713 research outputs found
Equation of motion for multiqubit entanglement in multiple independent noisy channels
We investigate the possibility and conditions to factorize the entanglement
evolution of a multiqubit system passing through multi-sided noisy channels. By
means of a lower bound of concurrence (LBC) as entanglement measure, we derive
an explicit formula of LBC evolution of the N-qubit generalized
Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GGHZ) state under some typical noisy channels,
based on which two kinds of factorizing conditions for the LBC evolution are
presented. In this case, the time-dependent LBC can be determined by a product
of initial LBC of the system and the LBC evolution of a maximally entangled
GGHZ state under the same multi-sided noisy channels. We analyze the realistic
situations where these two kinds of factorizing conditions can be satisfied. In
addition, we also discuss the dependence of entanglement robustness on the
number of the qubits and that of the noisy channels.Comment: 14 page
(Z)-N-(3-Nicotinoyl-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene)cyanamide
In the title compound, C10H8N4OS, the dihedral angle between the pyridine and thiazolidine rings is 52.5 (5)°. Intermolecular C—H⋯N interactions help to stabilize the crystal structure
(1H-1,2,4-Triazol-1-yl)methyl 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetate
In the title compound, C11H9Cl2N3O3, the triazole and benzene rings are roughly parallel to one another [dihedral angle = 4.99 (2)°] because the C—O—C—C—O chain that links the two rings is folded [O—C—C—O = 8.60 (2)°] rather than fully extended. In the crystal, weak intermolecular C—H⋯N and C—H⋯O interactions are present, and π–π interactions are indicated by the short distances [3.749 (3) Å] between the centroids of the triazole and benzene rings
A unified theory for bubble dynamics
In this work, we established a novel theory for the dynamics of oscillating
bubbles such as cavitation bubbles, underwater explosion bubbles, and air
bubbles. For the first time, we proposed bubble dynamics equations that can
simultaneously take into consideration the effects of boundaries, bubble
interaction, ambient flow field, gravity, bubble migration, fluid
compressibility, viscosity, and surface tension while maintaining a unified and
elegant mathematical form. The present theory unifies different classical
bubble equations such as the Rayleigh-Plesset equation, the Gilmore equation,
and the Keller-Miksis equation. Furthermore, we validated the theory with
experimental data of bubbles with a variety in scales, sources, boundaries, and
ambient conditions and showed the advantages of our theory over the classical
theoretical models, followed by a discussion on the applicability of the
present theory based on a comparison to simulation results with different
numerical methods. Finally, as a demonstration of the potential of our theory,
we modeled the complex multi-cycle bubble interaction with wide ranges of
energy and phase differences and gained new physical insights into inter-bubble
energy transfer and coupling of bubble-induced pressure waves
Deep learning based real-time facial mask detection and crowd monitoring
During the Covid pandemic, the importance of wearing mask has been noted globally. Additionally, crowded human clusters facilitated the transmission of the virus, which brings up the need for new systems for monitoring such situations. To address such issues, this research proposes an object recognition visual system based on deep learning to monitor the wearing of masks in a certain space and the control of the number of people indoors as an important tool during an epidemic. This research mainly investigates two types of identification. The first is to monitor whether people entering the site wear a mask at the entrance and exit of the field, and the second is to count the number of people entering a specific area. Experimental results show that by utilising the visual sensor, it is possible to detect and identify the people who frequently enter and exit in real-time. An advanced transfer learning approach has been employed to achieve the best discrimination performance. The actual training results prove that the migration learning Mask R-CNN algorithm produced by this method and the original Mask R-CNN algorithm have increased the mAP by 3%, reaching a mAP of 96%. In addition, the accuracy of the random sampling and identification in actual scenes has reached 92.1%. The developed deep learning vision system has an enhanced identification ability for the verification and analysis of actual scenes and has great application potential
Ethyl 1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-3-p-tolyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate
In the title compound, C21H22N2O3, the pyrazole ring makes dihedral angles of 12.93 (8) and 69.38 (8)°, respectively, with the tolyl and methoxybenzyl rings
Panel-based NGS reveals disease-causing mutations in hearing loss patients using BGISEQ-500 platform
A new 3-D multi-fluid model with the application in bubble dynamics using the adaptive mesh refinement
Violent pulsating bubbles behave diversely in different circumstances. It is a multi-scale problem in both space and time. In 3-D problems, the numerical simulation is usually too expensive to implement in practice with a fixed grid. In this paper, a 3-D multi-fluid model is established based on the Eulerian finite element method and the adaptive mesh refinement technique to investigate the bubble evolution and its toroidal motion near a solid vertical wall. The mixture formula for compressible multi-fluid flow is adopted to ensure conservativeness. By means of the block-based adaptive mesh refinement, the accuracy and the efficiency of the simulation are well balanced. The present model is validated by comparing the results with an underwater explosion experiment and the existing numerical results. The results agree well and a fast convergence is observed. Then, several cases with different buoyancy parameters are simulated, and the toroidal bubble motion and their pressure load on the solid wall are analyzed. The bubble's motion exhibits complex physics, such as the formation of the crescent-shaped bubble, the air cushion effect during the jet penetration, and the nonlinear relationship between the jet impact pressure and the angle between the jet and the opposite bubble surface
Energy dissipation of pulsating bubbles in compressible fluids using the Eulerian finite-element method
Energy dissipation mechanisms of bubble pulsation in compressible fluids have always been a significant aspect of research into bubble dynamics. In this paper, bubble dynamics in compressible fluids are investigated numerically with the Eulerian finite-element method (EFEM), and the energy dissipation due to the wave effects of the compressible surrounding fluid is analyzed. The present model is validated by comparing with experimental results. Results from both the simulation and experiment show that bubble fragmentation also contributes to the energy dissipation, which has seldom been discussed before. It is also shown that the initial discontinuity is significant to the energy dissipation which is non-trivial to simulate in 1-dimensional bubble dynamics equations like the Gilmore equation. Then, the relationship between dissipated energy and bubble maximum radii in adjacent pulsating cycles is formulated to quantitatively evaluate the energy dissipation during a pulsating cycle. At last, based on the linearized theory of the energy conservation of the bubble system, a new non-dimensional parameter M a is modified from the Mach number to represent the energy dissipation due to wave effects. With simulation and discussion on cases with different initial pressure and sound speed, it is found that the dissipated energy is related linearly to M a, which can be used to predict the energy dissipation of a new case
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