Investigation of the expression levels of CPEB4, APC, TRIP13, EIF2S3, EIF4A1, IFNg, PIK3CA and CTNNB1 genes in different stage colorectal tumors

Background/aim: The aim of the study is to assess expression levels of CPEB4, APC, TRIP13, EIF2S3, EIF4A1, IFNg, PIK3CA and CTNNB1 genes in tumors and peripheral bloods of colorectal cancer patients in stages I–IV. Materials and methods: The mRNA levels of the genes were determined in tumor tissues and peripheral blood samples of 45 colorectal cancer patients and colon tissues and peripheral blood samples of 5 healthy individuals. Real-time polymerase chain reaction method was used for the analysis. Results: The mRNA level of the CPEB4 gene was significantly downregulated in colorectal tumor tissues and was upregulated in the peripheral blood of colorectal cancer patients relative to the controls (P < 0.05). APC mRNA level was significantly downregulated in tissues and upregulated in the peripheral blood (P < 0.05). TRIP13 mRNA level was upregulated in peripheral blood and also significantly upregulated in colorectal tumor tissues (P < 0.05). EIF2S3 mRNA level was upregulated in tissues and also significantly upregulated in peripheral blood (P < 0.05). PIK3CA mRNA level was downregulated in tissues and upregulated in peripheral blood. EIF4A1 mRNA level was downregulated in tissues and significantly upregulated in peripheral blood (P < 0.05). CTNNB1 mRNA level was downregulated in tissues and upregulated in peripheral blood. IFNg mRNA level was upregulated in both colorectal cancer tumor tissues and peripheral blood. Conclusion: TRIP13 and CPEB4 mRNA up regulation in the peripheral blood of patients with colorectal cancer may be a potential target for early stage diagnosis. In addition to this evaluation, although there is not much study on EIF2S3 and EIF4A1 mRNA changes in cases with colorectal cancer, upregulation in peripheral blood draws attention in our study. These data will shed light on the new comprehensive studies

Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk Acil Ünitesine zehirlenme nedeni ile başvuran olguların değerlendirilmesi

Poisoning are most commonly seen mortality and morbidity causes in childhood. This study has been conducted in order to study causes and forms of poisoning in childhood in our region and to determine the measures to be taken for prevention relying on these data. Five-hundred children who were admitted to Emergency Department of medical faculty of Ege University in between 2001 and 2002 were evaluated retrospectively. Their mean age was 10.9 ;plusmn; 5.9 years and female/male ratio was 1.4. Fifty eight percent of the cases were accidental while 42% of them were suicidal. Most of suicidal poisoning cases were females (77.2 %). While accidental poisoning cases were more common among the children under 4 years of age (6.1 ;plusmn; 5.3 years), suicidal intoxications cases were over 13 years of age (15.7+2.0 years) (p;lt;0.05). Drug poisoning was the most common poisoning type (55.8%). Food (29.6%), carbonmonoxide (8%) and chemicals (6.6%) intoxications followed them. 18.3% of drug intoxication was due to nonsteroid antiinflamatory drugs, 10.4% multiple drug use, 7.2% paracetamole and 6.4% antidepressant. Poisoning cases occurred mostly in the afternoon and evenings of winter and spring days and their referral to hospital was at the same time. The results of this study reveal that suicidal intoxication cases are higher than thought. Therefore, paying attention to family education and medical education during adolescence would be effective in the prevention of intoxication cases. In order to prevent accidental poisoning, the medicines should be packaged so that children can not open them and should be kept in proper places at home.Zehirlenmeler, çocukluk çağında sık görülen önemli morbidite ve mortalite nedenlerindendir. Bu çalışma, bölgemizdeki çocukluk çağında sık görülen zehirlenme nedenlerini ve zehirlenme şekillerini incelemek ve bu verilere dayanarak korunma için alınacak önlemleri belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Acil Birimine 2001 ve 2002 yılları arasında zehirlenme nedeni ile başvuran 500 çocuk hasta retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Olguların yaş ortalaması 10.9 ± 5.9 yıl olup kız'erkek oranı 1.4 idi. Zehirlenmelerin %58'i kaza (istemli olmayan), %42'si suisid (istemli) idi. Suisid amaçlı zehirlenmelerin çoğunluğu (% 77.2) kızlardan oluşmaktaydı. İstemli olmayan zehirlenmeler 4 yaş (6.1 ± 5.3 yıl) altındaki çocuklarda daha sık görülürken suisid amaçlı zehirlenmeler 13 yaş (15.7 ± 2.0 yıl) üzerindeki çocuklarda daha sık görülmekteydi (p0.05). En sık ilaç zehirlenmeleri görülmekteydi (%55.8). Bunu besin (%29.6), karbonmonoksit (%8) ve kimyasal madde (%6.6) zehirlenmeleri takip etmekte idi. İlaç zehirlenmelerinde, %18.3 non-steroid antiinflamatuar ilaç alımı, %10.4 çoklu ilaç alımı, %7.2 parasetamol alımı ve %6.4 antidepresan alımı saptandı. Zehirlenmeler en sık kış ve ilkbahar aylarında; öğleden sonra ve akşam saatlerinde olmakta, hastaneye başvuru da bu zamanlarda olmaktaydı. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları suisid amaçlı zehirlenmelerin düşünüldüğünden daha yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu nedenle aile eğitimine özen gösterilmesi ve adölesan dönemde sağlık eğitimi verilmesi zehirlenmelerin önlenmesinde etkili olacaktır. İstemli olmayan zehirlenmelerin önlenmesi için ilaçların çocukların açamayacağı şekilde paketlenmesi ve evde uygun şekilde saklanması gerekir

Long-term metabolic cage housing increases anxiety/depression-related behaviours in adult male rats

There are several reports on unfavourable effects of metabolic cage housing on animal welfare mainly due to the characteristic structures of these cages such as single housing and grid flooring. This study was aimed to compare the effects of long-term metabolic cage housing and conventional housing (normal grouped housing in standard cages) on the anxiety/depression-like behaviours in male rats. Anxiety/depression-related behaviours were evaluated by use of forced swimming test and open field test. Swimming and climbing were significantly lower and immobility duration higher in the metabolic cage group. In the open field test, total distance, mean velocity, time spent in the central area, zone transition, grooming, and rearing scores were significantly lower in the metabolic cage. Moreover, serum corticosterone level was higher in the metabolic cage group. The results of the study indicate that long-term metabolic cage housing may cause an increase in the anxiety- and depression-related behaviours in male rats

Modification of glassy carbon electrode by the electrochemical oxidation of 3-aminophenylcalix[4]pyrrole in nonaqueous media

3-Aminophenylcalix[4]pyrrole (3APCP) was grafted to a glassy carbon (GC) surface during the electrochemical oxidation process in 0.1 M tetrabutylammoniumtetra-fluoroborate (TBATFB) containing acetonitrile solution. The presence of a surface film was confirmed electrochemically by comparing voltammograms of dopamine and ferricyanide redox probes at the bare and modified electrodes. Reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS), XPS, atomic force microscopy (AFM), ellipsometry and the contact angle measurements were also employed to characterize 3APCP film on GC electrode. RAIRS analysis revealed that calix[4]pyrrole was bonded to the glassy carbon surface via the etheric linkage. The stability of the modified GC electrode was also studied. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

İKİ KRONİK İMMOBİLİZASYON STRES PROTOKOLÜNÜN ERKEK SIÇANLARDA DEPRESYON/ANKSİYETE BENZERİ DAVRANIŞLAR ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Objective: The effect of acute and chronic stress models on depression and/or anxiety-like behavior in rodents has been widely studied,but with contradictory results. This may be due to differences in the sex and age of the animals studied or inherent differences in thestress models used. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of two immobilization stress protocols on depression/anxiety-likebehaviors in adult male rats.Materials and Methods: Adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (n10) comprising: control, immobilization stress-1(45 minutes daily for a period of ten days), and immobilization stress-2 (45 minutes twice a day for a period of ten days). Stress-relatedbehavior was evaluated by means of the open field and forced swim tests. In addition, change in body weight, fasting blood glucose, andserum corticosterone were measured.Results: In the open field test, the percentage of time spent in the central area and mean velocity were significantly lower in theimmobilization stress-1 and immobilization stress-2 groups as compared to the control group (p 0.05 and p 0.01, respectively).Movement ratios were lower in both immobilization stress groups than in the control group (p 0.001 and p 0.01, respectively). In theforced swim test, the duration of swimming, climbing and immobility behavior in both immobilization stress protocols did not differ fromthe control group. Serum corticosterone levels were higher in the immobilization stress-1 and immobilization stress-2 groups than in thecontrol group (p 0.05), but no overt differences were determined in the percentage change in body weight or the fasting blood glucoselevel between the stress protocol groups and the control group (p 0.05).Conclusion: We may conclude that immobilization stress-1 and immobilization stress-2 protocols do not cause depression-like behavior inadult male rats. However, anxiety-like behaviors predominated in both stress protocol groups.Amaç: Kemirgenlerde akut ve kronik stres modellerinin depresyon ve/veya anksiyete benzeri davranış gelişimine etkilerine yönelik çalışmalar oldukça fazla olmasına karşın çelişkili sonuçlar da söz konusudur. Bu durum hayvanların cinsiyet ve yaşlarına bağlı olabileceği gibikullanılan stres modellerinde farklılıklarla da ilişkili olabilir. Bu nedenle, söz konusu çalışmamızda erişkin erkek sıçanlarda iki immobilizasyon stres protokolünün depresyon/anksiyete benzeri davranışlara etkisinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Erişkin Wistar ırkı sıçanlar kontrol, immobilizasyon stresi-1 (on gün boyunca günlük 45 dakika) ve immobilizasyon stresi-2 (on gün boyunca günde iki kez 45 dakika) olmak üzere rastgele üç gruba (n 10) ayrıldı. Stresle ilgili davranışlar açık alan testi vezorunlu yüzme testi ile değerlendirildi. Ayrıca, vücut ağırlığı değişimi, açlık kan glikoz seviyesi ve serum kortikosteron düzeyi de ölçüldü.Bulgular: Açık alan testinde, immobilizasyon stresi-1 ve immobilizasyon stresi-2 gruplarında merkez alanda harcanan zaman yüzdesi veortalama hız kontrol grubuna kıyasla önemli düzeyde düşüktü (sırasıyla p 0.05 ve p 0.01). İmmobilizasyon stres gruplarında hareketoranlarının kontrol grubuna göre daha düşük olduğu belirlendi (sırasıyla p 0.001 ve p 0.01). Zorunlu yüzme testinde, yüzme, tırmanmave immobilize davranış süreleri her iki immobilizasyon stres protokolünde de kontrol grubundan farklı değildi. İmmobilizasyon stres protokolü 1 ve 2’de serum kortikosteron düzeyi kontrol grubundan daha yüksekti (p 0.05), fakat vücut ağırlığı değişimi ve açlık kan glikozdüzeyinde istatistiksel bakımdan farklılık söz konusu değildi (p 0.05).Sonuç: Yetişkin erkek sıçanlarda immobilizasyon stresi-1 ve immobilizasyon stresi-2’nin depresyon benzeri davranış profiline neden olmadığını, fakat her iki stres protokolünde de anksiyete benzeri davranış profilinin ön planda olduğu söylenebilir

Investigation of Effects of Two Chronic Stress Protocols on Depression-Like Behaviors and Brain Mineral Levels in Female Rats: an Evaluation of 7-Day Immobilization Stress

We aimed to investigate the effects of two different chronic immobilization stress protocols on depression-related behaviors and brain mineral levels. Adult female Wistar albino rats were divided into 3 groups as follows (n = 10/group): control, immobilization stress-1 (45 min daily for 7 days), and immobilization stress-2 (45 min twice a day for 7 day). Stress-related behavior was evaluated by means of the forced swimming test (FST) and open field test (OFT). Minerals were analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. In the FST, swimming and immobility were significantly lower in the immobilization stress-1 and immobilization stress-2 groups. The climbing duration of the immobilization stress-2 group was higher than the control group. In the OFT, percentage of time spent in the central area was significantly lower in the immobilization stress-1 and immobilization stress-2 groups. Values of latency to center area, rearing, and grooming did not significantly differ between groups. In the immobilization stress-1 group, zinc was lower, and iron, copper, and manganese were higher than the control group. In the immobilization stress-2 group, copper and manganese were higher, and phosphate was lower than the control group. Our results showed that depression-related behaviors were more dominant in the immobilization stress-1 group. A decrease in the brain zinc level was valid only for the immobilization stress-1 group. These results point to the role of low brain zinc levels in the pathophysiology of depression

Chronic immobilization stress induces anxiety-related behaviors and affects brain essential minerals in male rats

© 2020 Hogrefe Verlag.Alterations of essential elements in the brain are associated with the pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders. It is known that chronic/overwhelming stress may cause some anxiety and/or depression. We aimed to investigate the effects of two different chronic immobilization stress protocols on anxiety-related behaviors and brain minerals. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups as follows (n = 10/group): control, immobilization stress-1 (45 minutes daily for 7-day) and immobilization stress-2 (45 minutes twice a day for 7-day). Stress-related behaviors were evaluated by open field test and forced swimming test. In the immobilization stress-1 and immobilization stress-2 groups, percentage of time spent in the central area (6.38 ± 0.41% and 6.28 ± 1.03% respectively, p < 0.05) and rearing frequency (2.75 ± 0.41 and 3.85 ± 0.46, p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively) were lower, latency to center area (49.11 ± 5.87 s and 44.92 ± 8.04 s, p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively), were higher than the control group (8.65 ± 0.49%, 5.37 ± 0.44 and 15.3 ± 3.32 s, respectively). In the immobilization stress-1 group, zinc (12.65 ± 0.1 ppm, p < 0.001), magnesium (170.4 ± 1.7 ppm, p < 0.005) and phosphate (2.76 ± 0.1 ppm, p < 0.05) levels were lower than the control group (13.87 ± 0.16 ppm, 179.31 ± 1.87 ppm and 3.11 ± 0.06 ppm, respectively). In the immobilization stress-2 group, magnesium (171.56 ± 1.87 ppm, p < 0.05), phosphate (2.44 ± 0.07 ppm, p < 0.001) levels were lower, and manganese (373.68 ± 5.76 ppb, p < 0.001) and copper (2.79 ± 0.15 ppm, p < 0.05) levels were higher than the control group (179.31 ± 1.87 ppm, 3.11 ± 0.06 ppm, 327.25 ± 8.35 ppb and 2.45 ± 0.05 ppm, respectively). Our results indicated that 7-day chronic immobilization stress increased anxiety-related behaviors in both stress groups. Zinc, magnesium, phosphate, copper and manganese levels were affected in the brain