Architecture-based Qualitative Risk Analysis for Availability of IT Infrastructures

An IT risk assessment must deliver the best possible quality of results in a time-effective way. Organisations are used to customise the general-purpose standard risk assessment methods in a way that can satisfy their requirements. In this paper we present the QualTD Model and method, which is meant to be employed together with standard risk assessment methods for the qualitative assessment of availability risks of IT architectures, or parts of them. The QualTD Model is based on our previous quantitative model, but geared to industrial practice since it does not require quantitative data which is often too costly to acquire. We validate the model and method in a real-world case by performing a risk assessment on the authentication and authorisation system of a large multinational company and by evaluating the results w.r.t. the goals of the stakeholders of the system. We also perform a review of the most popular standard risk assessment methods and an analysis of which one can be actually integrated with our QualTD Model

A2THOS: Availability Analysis and Optimisation in SLAs

IT service availability is at the core of customer satisfaction and business success for today’s organisations. Many medium-large size organisations outsource part of their IT services to external providers, with Service Level Agreements describing the agreed availability of outsourced service components. Availability management of partially outsourced IT services is a non trivial task since classic approaches for calculating availability are not applicable, and IT managers can only rely on their expertise to fulfil it. This often leads to the adoption of non optimal solutions. In this paper we present A2THOS, a framework to calculate the availability of partially outsourced IT services in the presence of SLAs and to achieve a cost-optimal choice of availability levels for outsourced IT components while guaranteeing a target availability level for the service

Nonadiabatic effects in the dynamics of atoms confined in a cylindric time-orbiting-potential magnetic trap

In a time-orbiting-potential magnetic trap the neutral atoms are confined by means of an inhomogeneous magnetic field superimposed to an uniform rotating one. We perform an analytic study of the atomic motion by taking into account the nonadiabatic effects arising from the spin dynamics about the local magnetic field. Geometric-like magnetic-fields determined by the Berry's phase appear within the quantum description. The application of a variational procedure on the original quantum equation leads to a set of dynamical evolution equations for the quantum average value of the position operator and of the spin variables. Within this approximation we derive the quantum-mechanical ground state configuration matching the classical adiabatic solution and perform some numerical simulations.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure

A novel protocol for the one-pot borylation/Suzuki reaction provides easy access to hinge-binding groups for kinase inhibitors

The one-pot borylation/Suzuki reaction is a very efficient means of accessing cross-coupling products of two aryl-halide partners that generally requires the use of specific catalysts or ligands and/or relatively long reaction times. This new microwave-assisted method provides a quick one-pot borylation/Suzuki reaction protocol that we applied to the synthesis of various bi- or poly-aryl scaffolds, including a variety of aryl and heteroaryl ring systems and the core frameworks of kinase inhibitors vemurafenib and GDC-0879

The asymmetry of Nathair Facula: A volcanologic mystery on Mercury

[Introduction] Nathair Facula is the largest and most spectrally-distinct of nearly 200 ‘bright red’ spots on Mercury’s surface, most of which are accepted to be deposits from explosive volcanic eruptions. Like most of Mercury’s faculae, it hosts a central pit (in this case about 40 km wide and over 3 km deep). However the centre of this facula does not coincide with the vent, but is displaced about 20 km northwards. This poses as-yet unresolved questions about the nature of the eruption mechanism. Furthermore, the vent area is almost certainly a ‘compound vent’ (Pegg et al., 2019) within which the locus of eruption has migrated between eruptive episodes, and it is unclear how the same asymmetry could be repeatedly en-gendered and reinforced by a series of eruptions rather than averaging out to a symmetrical distribution

Risk and protective factors for meningococcal disease in adolescents: matched cohort study

Objective: To examine biological and social risk factors for meningococcal disease in adolescents. Design: Prospective, population based, matched cohort study with controls matched for age and sex in 1:1 matching. Controls were sought from the general practitioner. Setting: Six contiguous regions of England, which represent some 65% of the country’s population. Participants: 15-19 year olds with meningococcal disease recruited at hospital admission in six regions (representing 65% of the population of England) from January 1999 to June 2000, and their matched controls. Methods: Blood samples and pernasal and throat swabs were taken from case patients at admission to hospital and from cases and matched controls at interview. Data on potential risk factors were gathered by confidential interview. Data were analysed by using univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression. Results: 144 case control pairs were recruited (74 male (51%); median age 17.6). 114 cases (79%) were confirmed microbiologically. Significant independent risk factors for meningococcal disease were history of preceding illness (matched odds ratio 2.9, 95% confidence interval 1.4 to 5.9), intimate kissing with multiple partners (3.7, 1.7 to 8.1), being a university student (3.4, 1.2 to 10) and preterm birth (3.7, 1.0 to 13.5). Religious observance (0.09, 0.02 to 0.6) and meningococcal vaccination (0.12, 0.04 to 0.4) were associated with protection. Conclusions: Activities and events increasing risk for meningococcal disease in adolescence are different from in childhood. Students are at higher risk. Altering personal behaviours could moderate the risk. However, the development of further effective meningococcal vaccines remains a key public health priority

Integration of Dirac-Jacobi structures

We study precontact groupoids whose infinitesimal counterparts are Dirac-Jacobi structures. These geometric objects generalize contact groupoids. We also explain the relationship between precontact groupoids and homogeneous presymplectic groupoids. Finally, we present some examples of precontact groupoids.Comment: 10 pages. Brief changes in the introduction. References update

Financial sustainability and profitability of supercritical CO2 pasteurization of liquid products: A case study

This work presents an analysis of a supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) pasteurization process, focusing on the financial and economic parameters that make the process sustainable at an industrial level. A small company processing 5,000,000 bottles of apple juice per year has been chosen as a case study. Investment and operating costs have been estimated based on data collected from the market and the relevant economic literature. The financial sustainability assessment was performed through the Discounted Cash Flow methodology, proving that SC-CO2 pasteurization is profitable on a 10-year horizon. The Net Present Value is strictly positive and the Internal Rate of Return higher than the cost of funding. The sensitivity analysis shows the robustness of this study to possible changes in the model parameters. Overall, this work demonstrates SC-CO2 pasteurization to be profitable and, considering the current growth of the high-nutritional value fruit juice market, it suggests positive financial returns for both incumbents and new entrants

Interpreting specific and general respiratory indicators in syndromic surveillance

ObjectiveTo improve understanding of the relative burden of differentcausative respiratory pathogens on respiratory syndromic indicatorsmonitored using syndromic surveillance systems in England.IntroductionPublic Health England (PHE) uses syndromic surveillance systemsto monitor for seasonal increases in respiratory illness. Respiratoryillnesses create a considerable burden on health care services andtherefore identifying the timing and intensity of peaks of activity isimportant for public health decision-making. Furthermore, identifyingthe incidence of specific respiratory pathogens circulating in thecommunity is essential for targeting public health interventionse.g. vaccination. Syndromic surveillance can provide early warningof increases, but cannot explicitly identify the pathogens responsiblefor such increases.PHE uses a range of general and specific respiratory syndromicindicators in their syndromic surveillance systems, e.g. “allrespiratory disease”, “influenza-like illness”, “bronchitis” and“cough”. Previous research has shown that “influenza-like illness”is associated with influenza circulating in the community1whilst“cough” and “bronchitis” syndromic indicators in children under 5are associated with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)2, 3. However, therelative burden of other pathogens, e.g. rhinovirus and parainfluenzais less well understood. We have sought to further understand therelationship between specific pathogens and syndromic indicators andto improve estimates of disease burden. Therefore, we modelled theassociation between pathogen incidence, using laboratory reports andhealth care presentations, using syndromic data.MethodsWe used positive laboratory reports for the following pathogens as aproxy for community incidence in England: human metapneumovirus(HMPV), RSV, coronavirus, influenza strains, invasivehaemophilusinfluenzae, invasivestreptococcus pneumoniae, mycoplasmapneumoniae, parainfluenza and rhinovirus. Organisms were chosenthat were found to be important in previous work2and were availablefrom routine laboratory testing. Syndromic data included consultationswith family doctors (called General Practitioners or GPs), calls to anational telephone helpline “NHS 111” and attendances at emergencydepartments (EDs). Associations between laboratory reports andsyndromic data were examined over four winter seasons (weeks40 to 20), between 2011 and 2015. Multiple linear regression was usedto model correlations and to estimate the proportion of syndromicconsultations associated with specific pathogens. Finally, burdenestimates were used to infer the proportion of patients affected byspecific pathogens that would be diagnosed with different symptoms.ResultsInfluenza and RSV exhibited the greatest seasonal variation andwere responsible for the strongest associated burden on generalrespiratory infections. However, associations were found with theother pathogens and the burden ofstreptococcus pneumoniaewasimportant in adult age groups (25 years and over).The model estimates suggested that only a small proportion ofpatients with influenza receive a specific diagnosis that is coded toan “influenza-like illness” syndromic indicator, (6% for both GPin-hours consultations and for emergency department attendances),compared to a more general respiratory diagnosis. Also, patients withinfluenza calling NHS 111 were more likely to receive a diagnosisof fever or cough than cold/flu. Despite these findings, the specificsyndromic indicators remained more sensitive to changes in influenzaincidence than the general indicators.ConclusionsThe majority of patients affected by a seasonal respiratory pathogenare likely to receive a non-specific respiratory diagnosis. Therefore,estimates of community burden using more specific syndromicindicators such as “influenza-like illness” are likely to be a severeunderestimate. However, these specific indicators remain importantfor detecting changes in incidence and providing added intelligenceon likely causative pathogens.Specific syndromic indicators were associated with multiplepathogens and we were unable to identify indicators that were goodmarkers for pathogens other than influenza or RSV. However, futurework focusing on differences between ages and the relative levels ofa range of pathogens may be able to provide estimates for the mix ofpathogens present in the community in real-time