local E region to F region bottomside at morning hours, in a pattern similar to the vertical drift of the F region background ionosphere driven by the daytime eastward electric field. A statistical analysis with Sanya ionosonde measurements shows that the low latitude ascending ion layer is not a rare phenomenon, with a maximum occurrence of 22% during equinox. The results indicate that at the latitudes far away from the magnetic equator, the local E region metallic ions could be directly brought into the F region with the ascending layer. It can be expected that fast ionogram measurements, which can easily capture the rapid evolution of the background ionosphere, will play an important role in studying the formation of some unexpected high altitude metallic layers

Atomic-scale study on the dopant distribution in phosphorus and boron-doped Si nanocrystals/SiO2 multilayers

International audienceUnderstanding the distributions and behaviors of dopants in Si nanocrystal are the primary and necessary issues to realize the controllable doping at nanoscale and develop the next generation of optoelectronic devices. This work reports the atomic-scale distributions of phosphorus and boron dopants in Si nanocrystals mul- tilayers. The phosphorus-doped and boron-doped Si nanocrystals/SiO2 multilayers are fabricated by PECVD and subsequently annealed at 1000 ◦C. It is found that the locations of phosphorus are redistributed after the formation of Si nanocrystals due to the combined effects of formation energy and self-purification. Phosphorus dopants are mainly distributed at the Si nanocrystals surfaces to passivate the dangling bonds, while part of them incorporate into Si nanocrystals lattice sites to provide free electrons. However, boron dopants exhibit different distributions in contrast to phosphorus. The concentration of boron on Si nanocrystals surfaces can reach as high as 40.0 at. %, which forms a dopant-shell covering on Si nanocrystals. Meanwhile, the boron dopant-shell can modify the surface states of Si nano- crystals like Si-oxide related emission centers and dangling bonds, which is responsible for the luminescence properties. Moreover, the boron-aggregations with concentration near 74.8 at. % are appeared inside Si nanocrystals and led to the damage of crystalline lattice