Cooking patties from a frozen state, endpoint temperature, and post-cookery chilling affect internal and external color and cooking losses in ground beef patties

To determine the effects of cooking state (frozen vs. thawed), endpoint temperature (65.5 vs. 73.9°C), and post-cookery chilling on color of ground beef patties, 85% coarse-ground beef was purchased and ground through a 9.5-mm plate, formed into 115-g patties, and crust frozen before 4 patties were vacuum packaged and stored at -10 °C. Packages were either thawed in a water bath for 2 h prior to cooking or cooked directly from frozen. Within each package, patties were weighed before being cooked to their assigned temperature (65.5 or 73.9oC) and either allowed to cool at room temperature on paper plates or placed in a plastic baggie and submerged in an ice water bath. Patty temperature was monitored at 0, 1, 5, 10, 15, and 30 min post-cooking, and patties were reweighed to calculate cook loss percentage before external and internal instrumental color (L*, a*,and b*) was measured on each patty. Patties cooked from frozen, to 73.9°C, or cooled at room temperature had greater (P \u3c 0.05) cooking losses than those cooked from a thawed state, to 65.5°C, or cooled in an ice bath, respectively. External color of patties cooked from a thawed state was lighter (greater L*; P \u3c 0.05), redder (greater a*; P \u3c 0.05), and more yellow (greater b*; P \u3c 0.05) than those cooked from frozen. Moreover, L*, a*, and b* values were greater (P \u3c 0.05) for the surface of patties cooked to 65.5 than 73.9°C, whereas L*, a*, and b* values were greater (P \u3c 0.05) externally for patties cooled in an ice bath than those cooled at room temperature. Internally, patties cooked from frozen, cooked to 65.5°C, or cooled in an ice bath were lighter (P \u3c 0.05) than those cooked from a thawed state, cooked to 73.9°C, or cooled at room temperature, respectively. Patties cooked to 65.5°C from a thawed state had the greatest (P \u3c 0.05) internal a* and b* values, whereas frozen patties cooked to 73.9°C had the least red and yellow (P \u3c 0.05) internal color. Moreover, thawed patties cooked and chilled in an ice bath were redder (P \u3c 0.05) internally than other cooking state × cooling method combinations. It was expected that cooking to 65.5°C would result in redder internal cooked color, but persistent redness was also observed when patties were cooked from a thawed, rather than frozen, state and when cooled in an ice bath

Cataloguing the World Wide Web: CORC at Edinburgh University

This article examines Edinburgh University Library’s experience of using OCLC’s Co-operative Online Resource Catalogue (CORC). It discusses the project phase of CORC, its functionality, including automatic metadata harvesting and its ability to map between MARC and Dublin Core metadata formats. It also looks at how CORC fits into Edinburgh University Library’s policies regarding web resources, highlighting benefits and concerns associated with the system.Postprin

Integrins engage mitochondrial function for signal transduction by a mechanism dependent on Rho GTPases.

We show here the transient activation of the small GTPase Rac, followed by a rise in reactive oxygen species (ROS), as necessary early steps in a signal transduction cascade that lead to NFkappaB activation and collagenase-1 (CL-1)/matrix metalloproteinase-1 production after integrin-mediated cell shape changes. We show evidence indicating that this constitutes a new mechanism for ROS production mediated by small GTPases. Activated RhoA also induced ROS production and up-regulated CL-1 expression. A Rac mutant (L37) that prevents reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton prevented integrin-induced CL-1 expression, whereas mutations that abrogate Rac binding to the neutrophil NADPH membrane oxidase in vitro (H26 and N130) did not. Instead, ROS were produced by integrin-induced changes in mitochondrial function, which were inhibited by Bcl-2 and involved transient membrane potential loss. The cells showing this transient decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential were already committed to CL-1 expression. These results unveil a new molecular mechanism of signal transduction triggered by integrin engagement where a global mitochondrial metabolic response leads to gene expression rather than apoptosis

Pengetahuan dan sosialisasi pajak kepada calon wajib pajak masa depan

Based on the Tridarma in higher education, namely education, research, and community service, therefore, it is hoped that universities can carry out this dharma maximally and effectively. Community service is a tertiary education program that is very well received in socializing and introducing new systems to the community to increase public knowledge. One way to increase public knowledge is to provide debriefing through the dissemination of knowledge, skills, and practices that are useful for the community to improve quality. Community Service is a form of student creativity program in carrying out dharma in higher education. The Service Program that is carried out is "The importance of tax knowledge and socialization to prospective future taxpayers". The form of this program is socialization and assistance in increasing enthusiasm and learning about taxes. Based on the Community Service program above, which is to create students to increase synergy in the community, and apply the science and technology that has been learned. Help empower secondary school children through learning about taxes and how to be good taxpayers. It is hoped that with this PKM, the mindset or mindset can change and be accepted by the community and the PKM participants themselves so that they become obedient taxpayers in the future. Keywords : Taxation, Socialization, TaxpayersABSTRAKBerdasarkan kepada Tridarma diperguruan tinggi yaitu pendidikan, penelitian dan pengabdian kepada masyarakat, oleh karena itu kiranya perguruan tinggi dapat melaksanakan darma tesebut dengan maksimal dan efektif. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat merupakan darma perguruaan tinggi yang diterima sangat baik dalam mensosialisasikan dan mengenalkan sistem baru kepada masyarakat untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat. Salah satu cara meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat adalah dengan memberikan pembekalan melalui sosialisasi pengetahuan, keterampilan dan praktek yang berguna bagi masyarakat untuk meningkatkan kualitas. Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat merupakan wujud program kreativitas mahasiswa dalam melaksanakan darma diperguruan tinggi. Program Pengabdian yang diusung adalah “Pentingnya pengetahuan dan sosialisasi pajak kepada calon wajib pajak masa depanâ€. Bentuk dari program ini adalah sosialisasi dan pendampingan dalam meningkatkan semangat dan pembelajaran mengenai pajak. Berdasarkan program Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat di atas yakni mewujudkan para mahasiswa meningkatkan sinergi pada masyarakat, menerapkan ilmu dan teknologi yang sudah di pelajari. Membantu pemberdayaan anak-anak sekolah menengah melalui pembelajaran pajak dan bagaimana menjadi wajib pajak yang baik. Diharapkan dengan adanya PKM ini mindset atau pola pikir dapat berubah dan diterima oleh masyarakat maupun peserta PKM itu sendiri sehingga menjadi wajib pajak yang taat di masa depan. Kata Kunci : Perpajakan, Sosialisasi, Wajib Paja

Peningkatan wawasan karyawan terkait pentingnya audit internal perusahaan

Community service, as one of the pillars of higher education, occupies a strategic position in drawing and educating the community to improve the quality of life of the community. The form of coaching that is considered the most realistic is none other than providing provision through skills training and mentoring that is considered useful for the local community audience. A company can be seen as an organizational system consisting of human resources, natural resources and other sources to achieve a goal. With the existence of human resources and in line with the concept of the globalization era, there will be more and more problems that companies must face in more complex competition. It requires company leaders to be more effective and efficient in managing their companies, and internal auditors must delegate their duties, authorities and responsibilities so that the company's internal control system runs well. The implementation method is the counseling method, by going through the preparation, implementation, and results stages. Based on the results of the PKM team's observations during the activity, the interest from private employees towards the material provided was very high. The enthusiasm of the participants and the average participant were active in listening to the counseling material. Private employees' high curiosity shows this observation, so many questions are asked to the informants. The activity of the resource persons who also asked questions of the participants to what extent they knew the role of internal auditors was shown by the many questions contained in the PKM counselingAbstrakPengabdian pada masyarakat sebagai salah satu darma perguruaan tinggi menepati posisi yang strategis dalam menimba dan mendidik masyarakat untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup masyarakat. Adapun wujud pembinaan tersebut yang dianggap paling realitis tidak lain, memberikan pembekalan melalui pelatihan keterampilan dan pendampingan yang dianggap berguna bagi khalayak masyarakat setempat. Suatu perusahaan dapat dilihat sebagai sebuah sistem organisasi yang terdiri atas sumber daya manusia, sumber daya alam dan sumber-sumber lainnya untuk mencapai suatu tujuan. Adanya sumber daya manusia dan sejalan dengan adanya konsep era globalisasi, akan semakin banyak masalah yang harus dihadapi oleh perusahaan dalam persaingan yang lebih komplek. Hal ini menuntut para pemimpin perusahaan harus lebih efektif dan efisien dalam mengelola perusahaannya, dan dibutuhkan auditor internal dalam mendelegasikan tugas, wewenang, dan tanggung jawabnya agar sistem pengendalian intern perusahaan berjalan dengan baik. Metode pelaksanaan dengan metode penyuluhan, dengan melalui tahap persiapan, tahap pelaksanaan dan tahap hasil. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan tim PKM pada saat kegiatan berlangsung, animo dari karyawan swasta terhadap materi yang diberikan sangat tinggi. Antusiasme peserta dan rata-rata peserta aktif dalam mengikuti menyimak materi penyuluhan. Pengamatan ini ditunjukkan dengan rasa ingin tahu karyawan swasta yang tinggi sehingga banyak pertanyaan yang dilontarkan pada narasumber. Keaktifan narasumber yang juga melontarkan pertanyaan pada peserta sejauh mana mereka mengenal peran auditor internal ditunjukkan dengan banyak nya pertanyaan pertanyaan yang diajukan dalam penyuluhan PKM

4−Equitable Tree Labelings

We assign the labels {0,1,2,3} to the vertices of a graph; each edge is assigned the absolute difference of the incident vertices’ labels. For the labeling to be 4−equitable, we require the edge labels and vertex labels to each be distributed as uniformly as possible. We study 4−equitable labelings of different trees and prove all cater-pillars, symmetric generalized n−stars (or symmetric spiders), and complete n −ary trees for all n ∈ N are 4−equitable

First Class Call Stacks: Exploring Head Reduction

Weak-head normalization is inconsistent with functional extensionality in the call-by-name $\lambda$-calculus. We explore this problem from a new angle via the conflict between extensionality and effects. Leveraging ideas from work on the $\lambda$-calculus with control, we derive and justify alternative operational semantics and a sequence of abstract machines for performing head reduction. Head reduction avoids the problems with weak-head reduction and extensionality, while our operational semantics and associated abstract machines show us how to retain weak-head reduction's ease of implementation.Comment: In Proceedings WoC 2015, arXiv:1606.0583

ANALISIS FUNCTIONAL ATTRIBUTES PADA DESTINASI PARIWISATA KOTA BANDA ACEH DAN KOTA MEDAN

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Analisis Functional AttributesPada Destinasi Pariwisata Kota Banda Aceh dan Kota Medan. Sampel yang diambildalam penelitian ini adalah wisatawan yang mengunjungi objek wisata kota BandaAceh dan kota Medan, selain itu responden yang diambil adalah wisatwan yang telahmenginap minimal satu malam ditempat tujuan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakankuesioner sebagai instrumen penelitian. Kuesioner yang berhasil dianalisis sebanyak300 kuesioner, dimana kuesioner dibagi atas dua bagian yaitu 150 kuesionerdigunakan untuk wisatawan kota Banda Aceh dan 150 untuk kota Medan. Teknikpengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah non-probability sampling, teknik inidigunakan dikarekan profotabilitas elemen dalam populasi untuk terpilih sebagaisampel tidak diketahui, dan jenis yang digunakan adalah purposive, dimana populasitersebut memiliki karakteristik tertentu sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai responden.Uji-t independent sample testdigunakan sebagai metode analisis untuk mengetahuiperbedaan variabel-variabel yang terlibat. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwaadanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara kunjungan wisatawan yang berkunjung kekotra Banda Aceh dan kota Medan. Hal ini dibuktikan berdasarkan hasil perhitungandimana thitung>t.Kata Kunci : functional Attributes, Customer Based Brand Equity (CBBE) tabe