EEG-Based Control of a 3D-Printed Upper Limb Exoskeleton for Stroke Rehabilitation

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have emerged as transformative tools for translating users’ neural signals into commands for external devices. The urgent need for innovative treatments to enhance upper limb motor function in stroke survivors is underscored by the limitations of traditional rehabilitation methods. The development of communication and control technology for individuals with severe neuromuscular diseases, particularly stroke patients, is centered on utilizing electroencephalographic (EEG) signals to accurately decode users’ intentions and operate external devices. Two healthy subjects and a stroke patient were enrolled to acquire EEG signals using the EMOTIV EPOC+ sensor. The experimental procedure involved recording five actions for both motor imagery and facial expression signals to control the 3D-printed upper limb exoskeleton. EEGLAB and BCILAB software were used for preprocessing and classification. The results showed successful EEG-based control of the exoskeleton, representing a significant advancement in assistive technology for individuals with motor impairments. The support vector machine (SVM) classifier achieved higher accuracy in both offline and online modes for both motor imaginary and facial expression tasks. The conclusion highlights the appropriateness of using EEGLAB for offline EEG data analysis and BCILAB for both offline and online analysis and classification. The integration of servo motors in the exoskeleton, allowing movements in five Degrees of Freedom (DOF), positions it as an effective rehabilitation solution for individuals with upper limb impairments

Hydrogeology and Water Quality of Umm Alradhma Aquifer, Eastern Saudi Arabia

Umm Alradhma limestone aquifer represents the most important aquifers in Saudi Arabia. This aquifer is the largest groundwater reservoir in the Arabian Peninsula. It has high potential of groundwater with average saturated thickness of Umm Alradhma 270 m. the average transmissivity, hydraulic conductivity and effective porosity of Umm Alradhma limestone aquifer are 5800 m2/day, 33 m3/day and 30% respectively. The groundwater of the Umm Alradhma limestone aquifer exists under confined condition in the study area. The productivity of the wells reached 704000 m3/day and provided Riyadh City about 300,000 m3/day. The hydrochemical analyses of 52 groundwater samples representing Umm Alradhma limestone aquifer reveal that the groundwater origin is meteoric. The presence of marine salts in groundwater is attributed to the effective leaching and dissolution processes through the flow path within the aquifer materials (limestone, dolomitic limestone and dolomite). The groundwater salinity of the Umm Alradhma limestone aquifer in the study area ranges between 1195-1429 ppm. This suggests that groundwater of Umm Alradhma limestone aquifer is acceptable for domestic, industrial and agricultural purposes. Keywords: Umm Alradhma aquifer, Hydrogeology, Water Qualit

Environmental Impact of Landfill on Groundwater, South East of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

The main objective of this work had been given to the environmental impact of landfill on groundwater. The groundwater in the study area had problems caused by the landfill and the high volumes of sewage water percolating into the groundwater. The existing soil stratigraphy at the landfill consisting of sandy sheet and fractured limestone lead to increasing leachate percolation into the groundwater. The groundwater resources are used mainly for crop irrigation in an agriculture dominated area. The chemical analysis of groundwater indicates that nitrate pollution can be a serious problem affecting groundwater due to the infiltration of leachate in landfill downward to groundwater and the use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers in agriculture. The high concentrations of NO3- and Zn especially in landfill site in groundwater, likely indicate that groundwater is being significantly affected by leachate percolation. The nitrate and Zinc concentrations in groundwater samples in landfill site reach 191 ppm and 1473 ? g/L respectively. The groundwater in the study area is exploited from fractured limestone aquifer belonging to several limestone formations and groundwater of the concerned aquifer exists under unconfined conditions. The groundwater flow direction is from the northwest to the southeast direction. The leachate produced by waste disposal sites contains large amounts of substances which are likely to contaminate groundwater. Chemical analyses were carried out on groundwater samples collected from the neighborhood of landfill yard and spread to southeast direction. The effects of dumping activity on groundwater appeared most clearly as high concentrations of total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), total hardness (TH), chloride, nitrates and sulphates. Groundwater samples from the wells situated close to the landfill were found to be more contaminated than that of the wells situated farther away. Keywords: Environmental Impact, Landfill, Groundwater, Saudi Arabi

Electro-generated Chemiluminescent Determination of Methotrexate in Pharmaceutical Preparations by Tris (2,2-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) Using Flow Injection

A novel electro-generated chemiluminescence method for the determination of methotrexate (2,4-diamino-N10-methyl pteroyl glutamic acid) in pharmaceutical formulations is proposed. The method was based on the chemiluminescence (CL) emission intensity produced as a result of the electrochemical oxidation of the nbspinto the active nbspform, which then reacts with the methotrexate and produces light.nbspReaction variables were thoroughly investigated. The optimum conditions were incorporated in the procedure. Linear calibration curve were obtained for signal in mV versus concentration in mol L1 in the range 0-21times107 M with percentage relative standard deviation of less than 2% (n = 6) and correlation coefficient of r = 0.99986. The method described here proved to be very convenient and easy to use for the assay of methotrexate in drug formulations. This method was tested by the determination of methotrexate in different drugs containing known concentration

Evaluation of DNA polymorphism in the Red Sea Epinephelus species using 12s rRNA and inter simple sequence repeats

1197-1205The true phylogenetic relation among Epinephelus species is under debate. The present investigation was designed for evaluation of DNA polymorphism in some Red sea Epinephelus species using 12s rRNA and Inter Simple Sequence repeats. DNA polymorphism values were detected and evaluated within all estimated fishes. Both applied techniques revealed that E. malabaricus is closely related to E. summana. The distance value between E. chlorostigma and E. areolatus is lower than the distance value between E. chlorostigma and E. radiatus. The Serranidae evolutionary variations were evaluated comparatively with other ray-finned fishes belonging to four fish genera (Carangidae, Labridae, Mugilidae and Cichlidae) based on 12s rRNA sequence variations (obtained from NCBI). The developed DNA markers were reliably branched in the evaluated fishes. More molecular investigations using more spatial and temporal fish samples should be carried out in the future for exploring the true Epinephelus species biodiversity in the Red sea

Investigation of enhanced double weight code in point to point access networks

© 2020 Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. In this paper, an investigation and evaluation to enhanced double weight (EDW) code is performed, a new technique for code structuring and building using modified arithmetical model has been given for the code in place of employing previous technique based on Trial Inspections. Innovative design has been employed for the code into P2P networks using diverse weighted EDW code to be fitting into optical CDMA relevance applications. A new developed relation for EDW code is presented, the relation is based on studying and experimenting the effect of input transmission power with code weight, and the relation developed using numerical analysis method. This relation makes the estimation for the system input power needed more efficient. The results of the code has been explained by eye diagram and parametric illustrations from the simulated results. The result shows a magnificent performance of the code during high number of users and weight. On the other hand, the relation developed for power measurement helps to prevent power loss and consumption

Investigation the nonlinear optical properties of silver nanoparticles using femtosecond laser

© 2020 Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. In this research, the fabrication of silver nanoparticles and experimental nonlinear response (NLO). The fabrication of the silver nanoparticles has been done using E-Beam evaporation on a glass substrate (Ag-NPs) and investigation of their nonlinear optical response (NLO). The silver nanoparticles was evaluated by optical spectrum (UV-Vis) that shows localized surface Plasmon band at 375 nm. The experiment shows the nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refraction effect of silver nanoparticles, the silver nanoparticles is analysed by Z-Scan technique using a femtoseconds laser with 800 nm wavelength. The result shows the nonlinear absorption (NLA) is at 4.8710-4cmW-1, while (NLR) is at 7.9410-9cmW-1