Síndrome de Burnout en residentes de especialidades medico quirúrgicas del Hospital Militar Escuela Dr. Alejandro Dávila Bolaños. Período Enero 2020 – Octubre 2020

Tema y tipo de estudio: “Síndrome de Burnout en residentes de especialidades medico quirúrgicas del Hospital Militar Escuela Dr. Alejandro Dávila Bolaños. Período Enero 2020 – Octubre 2020.” El diseño del estudio es descriptivo, observacional, prospectivo de corte transversal. Objetivo general: Determinar prevalencia del síndrome de burnout en médicos residentes de especialidades clínicas que brindan atención en el HMEADB. Muestra y muestreo: se estudiaron un total de 104 pacientes, y se escogieron a través de un muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple. Conclusión: El 56.7% eran del sexo femenino. El rango de edad comprendida estaba entre los 25 y 30 años (80.8%). Aproximadamente dos tercios se encuentra soltero (66.3%). La mayor parte está conformada por residentes de Medicina interna (25.0%). Se determino que el agotamiento emocional fue Alto en el 70.2%, la despersonalización en el 62.5% y en cuanto a la realización personal el 59.6% se encontraba en la categoría de Baja realización personal. La prevalencia global del Síndrome de burnout en los participantes fue del 46.2%. Se determino que las mujeres eran el grupo más afectado (58.3%, OR=1.3), al igual que los adultos jóvenes entre los 25 – 30 años (83.3% OR=1.4), Solteros (66.7%, OR=1.1) y residentes de Medicina interna (18.8%, OR=0.5). Palabras claves: Síndrome de Burnout, Test de Maslach Burnout Index (MBI), síndrome del trabajador quemad

Effect of Income Level and Perception of Susceptibility and Severity of COVID-19 on Stay-at-Home Preventive Behavior in a Group of Older Adults in Mexico City

Early information on public health behaviors adopted to prevent the spread of coronavirus (COVID-19) may be useful in controlling the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission. The objective of this study was to assess the role of income level (IL) and the perception of older adults, regarding COVID-19 susceptibility and severity, on adopting stay-at-home preventive behavior during the first week of the outbreak in Mexico. Participants in this cross-sectional study were urban community dwellers, aged ≥ 65 years from Mexico City. A total of 380 interviews were conducted over the phone. The mean respondent age was 72.9 years, and 76.1% were women. Over half (54.2%) of the participants perceived their susceptibility to COVID-19 as very low or low. Similarly, 33.4% perceived COVID-19 severity as being very low or low, and 57.6% had decided to stay at home: this behavior was associated with IL (β = 1.05, p < 0.001), and its total effect was partially mediated (15.1%) by perceived severity. Educational attainment was also associated with staying at home (β = 0.10, p = 0.018) and its total effect was partially mediated (15.0%) by perceived susceptibility. Interventions aimed at low income and less educated older adults should be developed to improve preventive behaviors in this vulnerable group during the COVID-19 pandemic

Impact of caries and dental fluorosis on oral health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional study in schoolchildren receiving water naturally fluoridated at above-optimal levels

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of caries and fluorosis on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among schoolchildren living in areas with high concentrations of fluoride in water. Methods Five hundred and twenty-four schoolchildren (8–12 year olds) residing in rural communities in central Mexico were examined for oral hygiene, caries (International Caries Detection and Assessment System, ICDAS II), and fluorosis (Thylstrup and Fejerskov Index, TFI). OHRQoL was evaluated with the Child Perceptions Questionnaire for two age groups (CPQ8–10 and CPQ11–14). Generalized structural equation models were constructed for data analysis. Results Overall prevalence of caries was 88.5% and fluorosis 46.9%. In the group of 8–10 year olds, 48% of the children had advanced carious lesions in primary or permanent teeth (ICDAS ≥4), 22.6% had moderate/severe fluorosis, and 59.9% of children had an impact on OHRQoL. Schoolchildren with ICDAS ≥4 were more likely [OR = 1.75, (95% CI 1.34–2.28)] to suffer a negative impact on OHRQoL. In the group of 11–12 year olds, 19.9% of children had advanced carious lesions and 23.2% showed moderate/severe fluorosis; 67.3% of children reported had an impact on OHRQoL. Children 11–12 year olds with fluorosis (TFI ≥4) [OR = 2.39 (95% CI 2.12–2.69)], caries (ICDAS ≥4) [OR = 2.18 (95% CI 2.13–2.24)], and low brushing frequency [OR = 2.04 (95% CI 1.21–3.44)] were more likely to have deterioration on OHRQoL. Conclusion A negative impact on OHRQoL was observed in children with caries and fluorosis

Comparison of body fat percentage assessments by bioelectrical impedance analysis, anthropometrical prediction equations, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in older women

Background: Individuals with high body fat have a higher risk of mortality. Numerous anthropometric-based predictive equations are available for body composition assessments; furthermore, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) estimates are available. However, in older adults, the validity of body fat estimates requires further investigation. Objective: To assess the agreement between percentage body fat (BF%) estimates by BIA and five predictive equations based on anthropometric characteristics using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as reference method. A secondary objective was to identify whether excluding short-stature women improves the agreement of BF% estimates in a group of community-dwelling, older Mexican women. Methods: A concordance analysis of BF% was performed. A total of 121 older women participated in the study. Anthropometric information, BIA, and DXA body composition estimates were obtained. Five equations using anthropometric data were evaluated in order to determine body fat percentage (BF%) using DXA as reference method. Paired t-test comparisons and standard error of estimates (SEE) were obtained. The Bland-Altman plot with 95% limits of agreement and the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) were used to evaluate the BF% prediction equations and BIA estimates. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 73.7 ( 5.8) years old. BIA and the anthropometric based equations examined showed mean significant differences when tested in the entire sample. For the taller women (height > 145 cm), no significant difference in the paired comparison was found between DXA and BIA of BF% estimates. The mean BF% was 40.3 ( 4.8) and 40.7 ( 6.2) for DXA and BIA, respectively. The concordance between methods was good (CCC 0.814), (SEE 2.62). Also, in the taller women subset, the Woolcott equation using waist-to-height ratio presented no significant difference in the paired comparison; however, the error of the estimates was high (SEE 3.37) and the concordance was moderate (CCC 0.693). Conclusion: This study found that BIA yielded good results in the estimation of BF% among women with heights over 145 cm. Also, in this group, theWoolcott predictive equation based on waist circumference and height ratio showed no significant differences compared to DXA in the paired comparison; however, the large error of estimates observed may limit its application. In older women, short stature may impact the validity of the body fat percentage estimates of anthropometric-based predictive equations

EL RECICLAJE TECNOLÓGICO COMO CONTRIBUCIÓN AL CUIDADO DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE Y A UNA EDUCACIÓN ECONÓMICAMENTE SOSTENIBLE, CASO UNIDAD ACADÉMICA DE ECONOMÍA

El siguiente trabajo corresponde a una experiencia profesional, un proceso que se ha llevado a cabo junto con estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Informática de la Unidad Académica de Economía de la Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit y un estudiante del CONALEP 169. El origen de este proyecto se generó a partir de la necesidad de adquirir componentes electrónicos para uso en prácticas de laboratorio y que con el aumento del dólar su precio se incrementó considerablemente. Actualmente vemos que grandes cantidades de desechos tecnológicos son generados por instituciones públicas y privadas, este consumismo ha venido a incrementar el uso de nuevas tecnologías desechadas al poco tiempo y sustituidas por aparatos novedosos, saber aprovechar bien lo que es potencialmente reciclable y desechar correctamente lo que contamina es el reto al que nos enfrentamos en una sociedad excesivamente consumidora que no está siendo productora de su propio conocimiento tecnológico, estamos quedando obsoletos entre países que representan una potencia tecnológica, el rezago tecnológico educativo es aún más marcado. Tenemos que buscar estrategias para solventar una problemática educativa mediante la solución de una consecuencia de impacto ambiental. El reciclaje de componentes electrónicos es una opción que debemos aprovechar

CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN SISTEMA DE ADQUISICIÓN DE TEMPERATURA DE SUELO Y NIVEL DE MANTO FREÁTICO PARA APLICACIONES EN BOMBAS DE CALOR DE FUENTES TERRESTRES (CONSTRUCTION OF A SYSTEM FOR THE ACQUISITION OF SOIL TEMPERATURE AND GROUND FLOOR LEVEL FOR APPLICATIONS IN HEAT PUMPS FROM GROUND SOURCES)

Resumen Las bombas de calor de fuente terrestre son sistemas renovables y amigables con el medio ambiente que utilizan la energía subterránea superficial para lograr la calefacción y refrigeración de espacios con el fin de brindar comodidad térmica. En el presente trabajo se presenta la implementación de un sistema de adquisición de datos de nivel freático y temperatura del subsuelo para aplicaciones en bombas de calor de fuentes terrestres. Se han hecho investigaciones sobre el suelo para conocer sus características térmicas en diferentes ciudades de México, sin embargo, no se han hecho estas investigaciones en la zona de Ciudad del Carmen Campeche. Se utilizaron sondas de temperatura Dallas ds18b20 y un sensor de distancia ultrasónico HC-SR04. Para la transmisión y recepción inalámbrica se utilizó el transceptor NRF24L01. El sistema de lectura de sensores-transmisión y el sistema de recepción-adquisición de datos fue implementado con el microcontrolador Atmega328p en una tarjeta de desarrollo de prototipos Arduino uno. El sistema de lectura y transmisión de datos fue del tipo autónomo alimentado por un panel solar de 12 voltios y 450 mah de tipo mono cristalino. Se utilizó una batería de plomo-ácido de 12 voltios. La adquisición de datos del receptor a una computadora personal fue a través del puerto USB, utilizando el software Processing, el cual almacena los datos cada hora en una hoja de cálculo. Los datos fueron recibidos y almacenados adecuadamente, de igual forma el sistema de energía fotovoltaica funcionó ininterrumpidamente. Palabras Clave: Arduino, sensor de nivel de agua, Sensores de temperatura. Abstract Ground Source Heat Pumps are environmentally friendly, renewable systems that use surface underground energy to achieve space heating and cooling for thermal comfort. In this work, the implementation of a temperature and water table data acquisition system for applications in Ground Source Heat Pump is presented. Investigations have been made on the soil to know its thermal characteristics in different cities of Mexico; however these investigations have not been done in the Ciudad del Carmen Campeche area. Dallas ds18b20 temperature probes and an HC-SR04 ultrasonic distance sensor were used. For wireless transmission and reception, the NRF24L01 transceiver was used. The sensor reading-transmission system and the data reception-acquisition system were implemented with the Atmega328p microcontroller on an Arduino Uno prototype development board. The data transmission and reading system was of the autonomous type, powered by a 12 V, 450 mah mono-crystalline type solar cell. A 12 volts lead-acid battery was used. The acquisition of data from the receiver to the pc was through the USB port, using the software processing, which stores the data every hour in a spreadsheet. The acquisition of data from the receiver to a personal computer was through the usb port, using processing software, which stores the data every hour in a spreadsheet. The data was received and stored properly, in the same way the photovoltaic energy system worked without interruption. Keywords: Arduino, CNC, GRBL, lineal interpolation, Self-leveling

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO