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    ΠžΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ Ρƒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ заболСваниями ΠΊΠΈΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° (проспСктивноС исслСдованиС)

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    Background. The intestinal microbiota, on the one hand, protects a person from pathogens, on the other hand, it itself may be one of the triggers and/or mediators of progression in inflammatory bowel diseases. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) predominantly affects young people of working age. It noted a steady increase in the incidence of IBD in recent decades throughout the world and in Russia. Inflammatory bowel diseases significantly affect quality of life and lead to complications of having to perform surgery, which significantly reduces the quality of life. Aims of the study was to investigate the composition of the microbiota of the colon, the search features of the microbial spectrum of patients with inflammatory bowel disease patients compared with control patients. Materials and methods. A prospective study was carried out between patients with inflammatory bowel disease and patients without inflammatory bowel disease for the period 20182019. The study included 157 IBD patients and 150 patients without IBD. All patients studied stool, which have been subjected to microbiological and metagenomic study. Results. Most often, facultative anaerobic microorganisms were present in the stool of patients with IBD (in 60%, 103109 CFU/g) and in patients without IBD (69%, 103109 CFU/g), the share of gram-negative bacteria accounted for 52%, in mostly represented by bacilli belonging to the order Enterobacteriales, only 7% of isolated gram-negative facultative aerobic microorganisms were gram-negative non-fermenting bacteria represented by 5 genera: Acinetobacter, Burkholderia, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Ralstonia. Gram-positive facultative anaerobic microorganisms in 89% were represented by cocci of the genus Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Gemella, Globicatella, Granulicatella. Conclusions. According to the results of our study, special attention should be paid to the presence of rare microaerophilic and obligate anaerobic microorganisms in the fecal microbiota of patients with IBD (Arcobacter butzleri, Gardnerella vaginalis, Aromatoleum aromaticum, Terrisporobacter glycolicus (Clostridium glycolicum), Solobacterium moorei, Alloscardovia omnicolens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Fusobacterium ulcerans, Dialister micraerophilus), that have not been isolated from patients without IBD. A timely adequate assessment of the composition and functional characteristics of the microbiota in terms of key biomarkers will make it possible to carry out targeted diagnostics and prevention of the immediate and long-term consequences of inflammatory bowel diseases.ОбоснованиС. ΠœΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π° ΠΊΠΈΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, с ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ стороны, Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‰Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ², Π° с Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΉ сама ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ³Π³Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ/ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² прогрСссирования ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… заболСваниях ΠΊΠΈΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° (Π’Π—Πš). Π’Π—Πš ΠΏΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ прСимущСствСнно Π»ΠΈΡ† ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ трудоспособного возраста. ΠžΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡƒΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ рост заболСваСмости Π’Π—Πš Π² послСдниС дСсятилСтия Π²ΠΎ всСм ΠΌΠΈΡ€Π΅ ΠΈ Π² России. Π’Π—Πš сущСствСнно Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡŽΡ‚ Π½Π° качСство ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ, Π° ослоТнСния приводят ΠΊ нСобходимости выполнСния хирургичСских Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡˆΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π², Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ сниТаСт качСство ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ. ЦСль исслСдования ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ состава ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ толстой кишки, поиск особСнностСй ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ спСктра Ρƒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ заболСваниями ΠΊΠΈΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ с ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. Π’Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ проспСктивноС исслСдованиС ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с Π’Π—Πš ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², находящихся Π½Π° Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² колопроктологичСском стационарС, Π±Π΅Π· Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π·Π° 20182019 Π³Π³. Π’ исслСдованиС Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ 157 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π’Π—Πš ΠΈ 150 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π±Π΅Π· Π’Π—Πš. Π£ всСх ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² исслСдовались Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Ρ‹ стула, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅Ρ€Π³Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ‹ микробиологичСскому ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ исслСдованию. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. НаиболСС часто Π² просвСтных фСкалиях ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с Π’Π—Πš (Π² 60% случаСв Π² Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Ρ€Π΅ 103109 ΠšΠžΠ•/Π³) ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π±Π΅Π· Π’Π—Πš (69% случаСв Π² Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Ρ€Π΅ 103109 ΠšΠžΠ•/Π³) присутствовали Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ анаэробныС ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ‹, срСди ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π° долю Π³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π³Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ 52% случаСв, Π² большСй части прСдставлСнных Π±Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠ»Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ, относящимися ΠΊ порядку Enterobacteriales, Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ 7% ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π³Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ аэробных ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² являлись Π³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π³Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π΅Ρ„Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌΠΈ бактСриями (Π“ΠžΠΠ€Π‘), прСдставлСнными ΠΏΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ: Acinetobacter, Burkholderia, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Ralstonia. Π“Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ анаэробныС ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ‹ Π² 89% случаСв Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ прСдставлСны ΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Gemella, Globicatella, Granulicatella. По Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ нашСго исслСдования слСдуСт ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ особоС Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° присутствиС Π² Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с Π’Π—Πš Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ°ΡΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ³Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎ анаэробных ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² Arcobacter butzleri, Gardnerella vaginalis, Aromatoleum aromaticum, Terrisporobacter glycolicus (Clostridium glycolicum), Solobacterium moorei, Alloscardovia omnicolens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Fusobacterium ulcerans ΠΈ Dialister micraerophilus, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π½Π΅ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π±Π΅Π· Π’Π—Πš. Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. БвоСврСмСнная адСкватная ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° состава ΠΈ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… характСристик ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎ показатСлям ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ диагностику ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΡƒ Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΠΉΡˆΠΈΡ… ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… послСдствий Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°

    The creation of a virtual museum contributes to the providing the most effective diagnosis of parasitosis

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    Conduction. The recognition diagnosis of helminths and protozoa invasion is one of the current and almost unresolved problems in modern parasitology. For the present, the lack of a standardized museum of parasitic pathogens in Russia and abroad complicates a parasitologist's already hard work. The population urbanization, increased anthropogenic pressure, climate change, and natural disasters lead to the occurrence of favorable conditions for the development, long-Term survival, and spread of pathogens of parasitic diseases in various environmental objects. The deterioration of the population socio-economic conditions, the emergence of interethnic conflicts in the world led to large-scale migration flows from countries near and far abroad to Russia, which led to an increase in pathogens circulating in the territory of the Russian Federation. The aim of our research was to improve the methodological support and create virtual slides with the image of larvae and eggs of helminths, as well as cysts and oocysts of pathogenic protozoa recorded on the territory of the Russian Federation based on digital scanner microscopes. Material and methods. The authors used scanner microscopes with the software module "Parasitology." Results. An up-To-date register of photo images of more than 40 species of parasitic pathogens of medical significance and 53 species of pathogens of parasitic diseases of animals that pose a danger to human life has been delivered. Discussion. The authors are always working on improving the technical characteristics of digital analyzers. Conclusion. Updating the atlas, creating a new advanced gallery of helminth eggs, larvae, cysts, and oocysts of pathogenic protozoa will significantly increase parasitological studies' effectiveness in sanitation and the analysis of intestinal microbiota. Β© 2021 Izdatel'stvo Meditsina. All rights reserved
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