FPT: Feature Prompt Tuning for Few-shot Readability Assessment

Prompt-based methods have achieved promising results in most few-shot text classification tasks. However, for readability assessment tasks, traditional prompt methods lackcrucial linguistic knowledge, which has already been proven to be essential. Moreover, previous studies on utilizing linguistic features have shown non-robust performance in few-shot settings and may even impair model performance.To address these issues, we propose a novel prompt-based tuning framework that incorporates rich linguistic knowledge, called Feature Prompt Tuning (FPT). Specifically, we extract linguistic features from the text and embed them into trainable soft prompts. Further, we devise a new loss function to calibrate the similarity ranking order between categories. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method FTP not only exhibits a significant performance improvement over the prior best prompt-based tuning approaches, but also surpasses the previous leading methods that incorporate linguistic features. Also, our proposed model significantly outperforms the large language model gpt-3.5-turbo-16k in most cases. Our proposed method establishes a new architecture for prompt tuning that sheds light on how linguistic features can be easily adapted to linguistic-related tasks.Comment: NAACL-2024 main conferenc

Frequency Tuning of Work Modes in Z

Frequency tuning of work modes in the silicon vibratory gyroscope is studied by the theoretical, numerical, and experimental methods in this paper. First, the schematic structure and simplified kinematics model of the gyroscope were presented for deducing the natural frequencies. Then, the width and length of support beams were optimized to tune work frequencies at their designed value. Besides, the frequency difference was experimentally tested and manually tuned by varying the voltage applied on the tuning capacitors. The test on a prototype showed that the difference could be localized between −55.8 Hz and 160.2 Hz when the tuning voltage limit is 20 V. Finally, a frequency control loop was developed to automatically tune the sense frequency toward the drive frequency. Both the theoretical analysis and numeric simulation show that the difference is stabilized at 0.8 Hz when no Coriolis force or quadrature coupling force is applied. It is proved that the frequency difference is successfully tuned by modifying the size of support beams before fabrication as well as the voltage applied on the tuning capacitors after fabrication. The automatic tuning loop, used to match the work modes, is beneficial to enhance the performance of the gyroscope as well as its resistance to environment disturbances

The binding pocket properties were fundamental to functional diversification of the GDSL-type esterases/lipases gene family in cotton

Cotton is one of the most important crops in the world. GDSL-type esterases/lipases (GELPs) are widely present in all kingdoms and play an essential role in regulating plant growth, development, and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this functional diversity remain unclear. Here, based on the identification of the GELP gene family, we applied genetic evolution and molecular simulation techniques to explore molecular mechanisms in cotton species. A total of 1502 GELP genes were identified in 10 cotton species. Segmental duplication and differences in evolutionary rates are the leading causes of the increase in the number and diversity of GELP genes during evolution for ecological adaptation. Structural analysis revealed that the GELP family has high structural diversity. Moreover, molecular simulation studies have demonstrated significant differences in the properties of the binding pockets among cotton GELPs. In the process of adapting to the environment, GELPs not only have segmental duplication but also have different evolutionary rates, resulting in gene diversity. This diversity leads to significant differences in the 3D structure and binding pocket properties and, finally, to functional diversity. These findings provide a reference for further functional analyses of plant GELPs

Effect of Endomorphins on HUVECs Treated by ox-LDL and Its Related Mechanisms

We found in the present study that treatment with ox-LDL decreased the cell viability and the content of nitric oxide (NO) and the activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) as well as eNOS mRNA expression, while increasing the mRNA expression and content of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). However, endomorphins EM1/EM2 increased the cell viability and the content of NO and the activity of NOS as well as eNOS mRNA expression, while decreasing the mRNA expression and content of ET-1 compared with ox-LDL alone. Meanwhile, the expressions of JNK and p-JNK were enhanced by ox-LDL while being suppressed by EM1/EM2. The results suggested that EM1 and EM2 can correct the endothelial cell dysfunction induced by ox-LDL and the protective effect may be achieved by affecting the JNK pathway

Tidal dynamics in the Gulf of Maine and New England Shelf : an application of FVCOM

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2011. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 116 (2011): C12010, doi:10.1029/2011JC007054.The unstructured-grid, Finite-Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM) was used to simulate the tides in the Gulf of Maine (GoM) and New England Shelf (NES) for homogeneous and summer stratified conditions. FVCOM captures the near-resonant nature of the semidiurnal tide and energy flux in the GoM and the complex dynamics governing the tide in the NES. Stratification has limited impact on tidal elevation, but can significantly modify the tidal current profile. Internal tides are energetic in the stratified regions over steep bottom topography, but their contribution to the total tidal energy flux is only significant over the northeast flank of Georges Bank. The model suggests that the tidal flushing-induced eddy east of Monomoy Island is the dynamic basis for the locally observed phase lead of the M2 tide. The southward propagating tidal wave east of Cape Cod encounters the northeastward propagating tidal wave from the NES south of Nantucket Island, forming a zone of minimum sea level along a southeast-oriented line from Nantucket Island. These two waves are characterized by linear dynamics in which bottom friction and advection are negligible in the momentum balance, but their superposition leads to a strong nonlinear current interaction and large bottom stress in the zone of lowest sea elevation.This research is supported by the U.S. GLOBEC Northwest Atlantic/Georges Bank Program NSF (OCE-0234545, 0227679, 0606928, 0726851 and 0814505) to Changsheng Chen and Qixchun Xu and NSF grant (OCE-02-27679) and the WHOI Smith Chair to Robert Beardsley and Richard Limeburner. The tidal model-data comparison on Nantucket Sound/Shoals is partially the result of research sponsored by the MIT Sea Grant College Program, under NOAA grant NA06OAR4170019, MIT SG project 2006-R/RC-102, 2006-R/RC-103, 2006-R/RC-102, 2006-R/RC-107, 2008-R/RC-107), 2010-R/RC-116 and the NOAA NERACOOS Program for the UMASS team. C. Chen’s contribution is also supported by Shanghai Ocean University International Cooperation Program (A-2302-11-0003), the Program of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (09320503700), the Leading Academic Discipline Project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (project J50702), and Zhi jiang Scholar and 111 project funds of the State Key Laboratory for Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University (ECNU).2012-06-1

Design and Application of Quadrature Compensation Patterns in Bulk Silicon Micro-Gyroscopes

This paper focuses on the detailed design issues of a peculiar quadrature reduction method named system stiffness matrix diagonalization, whose key technology is the design and application of quadrature compensation patterns. For bulk silicon micro-gyroscopes, a complete design and application case was presented. The compensation principle was described first. In the mechanical design, four types of basic structure units were presented to obtain the basic compensation function. A novel layout design was proposed to eliminate the additional disturbing static forces and torques. Parameter optimization was carried out to maximize the available compensation capability in a limited layout area. Two types of voltage loading methods were presented. Their influences on the sense mode dynamics were analyzed. The proposed design was applied on a dual-mass silicon micro-gyroscope developed in our laboratory. The theoretical compensation capability of a quadrature equivalent angular rate no more than 412 °/s was designed. In experiments, an actual quadrature equivalent angular rate of 357 °/s was compensated successfully. The actual compensation voltages were a little larger than the theoretical ones. The correctness of the design and the theoretical analyses was verified. They can be commonly used in planar linear vibratory silicon micro-gyroscopes for quadrature compensation purpose

Research on Control Strategy of High-Speed Grid-Connected FESS (Flywheel Energy Storage System) Based on Dual-PWM Converter

FESS (flywheel energy storage system) motor is used in important load fields for instance rail transit; meanwhile the power flow is formed through the connection between FESS (flywheel energy storage system) and power grid system, which can critically improve the power flow fluctuation caused by new energy grid integration regarding wind and photovoltaic generation concerning that the motor speed in FESS is related to its energy storage capacity. Aiming at the limitation of current low motor speed in the FESS, this article puts forward a high-speed grid-connected FESS, and designs a model via the proposed dual-PWM two-stage control form, which is named as double closed-loop control. In this article, the FESS, as well as the power grid system, is analyzed and simulated in three stages: charging, pre-grid connection and grid connection. In this way, the flywheel motor speed and DC bus voltage signal are sampled to design the flywheel motor side with the proposed method. Then the grid-connected double closed-loop control method is designed for the sampling observation points, which realizes the efficient design on the control strategy of proposed high-speed grid-connected FESS and the verification of voltage and current parameters. The simulation experiments show that the operation process of the grid-connected FESS motor obtains its rapid speed response characteristic, which can meet the proposed design requirements during the charging and discharging process

Cooling Island Effect of Blue-Green Corridors: Quantitative Comparison of Morphological Impacts

The patterns of green corridors in urban riverfront districts provide different synergistic cooling effects of blue-green space in urban areas. The purpose of this study is to quantify the spatial morphological impact of green corridors in riverfront block-scale area on the cooling effect. Three representative patterns (radiate, grid and dendritic) were selected in the study. The comprehensive influences analysis between multi-dimensional factors of spatial structure and morphology of green corridors and Ta (air temperature) distribution are processed by Envi-met4.4.5 simulation data and statistical analysis methods, such as regression tree model (BRT), were combined. The results showed that the D (distance from riverbank) has the greatest impact on the cooling effect of each belt green space. The D in the range of 600–750 m was affected by the cooling effect of blue-green space; The orientation with parallel to (southeast–northwest) or roughly the same as the prevailing wind direction (north–south) green corridors had relatively better cooling effect. When the width of green corridor was 20–25 m, the ME (marginal effect) of cooling was the largest; at 30–35 m (corridor width), the overall ME of cooling was the best; When the dPC (decreased probability connectivity, here the index was adapted to describe the connectivity degree) of green corridors was in the range of 0.5–1.5, the cooling effect of green corridor could be significantly improved. When dPC is 1.5, its marginal effect on temperature reached the maximum. The study provided a quantitative correlation technology for the morphological influence of blue-green space on the distribution of UCI (urban cooling island), which can guide the spatial layout control of green corridors in the planning and design of urban riverfront district