271 research outputs found
PosterLayout: A New Benchmark and Approach for Content-aware Visual-Textual Presentation Layout
Content-aware visual-textual presentation layout aims at arranging spatial
space on the given canvas for pre-defined elements, including text, logo, and
underlay, which is a key to automatic template-free creative graphic design. In
practical applications, e.g., poster designs, the canvas is originally
non-empty, and both inter-element relationships as well as inter-layer
relationships should be concerned when generating a proper layout. A few recent
works deal with them simultaneously, but they still suffer from poor graphic
performance, such as a lack of layout variety or spatial non-alignment. Since
content-aware visual-textual presentation layout is a novel task, we first
construct a new dataset named PosterLayout, which consists of 9,974
poster-layout pairs and 905 images, i.e., non-empty canvases. It is more
challenging and useful for greater layout variety, domain diversity, and
content diversity. Then, we propose design sequence formation (DSF) that
reorganizes elements in layouts to imitate the design processes of human
designers, and a novel CNN-LSTM-based conditional generative adversarial
network (GAN) is presented to generate proper layouts. Specifically, the
discriminator is design-sequence-aware and will supervise the "design" process
of the generator. Experimental results verify the usefulness of the new
benchmark and the effectiveness of the proposed approach, which achieves the
best performance by generating suitable layouts for diverse canvases.Comment: Accepted to CVPR 2023. Dataset and code are available at
https://github.com/PKU-ICST-MIPL/PosterLayout-CVPR202
Improving Audio-Visual Segmentation with Bidirectional Generation
The aim of audio-visual segmentation (AVS) is to precisely differentiate
audible objects within videos down to the pixel level. Traditional approaches
often tackle this challenge by combining information from various modalities,
where the contribution of each modality is implicitly or explicitly modeled.
Nevertheless, the interconnections between different modalities tend to be
overlooked in audio-visual modeling. In this paper, inspired by the human
ability to mentally simulate the sound of an object and its visual appearance,
we introduce a bidirectional generation framework. This framework establishes
robust correlations between an object's visual characteristics and its
associated sound, thereby enhancing the performance of AVS. To achieve this, we
employ a visual-to-audio projection component that reconstructs audio features
from object segmentation masks and minimizes reconstruction errors. Moreover,
recognizing that many sounds are linked to object movements, we introduce an
implicit volumetric motion estimation module to handle temporal dynamics that
may be challenging to capture using conventional optical flow methods. To
showcase the effectiveness of our approach, we conduct comprehensive
experiments and analyses on the widely recognized AVSBench benchmark. As a
result, we establish a new state-of-the-art performance level in the AVS
benchmark, particularly excelling in the challenging MS3 subset which involves
segmenting multiple sound sources. To facilitate reproducibility, we plan to
release both the source code and the pre-trained model.Comment: Dawei Hao and Yuxin Mao contribute equality to this paper. Yiran
Zhong is the corresponding author. The code will be released at
https://github.com/OpenNLPLab/AVS-bidirectiona
Human osteopontin: potential clinical applications in cancer (Review)
Human osteopontin (OPN) is a glycosylated phosphoprotein which is expressed in a variety of tissues in the body. In recent years, accumulating evidence has indicated that the aberrant expression of OPN is closely associated with tumourigensis, progression and most prominently with metastasis in several tumour types. In this review, we present the current knowledge on the expression profiles of OPN and its main splice variants in human cancers, as well as the potential implications in patient outcome. We also discuss its putative clinical application as a cancer biomarker and as a therapeutic target
Follicular regulatory T cells repress cytokine production by follicular helper T cells and optimize IgG responses in mice
Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells provide crucial help to germinal center B (GCB) cells for proper antibody production, and a specialized subset of regulatory T cells, follicular regulatory T (Tfr) cells, modulate this process. However, Tfr-cell function in the GC is not well understood. Here, we define Tfr cells as a CD4(+) Foxp3(+) CXCR5(hi) PD-1(hi) CD25(low) TIGIT(high) T-cell population. Furthermore, we have used a novel mouse model ("Bcl6FC") to delete the Bcl6 gene in Foxp3(+) T cells and thus specifically deplete Tfr cells. Following immunization, Bcl6FC mice develop normal Tfh- and GCB-cell populations. However, Bcl6FC mice produce altered antigen-specific antibody responses, with reduced titers of IgG and significantly increased IgA. Bcl6FC mice also developed IgG antibodies with significantly decreased avidity to antigen in an HIV-1 gp120 "prime-boost" vaccine model. In an autoimmune lupus model, we observed strongly elevated anti-DNA IgA titers in Bcl6FC mice. Additionally, Tfh cells from Bcl6FC mice consistently produce higher levels of Interferon-γ, IL-10 and IL-21. Loss of Tfr cells therefore leads to highly abnormal Tfh-cell and GCB-cell responses. Overall, our study has uncovered unique regulatory roles for Tfr cells in the GC response
Improvement of magnetite adsorption performance for Pb (II) by introducing defects
Surface defect engineering is an efficient strategy to enhance the adsorption properties of materials. After calcination in argon, the adsorption capacity of natural magnetite to Pb (II) is significantly improved. The Rietveld refinement, Mössbauer spectrum, and XPS were used to prove the existence of oxygen and cation vacancies in the crystal structure of magnetite after calcination, and it is found that the vacancy content is linearly related to the adsorption amount of Pb (II). This indicates that the increase in the adsorption performance of magnetite after calcination is determined by the vacancy. The adsorption capacity increases from 8 to 26 mg/g when the calcination temperature reaches 700°C. The equilibrium adsorption process of Pb (II) on magnetite can be well fitted to the Langmuir model, and the kinetic adsorption followed a pseudo-second-order mechanism. The improvement of the adsorption performance of magnetite is mainly due to the change in its structure, which depends on the oxidation degree and surface effect of magnetite in the calcination process. This work also provides a theoretical basis for the broad application of magnetite as environmental material
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