Evaluating the Relationship between Maternal Attachment Styles and Children's Separation Anxiety Level: The Mediating Role of Mothers’ Maternal Early Maladaptive Schemas

Backgrounds: This study was aimed to evaluate the relationship between maternal attachment style and early maladaptive schemas and the separation anxiety level of children aged 3 to 6 years in the city of Mashhad. Methods: The research sample consisted of 300 mothers with children aged 3 to 6 years who were selected from kindergartens in Mashhad (Iran) by random clustered sampling method. We used Hazan and Shaver’s adult attachment questionnaire, young schemas questionnaire - short form, and the separation anxiety questionnaire (parents’ form) to collect the data. We also used the correlation coefficient and the path analysis model to examine and test the research hypotheses. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-20 and Amos 20 software. Results: The results showed that ambivalent and avoidant attachment styles are mediated by the emotional deprivation, abandonment, dependence, and social isolation schemas and predict separation anxiety. Conclusion: Therefore, among the early maladaptive schemas, emotional deprivation, abandonment, dependence, and social isolation play a mediating role concerning the attachment styles and separation anxiety, which can be used in the design of treatment plans. Keywords: Separation anxiety, Early maladaptive schemas, Attachment styles, Mother

The effectiveness of psychological empowerment program on emotion regulation of patients with a history of sleeve surgery

Background and purpose: It is one of the important variables that should be considered in people after sleeve surgery. We can refer to psychological well-being. Psychological well-being is defined as the existence of favorable cognitive and emotional psychological documents. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of the psychological empowerment program on emotion regulation in patients with a history of sleeve surgery. Methods: The present study is a semi-experimental type in which a pre-test-post-test design was conducted with a control group with measurement at the baseline after the intervention and three-month follow-up. The number of 50 patients with a history of sleeve surgery referred to Parsian Hospital in Tehran between September 2020 and May 2021, taking into account the entry criteria, 40 of those who were willing to participate in the research (with written consent) were selected and It was done through random replacement in the following way and they were randomly assigned to the psychological empowerment program group and the control group (20 people in each group). All participants completed and measured Garnsefaki's emotion regulation questionnaire in three stages. The aforementioned treatment sessions of the psychological empowerment program (8 sessions of 2.5 hours) were conducted in groups. The data were analyzed using variance analysis with repeated measurements and SPSS-21 software. Results: The results of the present study showed that the psychological empowerment program was effective on emotional regulation of patients with a history of sleeve surgery, and the stability of this effectiveness continued until the follow-up stage (P<0.001). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the psychological empowerment program was effective in regulating the emotions of patients with a history of sleeve surgery and it can be used to reduce the problems of patients with a history of sleeve surgery

پیش‌بینی کیفیت زندگی همسران جانبازان: نقش هوش معنوی و خود‌تنظیمی هیجانی

خلفية البحث وأهدافه: لا شك أن للحرب آثاراً وتداعیات فردیة، واجتماعیة، واقتصادیة، وثقافیة جسیمة علی الأفراد، وانها تخلف تداعیات ومشاکل جسدیة، ونفسیة علی الفرد وتهبط بمستوی حیاة منکوبي الحرب وأزواجهم وعوائلهم. وانطلاقاً من هذه المسلّمة القارّة تهدف هذه الورقة البحثیة إلی دراسة دور الذکاء الروحي والتنظیم العاطفي في تقییم نوعیة حیاة زوجات المحاربین القدامی في الحرب المفروضة علی إیران. منهجية البحث: اعتمدت الدراسة في بحثها علی المنهجیة الوصفیة-الإرتباطیة. والجمعیة الإحصائیة التي شملتها الدراسة فهي جمیع زوجات المحاربین القدامی تحت رعایة مؤسسة الشهداء والمحاربین القدامی في المنطقة الخامسة بطهران في العام الدراسي 2019-2020م. وقد اختیر 225 شخصاً عبر جدول کرجسي ومورغان حسب منهج أخذ العینات المتاحة وأجابوا علی استبیان الذکاء الروحي لبدیع والزملاء، ومنهج التنظیم العاطفي لجراس وجان ونوعیة الحیاة لمنظمة الصحة العالمیة. کما استخدمت الدراسة منهج الإنحدار المتعدد لرجرسیون. وقد تمت مراعاة جمیع الموارد الأخلاقیة وإضافة إلی ذلك فإن مولفي البحث لم یشیروا إلی أي تضارب في المصالح. المعطیات: اظهرت النتائج أن العلاقة بین الذکاء الروحي والتنظیم الذاتي العاطفي وبین نوعیة الحیاة، علاقة إیجابیة وذات دلالة واضحة (۰۱/0&gt;P). والنسبة المئویة لکل مکوّن من مکونات الدراسة کانت علی النحو التالي: مکوّن الذکاء الروحي 5/34 بالمئة، ومکوّن التنظیم الذاتي العاطفي 1/22 بالمئة، من مجموع مکونات نوعیة الحیاة. الاستنتاج: نظراً للنتائج التي حصلت علیها الدراسة، فإن الإعتماد علی تعالیم الذکاء الروحي والتنظیم الذاتي العاطفي لدی زوجات المحاربین القدامی الإیرانیین یؤثر في تحسین حیاتهن بشکل إیجابي وکفیل برفع مستوی الحیاة لدیهن.Background and Objective: War usually has wide personal, social, economic and cultural consequences that have a great impact on the physical and psychological problems and in general the quality of life of injured veterans and their spouses. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of spiritual intelligence and emotional self-regulation in predicting the quality of life of injured veterans' spouses. Methods: The present study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included all the spouses of injured veterans under the auspices of the Martyrs and Veterans Foundation of Tehran's District Five in the academic year 2019-2020. They answered Badee’ et al.’s Spiritual Intelligence, Gross and John’s Emotion Regulation, and WHO Quality of Life questionnaires. Multiple regression test was used to analyze the data. In this study, all the ethical considerations were observed and the authors reported no conflict of interests. Results: The results showed that the correlation of spiritual intelligence and emotional self-regulation with quality of life was positive and significant (P&lt;0.01). The components of spiritual intelligence explain 34.5% and the components of emotional self-regulation explain 22.1% of the variance in quality of life. Conclusion: According to these findings, the use of spiritual intelligence training and emotional self-regulation for injured veterans' spouses increases their quality of life.سابقه و هدف: جنگ معمولاً پیامدهای گستردۀ فردی، اجتماعی، اقتصادی و فرهنگی دارد که تأثیر بسیاری بر مشکلات جسمی و روانی و به‌طور کلی کیفیت زندگی جانبازان و همسران آنان می‌گذارد. ازاین‌رو، هدف مطالعۀ حاضر بررسی نقش هوش معنوی و خودتنظیمی هیجانی در پیش‌بینی کیفیت زندگی همسران جانبازان بود. روش کار: پژوهش حاضر از نوع توصیفی-همبستگی است. جامعۀ آماری شامل تمامی همسران جانبازان تحت پوشش بنیاد شهید و ایثارگران منطقۀ پنج شهر تهران در سال تحصیلی 1400-1399 بود که بر اساس جدول کرجسی و مورگان 225 نفر به‌شیوۀ نمونه‌گیری دردسترس انتخاب شدند و به پرسش‌نامۀ هوش معنوی بدیع و همکاران، تنظیم هیجان گراس و جان و کیفیت زندگی سازمان بهداشت جهانی پاسخ دادند. برای تجزیه‌‌وتحلیل داده‌ها از آزمون رگرسیون چندگانه استفاده شد. در این پژوهش همۀ موارد اخلاقی رعایت شده است و مؤلفان مقاله تضاد منافعی گزارش نکرده‌اند. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد همبستگی بین هوش معنوی و خودتنظیمی هیجانی با کیفیت زندگی مثبت و معنی‌دار بود (۰۱/0&gt;P) و مؤلفه‌های هوش معنوی ۵/۳۴ درصد و مؤلفه‌های خودتنظیمی هیجانی ۱/۲۲ درصد از واريانس کیفیت زندگی را تبيين کردند. نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به یافته‌های به‌دست‌آمده، کاربرد آموزش هوش معنوی و خودتنظیمی هیجانی در همسران جانبازان سبب افزایش کیفیت زندگی می‌شود

Evaluating the Relationship between Maternal Attachment Styles and Children's Separation Anxiety Level: The Mediating Role of Mothers’ Maternal Early Maladaptive Schemas

Backgrounds: This study was aimed to evaluate the relationship between maternal attachment style and early maladaptive schemas and the separation anxiety level of children aged 3 to 6 years in the city of Mashhad. Methods: The research sample consisted of 300 mothers with children aged 3 to 6 years who were selected from kindergartens in Mashhad (Iran) by random clustered sampling method. We used Hazan and Shaver’s adult attachment questionnaire, young schemas questionnaire - short form, and the separation anxiety questionnaire (parents’ form) to collect the data. We also used the correlation coefficient and the path analysis model to examine and test the research hypotheses. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-20 and Amos 20 software. Results: The results showed that ambivalent and avoidant attachment styles are mediated by the emotional deprivation, abandonment, dependence, and social isolation schemas and predict separation anxiety. Conclusion: Therefore, among the early maladaptive schemas, emotional deprivation, abandonment, dependence, and social isolation play a mediating role concerning the attachment styles and separation anxiety, which can be used in the design of treatment plans. Keywords: Separation anxiety, Early maladaptive schemas, Attachment styles, Mother

Evaluation and comparison of the effect of mod deactivation therapy (MDT) and emotional regulation (ERT) on the reduction of internalization syndrome and externalization in adolescent girls

Background: During adolescence, due to the lack of stability in the mental state of adolescents, they mainly face many problems that can lead to the emergence of emotional/behavioral problems in them. Aims: In the present study, the comparison of the effects of Mode Deactivation therapy(MDT) and emotion regulation therapy (ERT) on the reduction of internalizing and externalizing symptoms in adolescent girls. Methods: The current research is a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test with a control group. Among the teenagers visiting the clinics of Isfahan city, 30 people were diagnosed with behavioral/emotional problems through interviews, and they had the conditions to enter the research, they were selected and placed in three groups (10 people) MDT, ERT, and control, the subjects in the intervention groups received 8 sessions of 90 minutes for 8 weeks, and the individuals in the control group were placed on a waiting list and did not receive any intervention during this period. Before and after the intervention, all participants answered the adolescent Behavior Inventory Questionnaire (Achenbach & Rescular, 2002). Data were analyzed using a multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: The findings showed that ERT intervention had significant differences in the variables of internalization syndrome, anxiety/depression components, withdrawal, and externalization syndrome compared to MDT and control groups (P0.05) Conclusion: The results showed that ERT intervention is more effective than MDT in reducing the emotional and behavioral problems of adolescents due to the provision of objective and tangible training

Comparison of the effectiveness of schema therapy and its integration with the exposure and response prevention technique in treating distress tolerance of women with washing compulsions

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a chronic mental disorder that requires different treatments due to its complex nature. Schema therapy (ST) and exposure and response prevention (ERP) are two treatments that have been studied in people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and previous studies have shown them to be effective. However, few studies have investigated the effectiveness of integrating these two methods in comparison with other methods. Aims: The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the ST and the integration of schema therapy with the exposure and response prevention technique (STERP) in treating distress tolerance in women with washing compulsions. Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a 2-month follow-up. The statistical population included all women with obsessive-compulsive disorder referred to counseling centers in the north and center of Tehran from the beginning of November to the end of February 2020. Forty-five people were selected by a convenience method based on inclusion criteria. The first intervention group (ST) received 12 sessions, and the second intervention group (STERP) received 14 sessions. The research instrument included the Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) (Simmons & Gaher, 2005). Data were analyzed by mixed-design analysis of variance and Bonferroni test in SPSS-23 software. Results: The results showed that ST and STERP interventions increased distress tolerance in women with washing compulsions at the end of interventions and follow-up period (P<0.0001), but STERP was more effective in treating distress tolerance compared to the ST. Conclusion: The results showed that using exposure and response prevention methods integrated with schema therapy for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder allows the them to analyze different dimensions of anxiety-inducing stimuli and provides a more appropriate answer to it

Predicting emotional alexithymia based on emotional information processing with the mediation of emotional self-disclosure in married people

Background: Alexithymia is a type of mood disorder that causes the inability to cognitively process emotional information and regulate emotions. Spouses' Alexithymia is one of the factors affecting couples' incompatibility and interaction, which has a negative effect on their interaction and compatibility. However, there is a research gap in the field of the ability to predict Alexithymia through the ability to process emotional information with the mediation of emotional self-disclosure in the target society, so in this research, the prediction of Alexithymia based on emotional processing with the mediation of emotional self-disclosure in married people is discussed. Aims: The aim of the present study was to provide a structural model for predicting Alexithymia based on emotional processing with the mediation of emotional self-disclosure. Methods: The method of descriptive research is correlation type using structural equations. The research population was all married women who referred to counseling and assistance clinics in Robat Karim city for consensual divorce in the year2019, and 200 people were selected by available sampling method. In order to collect data, Toronto Persian scale of emotional Alexithymia (Bashart, 2007), Emotional information processing questionnaire(Abolmaali,2019) and emotional self-disclosure scale (Snell, 2001) were used. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistical methods and Also, structural equations and Spss, Lisrel software were used.. Results: The results showed that emotional self-disclosure plays a mediating role in the relationship between Alexithymia and emotional processing (p>0.05) and there is an indirect relationship between Alexithymia and emotional processing considering emotional self-disclosure as a mediating factor. Conclusion: The results of this research showed that there is a direct and meaningful relationship between emotional information processing and Alexithymia, so that among the variables of emotional processing, the variable of weakened and suppressed emotions predicts Alexithymia and in general, Alexithymia in couples can be predicted based on the mentioned variables. Therefore, these factors should be considered in prevention and treatment programs

Prediction of family resilience based on marital commitment and psychological capital in married couples of Takab city

The present study was conducted with the aim of predicting family resilience based on marital commitment and psychological capital. For this purpose, a random sample of 296 people was selected from the statistical population of married men and women in tatkab (from West Azarbaijan province). In this research, in order to collect data, McCubbin et al.'s family resilience questionnaire (1986) and Stanley and Markman's marital commitment questionnaire (1992) and Luthans Psychological Capital Questionnaire (2007), were used. The data obtained from the research were analyzed with SPSS-23 software. The results of multivariate regression showed that marital commitment can predict family resilience with 99% confidence and among the components of psychological capital, self-efficacy can predict family resilience with 95% confidence. As a result, in order to face and deal with problems and crises, it is emphasized on preserving family unity and marital commitment and psychological capital