Synthesis, characterization, and enhanced electrochemical behavior of polypyrrole doped ZrO2–ZnO electrode materials for supercapacitor applications

The polypyrrole@ZrO2–ZnO (PPy@ZrO2–ZnO) electrodes were synthesized using an in situ chemical oxidative method. The samples were characterized by XRD, FTIR, XPS, UV-vis, TGA, and BET. In addition, the electrochemical characteristics of the electrodes are tested by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge and discharge (G.C.D.), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (E.I.S.). The values of the specific capacitances and the energy densities of PPy@ZrO2–ZnO (1.0) and PPy@ZrO2–ZnO (0.5) at a current density of 0.5 A g−1 are recorded as (395.3 F g−1 and 508.5 Wh·kg−1) and (195.3 F g−1 and 351.5 Wh·kg−1), respectively. Furthermore, the electrode stability for the formed samples was also determined, which exhibited specific capacitance retention at 90.2% for PPy@ZrO2–ZnO (1.0) and 82.4% for PPy@ZrO2–ZnO (0.5) after cycling up to 4,000 cycles. This work provides an efficient approach to the potential of the synthesized samples for application as electrodes in a supercapacitor

Synthèse et caractérisation des nanocomposites biodégradables élaborés par trois procédés (intercalation en solution, polymérisation in situ et par voie fondue)

Accès restreint aux membres de l'Université de Lorraine jusqu'au 2017-12-31The introduction of nano-fillers into polymers field lead to the creation of the nanocomposites. This creation is starting up a new revolution into the world of materials. Nanocomposites are similar to traditional composite of a polymer blend and filler with at least one nano-scopic dimension. In our project, we worked with nanocomposites of biodegradable polymers: polyacidlactic and polycaprolactone, combined with different nanoclays "kaolin and bentonite" and with different nano-organo-clays. These nanocomposites have been prepared by different methods (solution intercalation, in situ polymerization and melt mixture methods). The advantage of these polymers is their degradability and biocompatibility. A study of the relationship between development, microsctructure and physico-chemical properties of nanocomposites, clays modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and Hexadecyltriméthy ammonium bromide (CTAB) and untreated clays were made. In situ polymerization and melt mixture methods are most suitable methods to get a better dispersion named exfoliation. The study of the adsorption capacity of Co (II), Cd (II), Cu (II) and Ni (II) by these two raw adsorbents (kaolin and bentonite) increases significantly with increasing pH. This capacity is two and half times higher in the case of bentonite than in kaolin. The comparative study of adsorption kinetics, we revealed rapid kinetics of the order of 6 minutes for the Co (II), 10 min for the Ni (II), 15 min for the Cd (II) and an average kinetic order of 120 minutes for Cu (II) both for the bentonite that for kaolin. The study of the adsorption of Co (II), Cd (II), Cu (II) and Ni (II) by these materials (raw clays, organically and nanocomposites prepared by different methods) shows that the adsorption capacity of these heavy metals is important in the case modified clay by APTESL’introduction des nano-charges dans le milieu des polymères donna naissance aux nanocomposites et révolutionna l’univers des matériaux. Les nanocomposites sont à l’instar des composites traditionnels, un mélange de polymère et d’une charge avec au moins une dimension nanoscopique. Dans le cadre de notre projet, nous avons travaillé avec des nanocomposites à base des polymères biodégradables : polyacidelactique et polycaprolactone, combinés avec différentes nano-argiles «kaolin et bentonite» et avec différentes nano-organo-argiles. Ces nanocomposites ont été préparés par différentes méthodes (intercalation en solution, polymérisation in situ et la méthode de la voie fondue). L’avantage de ces polymères est dans leur dégradabilité ainsi que leur biocompatibilité. Une étude des relations entre l’élaboration, la microsctructure et les propriétés physico-chimiques des nanocomposites, des argiles modifiées par 3-aminopropyltriéthoxysilane (APTES) et Bromure d’Hexadecyltriméthy ammonium (CTAB) et des argiles non traitées ont été réalisés. La polymérisation in situ et le mélange à l’état fondu sont les méthodes les plus appropriées pour obtenir une meilleure dispersion nommée exfoliation. L’étude de la capacité d’adsorption du Co (II), Cd (II), Cu (II) et Ni (II) par ces deux adsorbants bruts (kaolin et bentonite) croit considérablement avec l’augmentation du pH. Cette capacité est 2 fois et demie plus importante dans le cas de la bentonite que dans celui du kaolin. L’étude comparative des cinétiques d’adsorption, nous a révélé une cinétique rapide de l’ordre de 6 min dans le cas du cobalt, 10 min dans le cas du nickel, 15 min dans le cas du cadmium et une cinétique moyenne de l’ordre de 120 minutes pour Cu (II) aussi bien pour la bentonite que pour le kaolin. L’étude de l’adsorption du Co (II), Cd (II), Cu(II) et Ni (II) par ces matériaux (argiles brutes, argiles organiquement modifiées et nanocomposites préparés par différentes méthodes) montre que la capacité d’adsorption de ces métaux lourds est importante dans le cas de l’argile modifiée par APTE

Synthesis and characterization of biodegradable nanocomposites produced by three processes (intercalation in solution, in situ polymerization and melt)

L’introduction des nano-charges dans le milieu des polymères donna naissance aux nanocomposites et révolutionna l’univers des matériaux. Les nanocomposites sont à l’instar des composites traditionnels, un mélange de polymère et d’une charge avec au moins une dimension nanoscopique. Dans le cadre de notre projet, nous avons travaillé avec des nanocomposites à base des polymères biodégradables : polyacidelactique et polycaprolactone, combinés avec différentes nano-argiles «kaolin et bentonite» et avec différentes nano-organo-argiles. Ces nanocomposites ont été préparés par différentes méthodes (intercalation en solution, polymérisation in situ et la méthode de la voie fondue). L’avantage de ces polymères est dans leur dégradabilité ainsi que leur biocompatibilité. Une étude des relations entre l’élaboration, la microsctructure et les propriétés physico-chimiques des nanocomposites, des argiles modifiées par 3-aminopropyltriéthoxysilane (APTES) et Bromure d’Hexadecyltriméthy ammonium (CTAB) et des argiles non traitées ont été réalisés. La polymérisation in situ et le mélange à l’état fondu sont les méthodes les plus appropriées pour obtenir une meilleure dispersion nommée exfoliation. L’étude de la capacité d’adsorption du Co (II), Cd (II), Cu (II) et Ni (II) par ces deux adsorbants bruts (kaolin et bentonite) croit considérablement avec l’augmentation du pH. Cette capacité est 2 fois et demie plus importante dans le cas de la bentonite que dans celui du kaolin. L’étude comparative des cinétiques d’adsorption, nous a révélé une cinétique rapide de l’ordre de 6 min dans le cas du cobalt, 10 min dans le cas du nickel, 15 min dans le cas du cadmium et une cinétique moyenne de l’ordre de 120 minutes pour Cu (II) aussi bien pour la bentonite que pour le kaolin. L’étude de l’adsorption du Co (II), Cd (II), Cu(II) et Ni (II) par ces matériaux (argiles brutes, argiles organiquement modifiées et nanocomposites préparés par différentes méthodes) montre que la capacité d’adsorption de ces métaux lourds est importante dans le cas de l’argile modifiée par APTESThe introduction of nano-fillers into polymers field lead to the creation of the nanocomposites. This creation is starting up a new revolution into the world of materials. Nanocomposites are similar to traditional composite of a polymer blend and filler with at least one nano-scopic dimension. In our project, we worked with nanocomposites of biodegradable polymers: polyacidlactic and polycaprolactone, combined with different nanoclays "kaolin and bentonite" and with different nano-organo-clays. These nanocomposites have been prepared by different methods (solution intercalation, in situ polymerization and melt mixture methods). The advantage of these polymers is their degradability and biocompatibility. A study of the relationship between development, microsctructure and physico-chemical properties of nanocomposites, clays modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and Hexadecyltriméthy ammonium bromide (CTAB) and untreated clays were made. In situ polymerization and melt mixture methods are most suitable methods to get a better dispersion named exfoliation. The study of the adsorption capacity of Co (II), Cd (II), Cu (II) and Ni (II) by these two raw adsorbents (kaolin and bentonite) increases significantly with increasing pH. This capacity is two and half times higher in the case of bentonite than in kaolin. The comparative study of adsorption kinetics, we revealed rapid kinetics of the order of 6 minutes for the Co (II), 10 min for the Ni (II), 15 min for the Cd (II) and an average kinetic order of 120 minutes for Cu (II) both for the bentonite that for kaolin. The study of the adsorption of Co (II), Cd (II), Cu (II) and Ni (II) by these materials (raw clays, organically and nanocomposites prepared by different methods) shows that the adsorption capacity of these heavy metals is important in the case modified clay by APTE

Effect of the Degree of Ionization on the Insertion of Polyvinylpyridinium Salts into Bentonite

The present work reports the effect of the degree of α ionization of poly(4-vinylpyridinium) salts (P4VPS) on the insertion of these polymer salts into bentonite. Nanocomposite materials made of a Na-montmorillonite mineral with poly(4-vinylpyridinium) salts (P4VPS) have been synthesised and characterised. The modified samples were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The basic spacing of unmodified montmorillonite, determined by XRD, was measured to be 1.38 nm; it was found to increase after modification up to 1.50 nm. The insertion capacity of P4VPS into bentonite increased with the increasing degree of quaternisated nitrogen sites in the polymer

Biosorptive Removal of Zinc from Aqueous Solution by Algerian <i>Calotropis procera</i> Roots

International audiencePotentially toxic trace elements, such as zinc, with high levels in water are very serious problems in many places around the world, sometimes in relation to natural sources and in other cases to anthropogenic ones. Adsorption process is among the most effective techniques for removing of many heavy metal ions from different types of water. In this study, an attempt has been made to investigate the efficiency of Calotropis procera roots (CP) in removing of Zn(II) from aqueous solution by using batch mode technique. During the removal process, the effects of solution pH, Zn concentrations and contact time on adsorption efficiency by CP roots were studied. Experimental equilibrium data were analyzed by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The results showed that the best fit was achieved with the Langmuir isotherm equation with maximum ad-sorption capacity of 9.69 mg/g. The biosorption of Zn(II) was a fast process and followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic

Adsorption of Congo Red from Aqueous Solution Using CTAB-Kaolin from Bechar Algeria

International audienceCetyltrimethylammonium bromide-modified kaolin (CTAB-kaolin or KC) was prepared and tested as an adsorbent for an anionic dye Congo red (CR) removal from aqueous solution in comparison with natural kaolin (K). The effect of various experimental parameters was investigated using a batch adsorption technique. In this manner, the adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics of CR on K and KC were examined. The isothermal data could be well described by the Langmuir equation and the dynamical data fit well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The ad-sorption capacity of modified kaolin KC (24.46 mg/g) was found to be around 4 times higher than that of natural kaolin K (5.94 mg/g). The KC demonstrated the highest adsorption capacity by removing over 98% of CR after ten minutes of contact. These results indicate that CTAB-kaolin could be employed as low-cost alternative to activated carbon in wastewater treatment for the removal of colour which comes from industrial effluents of textile activities, tanning or printing

Removal of Zn (II) from Aqueous Solution onto Kaolin by Batch Design

International audienceThe Algerian kaolin clay was investigated to remove Zn(II) heavy metal ion from aqueous solution. The effect of contact time, initial metal ion concentration, pH and temperature was experimentally studied in batch mode to evaluate the adsorption capacity, kinetic, thermodynamic and equilibrium. The extent of zinc adsorption increased with increasing initial concentration of adsorbat, pH and temperature. The linear Langmuir and Freundlich models were applied to describe equilibrium isotherms and both models fitted well. The monolayer adsorption capacity for Zn(II) ions was 12.23 mg per g of kaolin clay at pH 6.1 and 25˚C. Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherm model was also applied to the equilibrium data. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption of Zn(II) onto kaolin clay was spontaneous and endothermic process in nature. Furthermore, the Lagergren-first-order and pseudo-second-order models were used to describe the kinetic data. The experimental data fitted well the pseudo-second-order kinetic. As a result, the kaolin clay may be used for removal of zinc from aqueous media