The diploid genome sequence of an Asian individual

Here we present the first diploid genome sequence of an Asian individual. The genome was sequenced to 36-fold average coverage using massively parallel sequencing technology. We aligned the short reads onto the NCBI human reference genome to 99.97% coverage, and guided by the reference genome, we used uniquely mapped reads to assemble a high-quality consensus sequence for 92% of the Asian individual's genome. We identified approximately 3 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) inside this region, of which 13.6% were not in the dbSNP database. Genotyping analysis showed that SNP identification had high accuracy and consistency, indicating the high sequence quality of this assembly. We also carried out heterozygote phasing and haplotype prediction against HapMap CHB and JPT haplotypes (Chinese and Japanese, respectively), sequence comparison with the two available individual genomes (J. D. Watson and J. C. Venter), and structural variation identification. These variations were considered for their potential biological impact. Our sequence data and analyses demonstrate the potential usefulness of next-generation sequencing technologies for personal genomics

The Ninth Visual Object Tracking VOT2021 Challenge Results

acceptedVersionPeer reviewe

Genetic and Biochemical Aspects of Floral Scents in Roses

Floral scents possess high ornamental and economic values to rose production in the floricultural industry. In the past two decades, molecular bases of floral scent production have been studied in the rose as well as their genetic inheritance. Some significant achievements have been acquired, such as the comprehensive rose genome and the finding of a novel geraniol synthase in plants. In this review, we summarize the composition of floral scents in modern roses, focusing on the recent advances in the molecular mechanisms of floral scent production and emission, as well as the latest developments in molecular breeding and metabolic engineering of rose scents. It could provide useful information for both studying and improving the floral scent production in the rose

Comparative RNA-Seq analysis reveals a critical role for brassinosteroids in rose (Rosa hybrida) petal defense against Botrytis cinerea infection

Abstract Background One of the most popular ornamental plants worldwide, roses (Rosa sp.), are very susceptible to Botrytis gray mold disease. The necrotrophic infection of rose petals by B. cinerea causes the collapse and death of these tissues in both the growth and post-harvest stages, resulting in serious economic losses. To understand the molecular basis of rose resistance against B. cinerea, we profiled the petal transcriptome using RNA-Seq technology. Results We identified differentially transcribed genes (DTGs) in petals during B. cinerea infection at 30 h post inoculation (hpi) and/or 48 hpi. Gene ontology term enrichment and pathway analyses revealed that metabolic, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, plant-pathogen interaction, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways were involved. The expression of 370 cell-surface immune receptors was upregulated during infection. In addition, 188 genes encoding transcription factors were upregulated, particularly in the ERF, WRKY, bHLH, MYB, and NAC families, implying their involvement in resistance against B. cinerea. We further identified 325 upregulated DTGs in the hormone signal transduction pathways. Among them, the brassinosteroid (BR)-related genes were the most significantly enriched. To confirm the role of BR in Botrytis resistance, exogenous BR was applied to rose flowers before the inoculation of B. cinerea, which enhanced the defense response in these petals. Conclusions Our global transcriptome profiling provides insights into the complex gene regulatory networks mediating the rose petal response to B. cinerea. We further demonstrated the role of the phytohormone BR in the resistance of petals to necrotrophic fungal pathogens

Study of Surface Integrity of Titanium Alloy (TC4) by Belt Grinding to Achieve the Same Surface Roughness Range

Titanium alloy materials are used in a variety of engineering applications in the aerospace, aircraft, electronics, and shipbuilding industries, and due to the continuous improvement of the contemporary age, surface integrity needs to be improved for engineering applications. Belt grinding parameters and levels directly affect the surface integrity of titanium alloys (TC4), which further affects the fatigue life of the titanium alloys during service. In order to investigate the surface integrity of titanium alloys at different roughness levels, the surfaces were repeatedly ground with the same type and different models of abrasive belts. The results showed that at roughness Ra levels of 0.4 μm to 0.2 μm, the compressive residual stresses decreased with increasing linear velocity and there were problems with large surface morphological defects. At the roughness Ra of 0.2 μm or less, grinding improves the surface morphology, the compressive residual stress increases with increasing feed rate, and the surface hardness decreases with increasing linear velocity. In addition, the research facilitates the engineering of grinding parameters and levels that affect surface integrity under different roughness conditions, providing a theoretical basis and practical reference

Biologically Inspired Polydopamine Capped Gold Nanorods for Drug Delivery and Light-Mediated Cancer Therapy

Multifunctional drug delivery and combined multimodal therapy strategies are very promising in tumor theranostic applications. In this work, a simple and versatile nanoplatform based on biologically inspired polydopamine capped gold nanorods (GNR-PDA) is developed. Dopamine, a well-known neurotransmitter associated with many neuronal disorders, can undergo self-polymerization on the surface of GNRs to form a stable PDA shell. Its unique molecular adsorption property, as well as its high chemical stability and biocompatibility, facilitate GNR-PDA as an ideal candidate for drug delivery. Methylene blue (MB) and doxorubicin (DOX) are directly adsorbed on GNR-PDA via electrostatic and/or π–π stacking interactions, forming GNR-PDA-MB and GNR-PDA-DOX nanocomposites, respectively. The GNR-PDA-MB can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS, from MB) or hyperthermia (from GNR-PDA) with high efficiency under deep-red/NIR laser irradiation, while the GNR-PDA-DOX exhibits light-enhanced drug release under NIR laser irradiation. The combined dual-modal light-mediated therapy, by using GNR-PDA-MB [photodynamic/photothermal therapy (PDT/PTT)] and GNR-PDA-DOX (Chemo/PTT), is carried out and shows remarkable cancer cell killing efficiency in vitro and significant suppression of tumor growth in vivo, which are much more distinct than any single-modal therapy strategy. Our work illustrates that GNR-PDA could be a promising nanoplatform for multifunctional drug delivery and multimodal tumor theranostics in the future

Genomic and transcriptomic sequencing of Rosa hybrida provides microsatellite markers for breeding, flower trait improvement and taxonomy studies

Abstract Background Rosa hybrida is a valuable ornamental, food and medicinal crop worldwide, but with relatively limited molecular marker resources, especially for flower-specific markers. In this study, we performed genomic and floral transcriptomic sequencing of modern rose. We obtained comprehensive nucleotide information, from which numerous potential simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were identified but were found to have high rates of amplification failure and PCR product redundancy. Results We applied a filtering strategy for BLAST analysis with the assembled genomic sequence and identified 124,591 genomic and 2,292 EST markers with unique annealing sites. These markers had much greater reliability than those obtained before filtering. Additional BLAST analysis against the transcriptomic sequences uncovered 5225 genomic SSRs associated with 4100 transcripts, 2138 of which were associated with functional genes that were annotated against the non-redundant database. More than 90% of these newly developed molecular markers were polymorphic, based on PCR using a subset of SSRs to analyze tetraploid modern rose accessions, diploid Rosa species and one strawberry accession. The relationships among Rosa species determined by cluster analysis (based on these results) were in agreement with modern rose breeding history, whereas strawberry was isolated in a separate cluster, as expected. Conclusions Our results provide valuable molecular-genetic tools for rose flower trait improvement, breeding and taxonomy. Importantly, we describe a reproducible organ-specific strategy for molecular marker development and selection in plants, which can be applied to other crops