‘Shared intelligibility’ and two reflexive strategies as methods of supporting ‘responsible decisions’ in a hermeneutic phenomenological study

Hermeneutic phenomenologists propose that researchers inescapably bring themselves into their research because interpretation must inevitably be influenced by their contexts and pre-understandings. They propose that interpretation is a dynamic and active part of the construction of a text’s meaning, and involvement in this construction process leads to deep empathic understanding of others’ experience, reappraisal of accepted social and cultural systems, and a level of self-enlightenment. The strengths of the hermeneutic methodological approach have led to its use in a number of disciplines, however, there remains concerns about interpretative validity. It is widely acknowledged that in order to support rigour and validity in hermeneutic studies, researchers are required to develop and integrate strategies within the research process to promote awareness of the interplay between their pre-understandings and interpretation. This paper discusses how episodic interviewing which capitalises on ‘shared intelligibility’, and the reflexive strategies of ‘oppositional arrangement of perspectives’ and ‘backgrounding’ were used to shed light on data from a study of the experiences and views of nursing home nurses regarding their occupational role and status, and work identity

Building ProteomeTools based on a complete synthetic human proteome.

We describe ProteomeTools, a project building molecular and digital tools from the human proteome to facilitate biomedical research. Here we report the generation and multimodal liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of \u3e330,000 synthetic tryptic peptides representing essentially all canonical human gene products, and we exemplify the utility of these data in several applications. The resource (available at http://www.proteometools.org) will be extended to \u3e1 million peptides, and all data will be shared with the community via ProteomicsDB and ProteomeXchange

Structural and Electronic Decoupling of C_(60) from Epitaxial Graphene on SiC

We have investigated the initial stages of growth and the electronic structure of C_(60) molecules on graphene grown epitaxially on SiC(0001) at the single-molecule level using cryogenic ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. We observe that the first layer of C_(60) molecules self-assembles into a well-ordered, close-packed arrangement on graphene upon molecular deposition at room temperature while exhibiting a subtle C_(60) superlattice. We measure a highest occupied molecular orbital–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital gap of ~ 3.5 eV for the C_(60) molecules on graphene in submonolayer regime, indicating a significantly smaller amount of charge transfer from the graphene to C_(60) and substrate-induced screening as compared to C_(60) adsorbed on metallic substrates. Our results have important implications for the use of graphene for future device applications that require electronic decoupling between functional molecular adsorbates and substrates

Капитальный ремонт участка магистрального газопровода на переходе через автодорогу

В данной работе рассмотрено сооружение перехода магистрального газопровода через автодорогу с укладкой защитного футляра методом горизонтального бурения при капитальном ремонте действующего перехода. Рассматривается строительство нового футляра под автодорогой, протаскивание нового участка трубопровода Ду1020 мм, монтаж прилегающих участков в 16 метрах от действующей нитки МГ без отключения газа, но со снижением давления в рабочей магистрали.In this paper, we consider the construction of the transition of the main gas pipeline through a road with the laying of the protective case by horizontal drilling while overhauling the operating transition. We are considering the construction of a new case under the road, dragging a new section of the pipeline DN1020 mm, installing adjacent areas 16 meters from the current MG line without disconnecting the gas, but with a drop in pressure in the production line

Open loop Kelvin probe force microscopy with single and multi-frequency excitation

Conventional Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) relies on closed loop (CL) bias feedback for the determination of surface potential (SP). However, SP measured by CL-KPFM has been shown to be strongly influenced by the choice of measurement parameters due to non-electrostatic contributions to the input signal of the bias feedback loop. This often leads to systematic errors of several hundred mV and can also result in topographical crosstalk. Here, open loop (OL)-KPFM modes are investigated as a means of obtaining a quantitative, crosstalk free measurement of the SP of graphene grown on Cu foil, and are directly contrasted with CL-KPFM. OL-KPFM operation is demonstrated in both single and multi-frequency excitation regimes, yielding quantitative SP measurements. The SP difference between single and multilayer graphene structures using OL-KPFM was found to be 63 ± 11 mV, consistent with values previously reported by CL-KPFM. Furthermore, the same relative potential difference between Al2O3-coated graphene and Al2O3-coated Cu was observed using both CL and OL techniques. We observed an offset of 55 mV between absolute SP values obtained by OL and CL techniques, which is attributed to the influence of non-electrostatic contributions to the input of the bias feedback used in CL-KPFM.Science Foundation IrelandUCD ResearchProgramme for Research in Third Level Institutions Cycle 5European Regional Development FundAlexander von Humboldt FoundationZurich Instruments13/11/27 R

Graft-versus-host disease enhanced by extracellular adenosine triphosphate activating P2X7R

none20Danger signals released upon cell damage can cause excessive immune-mediated tissue destruction like it is found in acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), allograft rejection and systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Based on its minor concentration in the extracellular space under physiological conditions1, and the expression of its receptor P2X7R on different immune cells, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) could function as a danger signal when released from dying cells. We observed increased ATP levels in the peritoneal fluid following total body irradiation, and during the development of GvHD in the mouse and in humans. Stimulation of host type antigen-presenting cells (APC) by ATP led to increased expression of CD80/CD86 and actuated a cascade of proinflammatory events, including STAT1 phosphorylation, IFN-γ production and donor type T cell expansion, while regulatory T cell frequencies were simultaneously reduced. P2X7R expression increased when GvHD evolved, rendering APC more responsive to the detrimental effects of ATP, thereby providing positive feed-back signals. ATP neutralization, P2X7R blockade or genetic deficiency during GvHD development significantly improved survival without global immune paralysis. These data have major implications for transplantation medicine since pharmacological interference with danger signals that act via P2X7R could lead to the development of tolerance, without the need for intensive immunosuppressionNature Medicine è una delle riviste scientifiche di bio-medicina più note al mondo.openWilhelm K.; Ganesan J.; Müller T.; Dürr C.; Grimm M.; Beilhack A.; Krempl C; Sorichter S; Gerlach U.V.; Jüttner E.; Zerweck A.; Gärtner F.; Pellegatti P; Ferrari D; Di Virgilio F; Kambham N; Fisch P; Finke J; Idzko M.; Zeiser R.Wilhelm, K.; Ganesan, J.; Müller, T.; Dürr, C.; Grimm, M.; Beilhack, A.; Krempl, C; Sorichter, S; Gerlach, U. V.; Jüttner, E.; Zerweck, A.; Gärtner, F.; Pellegatti, Patrizia; Ferrari, Davide; DI VIRGILIO, Francesco; Kambham, N; Fisch, P; Finke, J; Idzko, M.; Zeiser, R