Copy Number Variation of FCGR3B on Negrito-Mendriq / Mohd Helmy Yusof, Umi Shakina Haridan and Muhamad Rahimi Che Hassan

Fc Gamma Receptor 3B (FcγRIIIB, encoded by the gene FCGR3B) plays a crucial role in immunity response activated by cellular effectors and regulatory functions. Copy number variation (CNV) of this gene has been previously reported to affect susceptibility to several diseases such as autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory response. One of the rarest and smallest tribes of Orang Asli which is Negrito-Mendriq sample was used as a subject in this study. Twenty-two (22) Lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) of Negrito-Mendriq was obtained from the deposited cell archive, Institute Medical Molecular Biotechnology, IMMB (UiTM Sg Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia) and the LCLs were revived. The DNA was extracted from the LCL and finally PRT – REDVR assay was carried for FCGR3B copy number genotyping. Analysis revealed that copy number 2 demonstrated the highest distribution for FCGR3B (90.9%); whilst no copy number loss was found for FCGR3B. For high copy number (>2), 9.1% was obtained. Copy number greater than 3 (>3) was not found in this study. Finally, it was concluded that no significant difference of CNV of FCGR3B for Orang Asli Negrito-Mendriq when compared with the reported studies. CNV of FCGR3B genes of Negrito-Mendriq was found normal in this study, where the pattern of copy number distribution was almost similar with previously reported studies

Developing A Hybrid Visual Perception Game Using The ADDIE Approach For Autism

Vision problem are frequently associated with autism. Currently, a systematic diagnosed has been developed to assessing visual perception problem for autism children. However, the method for diagnosed is still by using manual and hands on technique. A systematic research framework is important in order to obtain better understanding of development a prototype. In this paper, we present a systematic research framework for hybrid diagnose and assessing visual perception problems for autism children by using serious digital game as a guide and reference to build a prototype. This research framework will be a technological solution to address visual perception problems and may benefit from intervention to improve perceptual skills among autism children. This research and invention can be used for educational area and medical fiel

Developing A Hybrid Visual Perception Game Using The ADDIE Approach For Autism

Vision problem are frequently associated with autism. Currently, a systematic diagnosed has been developed to assessing visual perception problem for autism children. However, the method for diagnosed is still by using manual and hands on technique. A systematic research framework is important in order to obtain better understanding of development a prototype. In this paper, we present a systematic research framework for hybrid diagnose and assessing visual perception problems for autism children by using serious digital game as a guide and reference to build a prototype. This research framework will be a technological solution to address visual perception problems and may benefit from intervention to improve perceptual skills among autism children. This research and invention can be used for educational area and medical fiel

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Prevalence of occupational injury and determination of safety climate in small scale manufacturing industry: a cross-sectional study

Background: Occupational injuries are among the most important workplace issues. This study aims to determine the safety climate and prevalence of occupational injuries in the small-scale manufacturing industry. Methods: A cross-sectional study with ten small scale manufacturers participated accounting for a total of 300 respondents. Data were collected from July to August 2020 using the NOSACQ-50 questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of occupational injury for the past 12 months was at 18%. The most often injured body parts were hands and legs while among the most common injury types were open wound, burns and bleeding. The mean NOSACQ-50 scores for all dimensions are good. The associated factors are working hours per week, and compliance to SOP. There are differences in the mean scores of NOSACQ-50 between injured and non-injured workers across all dimensions. Conclusion: The safety climate among manufacturing industry employees is at a good level, while the prevalence of occupational injury is relatively low

Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Salmonella Typhi: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) that has developed resistance to many antimicrobials poses a serious challenge to public health. Hence, this study aimed to systematically determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in S. Typhi isolated from the environment and humans as well as to ascertain the spread of the selected AMR genes in S. Typhi. This systematic review and meta-analysis were performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, and the study protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). A total of 2353 studies were retrieved from three databases, of which 42 studies fulfilled the selection criteria. The pooled prevalence of AMR S. Typhi (using a random-effect model) was estimated at 84.8% (95% CI; 77.3&ndash;90.2), with high heterogeneity (I2: 95.35%, p-value &lt; 0.001). The high estimated prevalence indicates that control methods should be improved immediately to prevent the spread of AMR among S. Typhi internationally

A call for knowledge and awareness with reference to organ donation among nursing students

Role of nurses is very important in raising awareness, motivation level and increasing rate of organ donation subsequently. There are many studies on critical care nurses’ roles and education affect organ donation. Methods: A narrative literature review article of published research. Twelve published articles from ten different countries were found using different renowned online search engines. Results: Knowledge about organ donation among nursing students almost all over the world is inadequate than expectation and requirement in respective country. Marlene R et al showed that scores on the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs subscales were positively cor¬related with the number of requests for tissue and organs and consents obtained (0.76); and consents obtained for tissues and consents obtained for organs (0.72). Professional education was indicated in 43% of nurses surpassing family beliefs, religion and mass media. The cognitive part (knowledge) is directly depends on non-cognitive (Aware-ness and Attitude). Findings from almost all articles suggest the need of adding organ donation topic in the nursing and medical curriculum to prepare competent nurses and health care providers for future. Conclusion: This study suggests that there is a need to integrate organ donation aspects into the educational program to prepare nurses for their roles in organ and tissue procurement as well as awareness among policy makers in this regard for the well-be¬ing of our patients

A multi-hazards coastal vulnerability index of the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia

International audienc