Mutasi Structural Intron Trnl (Uaa) Pada Suku Meranti-merantian (Dipterocarpaceae) [Structural Mutation of Trnl Intron (Uaa) in Dipterocarpaceae]

TRNA " UAA (trnL) intron have been widely utilised for phylogenetic reconstruction in angiosperm families. Two main helical elements of secondary structure of trnL intron (stem loop regions P6 and P8) contained the most variable sequences across taxa.Detailed examination on the insertion-deletion events in trnL intron sequences of 110 species of Dipterocarpaceae has identified 4 stem loop structures within both loops.The first stemJoqp was found in P6 loop and three other were discovered in P8 loop.These structures featuring characteristic for genericJinfra-generic level depended upon which taxonomic classifications are foJJowed.One of these structures formed a large loop of 72 nucleotides and was a unique major stem loop in Dipterocarps family whose loop was the major structural mutation of trnL intron in this family

Keragaman Genetik Beberapa Klon Durian (Durio Zibethinus Murray) Asal Jawa Barat Berdasarkan Sidik Random Amplified Polimorphic Dna [Genetic Diversity of Durian (Durio Zibethinus Murray) From West Java Based on Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna Fingerprint]

Durian (Durio zibethinus) is one of the most popular tropical fruits in SE Asia. Indonesia has several local clones that have not yet been widely introduced to local fruit markets. This present study aimed to assess genetic diversity of 17 clones of durian from West Java based on RAPD fingerprints. Thirty RAPD's primers were initially screened and four were selected for the analysis.These four primers (OPA 13, OPD 8, OPN 6 and OPA 18) generated 63 scorable bands to which 100% of them were polymorphic.OPA-13 at 700bp was exclusively possessed by Tambleg clone and other bands were shared among the other clones. Clustering analysis was performed based on RAPD profiles using the UPGMA method. The range of genetic similarity value among genotypes was 0.15-0.73 suggesting high genetic variation among them. Results from genetic diversity analysis based on plant propagation system showed a higher genetic diversity value in occulating (87.30%) plants than that of grafting (60.32%)

Analisis Keragaman Genetik Kentang Hitam [Plectranthus Rotundifolius (Poiret) Sprengel] Berdasarkan Marka Issr Dan Rapd. [Analyisis of Genetic Variations of 'Kentang Hitam' Plectranthus Rotundifolius (Poiret) Sprengel Based on Issr and Rapd Marker]

Kentang hitam [Plectranthus rotundifolius (Poiret) Sprengel] of family Lamiaceae is a minor root crop known only for people living in some parts of Java, Bali and Madura. It was rarely found in its natural habitat, thus it was assumed to have low level of genetic diversity. This present study aimed to assess genetic diversity of 63 accessions of kentang hitam from provenances of Java based on Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprints. Ten primers of ISSR and RAPD were initially screened and eight were selected for the analysis. These eight primers (OPA13, OPB10, OPB13, OPD8, OPN14, UBC 807, 834 and 835) generated 61 bands with an average of 7.63 polymorphic fragment per primer. Percentage of polymorphism ranged from 8.20% (UBC 807 and 834) to 16.39% (OPB 10) with an average of 12.50%polymorphism.Clustering analysis was performed based on ISSR and RAPD profiles using the neighbour joining method and Principle Coordinate Analysis (PCO). The range of genetic similarity among accessions was 51-100% to which most of the accessions were clustered with more than 80% similarity. This confirmed our hypothesis of the low level of variation existed among accessions

Phenetic Analyses of Tengkawang (Shorea Spp., Dipterocarpaceae)

Tengkawang is referred to a group of approximately 16 species of Shorea producing illipe butter from their kernels. The name Tengkawang mostly referred to the Bornean Illipe Nut, even though they are not restrictly distributed in Borneo. Nine of the 16 species belonging to Shorea Section Pachycarpae, two species of Section Brachypterae, three species of Section Mutica and two species of Section Shorea. Recent phylogenetic studies based on molecular markers considered Section Pachycarpae tend to form a monophyletic group. This present study was aimed to investigate the nature of groupings within Tengkawang and their relatedness based on phenotypic traits. Thirteen species of Shorea and one species of Hopea as an outgroup were selected to perform a phenetic analysis. An UPGMA dendrogram of Tengkawang was obtained using average taxonomic distance. Cluster analysis indicated that genetic distance (Dist coefficient) varied from 0.92 to 0.24. Two main groups were formed, first group contained exclusively Shorea Section Pachycarpae and second group consisted of the remaining species from various Sections The principal Component Analysis (PCA) was also performed and showed the relative position of 13 of Tengkawang in two-dimension. The PCA has also identified 27 morphological traits having important roles in the grouping of Shorea section Pachycarpae. A comparative phylogenetic analysis using several chloroplast genes was also in accordance to the results of phenetic analysis, and that the Bornean endemic Shorea section Pachycarpae was a monophyletic group

Respon Tanaman Jagung Varietas Lokal NTT Umur Sangat Genjah (Pena Tunu\u27 Ana\u27) Terhadap Cekaman Kekeringan [Response of Maize Landrace NTT with Very Early Maturity (Pena Tunu\u27 Ana\u27) to Drought Stress]

In dry land areas such as Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT), low production of maize may due to selection of using local varieties that are mostly drought tolerant.One of the local varieties known as Pena Tunu\u27 Ana\u27 have been harversted in very early age of 1.5 month, hence it was categorised as very early mature maize. This variety is therefore play an important role in the food security system for people in NTT as they can be harvested earlier than other varieties. However, no information has yet on how this variety response to drought stress. Drought stress is one of the factors causing the decline in maize production. This study was conducted at experimental house in Cibinong Science Centre (CSC) to evaluate responses of Pena Tunu\u27 Ana\u27 against drought stress treatment. The experiment was done in six degree of drought treatments, 0 (control), 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 days with 4 replications. Parameters measured were soil water, relative leaf water,proline and sugar content in leaves and roots at each level of drought stressed. Results showed that with increasing level of drought stress,soil water and relative leaf water content were decreased while proline and sugar content were increased. At the same level of drought stress, accumulation of proline and sugar in the roots was higher than those in the leaves. Drought stress terminated at 16 days, where the roots content of proline reached 10.36 mg/g and sugar 110.91 mg/g, while the leaves content of proline was of 2.84 mg/g and sugar was of 38.44 mg/g. At the level of drought stress during 16 days, the plants suffered temporary wilting but refreshed after watering