Possible role of 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) in etifoxine-induced reduction of direct twitch responses in isolated rat nerve-skeletal muscle preparations

Purpose: To determine the effects of etifoxine on directly-elicited twitch tension of isolated rat nerveskeletal muscle preparations and to propose a possible explanation of the mechanism of the observed effect.Methods: Striated muscles contractile activity was elicited by electrical field stimulation. The effects of etifoxine and nifedipine on direct single twitch response were studied.Results: The results demonstrate that the effect of etifoxine on skeletal muscle depends on the concentrations: low concentrations (10-8 М and 10-7 М) have little effect on twitch tension, whereas higher concentrations (10-6 М and 10-5 М) induced a significant decrease in the direct single twitch response in comparison to controls. The mean IC50 (reduction of directly-elicited twitch tension) of etifoxine was 0.85 x 10-6 M. The selective L-type calcium channel blocker nifedipine (10-5 М) induced a greater decrease in the muscle force than 10-6 М etifoxine. The different abilities of etifoxine and nifedipine to reduce direct single twitch response may be related to their distinct mechanisms of action. The observed effect of etifoxine could be more complex. Probably etifoxine acts as a non-selective agent not only on L-type calcium channels Cav1.1 localized in sarcolemma but also on 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) in skeletal muscle.Conclusion: Etifoxine-induced reduction of direct twitch responses could be attributed to an effect on TSPO and Cav1.1. Knowledge of the effects of TSPO ligands on the contraction of skeletal muscle might explain the role of TSPO in muscle contractility.Keywords: Etifoxine, TSPO, Calcium channels, Direct single twitch response, Striated muscl

Denatonium benzoate decreases the effect of histamine in vitro and in rats

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of denatonium benzoate (DB) in histamine-induced model of inflammation and the effect of the selective H1 receptor agonist (2-(2-Pyridyl) ethylamine) on rat gastric smooth muscle strips pretreated with DB.Methods: The anti-inflammatory effect of DB was evaluated in vivo on histamine-induced rat paw edema. In vitro studies on spontaneous muscle contraction were performed on smooth muscle strips isolated from rat gastric corpus.Results: The results showed a well-defined anti-inflammatory effect of DB (15 mg/kg) during the early stage of rat paw edema at the 15th (p < 0.001), 30th (p < 0.01) and 60th min (p < 0.001) compared to control. In vitro experiments indicated reduced spontaneous contractile activity of smooth muscle strips to H1 receptor agonist in the presence of DB (0.5 μM). The vascular effects of histamine are mediated by H1 receptors. Substances, which reduce the effect of histamine on the H1 receptors could influence the early stage of histamine-induced inflammation.Conclusion: The results show that the anti-inflammatory activity of DB probably is related to its antagonistic activity on histamine H1 receptors. The results would contribute to the search for new antiinflammatory drugs. Keywords: Denatonium benzoate, Inflammation, Histamine, Muscle contractio

Formulation And Performance Evaluation Of Betahistine Dihydrochloride Microspheres As Sustained Release Systems

Бетагистин дигидрохлорид представляет собой гистаминовый аналог, широко применяемый для облегчения симптомов, сопутствующих синдром Мениера. По данным фармакокинетических исследований бетагистамин имеет краткую плазменную полужизнь - 3.4 ч. В таких случаях, чтобы поддерживать концентрацию плазмы во время терапевтического „окна”, приходится вводить лекарственное вещество часто, через небольшие интервалы. Это может привести к отсутствию содействия при проведении лечения со стороны пациента, как и к ухудшению его комфорта. Современный подход достижения удлиненного освобождения лекарства заключается в его включении в частицы-носители. ЦЕЛЬ: Разработать лекарство-доставляющую систему с удлиненным освобождением бетагистина, что способствовало бы уменьшению частоты приема и снижению риска появления нежелательных лекарственных реакций. МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: Микросферы получены через W/О эмульсионную технику с испарением растворителя и охарактеризованы по отношению к их размеру, оличественному содержанию бетагистина и эффективности нагрузки. Освобождение с бетагистином, приготовленные через эмульсионную технику с испарением растворителя, показывают склонность к удлиненному освобождению и имеют потенциал лекарствено-освобождающих систем при лечении синдрома Мениер

In Vitro Study of Temperature Changes in Pulp Chamber During Root Planing Procedure Using Er:YAG Laser

Aim: To assess temperature changes at specified time intervals during Er:YAG laser scaling and root planing of surfaces with dental calculus

Effects of Low Level Laser Therapy on Erosive-atrophic Oral Lichen Planus

Background: The erosive-atrophic form of oral lichen planus (OLP) is associated with severe pain and burning sensation and is often unresponsive to treatment. Topical corticosteroids are considered as a medication of first choice but they can produce adverse effects. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches are required