First Do No Harm: Client and Staff Experiences of Negative Effects from Dialecetical Behaviour Therapy

Background: Research has shown that Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) is effective in reducing self-harm and suicidal ideation. However, research regarding experiences of DBT, particularly those of a negative nature, is sparse. The limited findings suggest that clients have reported difficulties in the therapeutic relationship, and staff have observed DBT to overly rigid, and constrained by organisational factors. However, no research has focused on both groups’ understandings of negative effects. Aims: To explore client and staff experiences of the negative effects from DBT and investigate how their understandings compare. In addition, to explore how staff address any negative effects that arise. Methodology: Underpinned by critical realism, this research adopted a qualitative approach. Eight client participants and seven staff participants, who had experienced or witnessed negative experiences from DBT, engaged in semistructured interviews, the transcripts of which were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Analysis: Four themes relating to client experiences were generated: “I’m the problem”, “DBT can do no wrong”, “No understanding of trauma”, and ‘An unhealthy “blueprint for relationships”’. Five themes relating to staff experiences were generated: “It’s not me, it’s the client”, ‘DBT or nothing’, “We don’t do ‘why’ in DBT”, “We did make some changes”, and ‘Organisational “restrictions”’. Conclusion: Both staff and clients understood negative effects from DBT to include pathologization and re-traumatisation. However, whilst clients related negative effects to the therapeutic relationship, staff highlighted the impact of organisational restrictions. Given the study design and selection bias, this study cannot ascertain the prevalence of negative effects from DBT. Nonetheless, the findings support recommendations for practice, including adapting DBT to become trauma-informed, and prioritising informed consent

Bulk Rotational Symmetry Breaking in Kondo Insulator SmB6

Kondo insulator samarium hexaboride (SmB6) has been intensely studied in recent years as a potential candidate of a strongly correlated topological insulator. One of the most exciting phenomena observed in SmB6 is the clear quantum oscillations appearing in magnetic torque at a low temperature despite the insulating behavior in resistance. These quantum oscillations show multiple frequencies and varied effective masses. The origin of quantum oscillation is, however, still under debate with evidence of both two-dimensional Fermi surfaces and three-dimensional Fermi surfaces. Here, we carry out angle-resolved torque magnetometry measurements in a magnetic field up to 45 T and a temperature range down to 40 mK. With the magnetic field rotated in the (010) plane, the quantum oscillation frequency of the strongest oscillation branch shows a four-fold rotational symmetry. However, in the angular dependence of the amplitude of the same branch, this four-fold symmetry is broken and, instead, a twofold symmetry shows up, which is consistent with the prediction of a two-dimensional Lifshitz-Kosevich model. No deviation of Lifshitz-Kosevich behavior is observed down to 40 mK. Our results suggest the existence of multiple light-mass surface states in SmB6, with their mobility significantly depending on the surface disorder level.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figure

Benefit and performance impact analysis of using hydrogen fuel cell powered e-taxi system on A320 class airliner

This paper presents the work carried out to evaluate the benefits and performance impacts of introducing a hydrogen fuel cell powered electric taxiing system to a conventional short-haul aircraft. Tasks carried out in this research and reported in this paper include the initial system design, hydrogen tank initial sizing, calculation of the impact on fuel burn and emissions and the evaluation of the effects on Direct Operating Cost (DOC). The Airbus A320 has been selected as the datum aircraft for sizing the system, and the benefits analysis is particularly focused on the fleet composition and financial data of a Europe-based, low-cost, large-scale A320 family operator in 2016. The maximum power capacity of 400 kW has been sized based on the rolling friction coefficient of 0.02. Based on the operator’s 2016 financial, up to 1% fuel reduction can be achieved using the proposed system and the reduction in total maintenance cost is expected to be up to 7.3%. Additionally, up to 5.97% net profit improvement is estimated in comparison with the annual after-tax profit of the datum operator in 201

Flip Distance Between Triangulations of a Simple Polygon is NP-Complete

Let T be a triangulation of a simple polygon. A flip in T is the operation of removing one diagonal of T and adding a different one such that the resulting graph is again a triangulation. The flip distance between two triangulations is the smallest number of flips required to transform one triangulation into the other. For the special case of convex polygons, the problem of determining the shortest flip distance between two triangulations is equivalent to determining the rotation distance between two binary trees, a central problem which is still open after over 25 years of intensive study. We show that computing the flip distance between two triangulations of a simple polygon is NP-complete. This complements a recent result that shows APX-hardness of determining the flip distance between two triangulations of a planar point set.Comment: Accepted versio

The Rescue of American International Group Module Z: Overview

In September 2008, in the midst of the broader financial crisis, the Federal Reserve Board of Governors used its emergency authority under Section 13(3) of the Federal Reserve Act to authorize the largest loan in its history, a $85 billion collateralized credit line to American International Group (AIG), a$1 trillion insurance and financial company that was experiencing severe liquidity strains. In connection with the loan, the government received an equity interest representing 79.9% of the company’s ownership. AIG continued to experience a depressed stock price, asset devaluations, and the risk of ratings downgrades leading to questions about its solvency. To stabilize the company, the government committed additional assistance, including equity investments under the Troubled Assets Relief Program and asset purchases, for a total commitment of $182.3 billion. AIG survived as a smaller entity and repaid all amounts owed to the government, which, along with the government’s sale of its AIG equity stake, resulted in a profit of$22.7 billion for the government and taxpayers. In this case we discuss the government’s actions on an aggregate basis and analyze how the rescue was conceived and executed in order to better understand the unique lessons to be learned and possibly applied to future crisis events

Quantum oscillations in Kondo Insulator SmB6_6

In Kondo insulator samarium hexaboride SmB$_6$, strong correlation and band hybridization lead to an insulating gap and a diverging resistance at low temperature. The resistance divergence ends at about 5 Kelvin, a behavior recently demonstrated to arise from the surface conductance. However, questions remain whether and where a topological surface state exists. Quantum oscillations have not been observed to map the Fermi surface. We solve the problem by resolving the Landau Level quantization and Fermi surface topology using torque magnetometry. The observed Fermi surface suggests a two dimensional surface state on the (101) plane. Furthermore, the tracking of the Landau Levels in the infinite magnetic field limit points to -1/2, which indicates a 2D Dirac electronic state