380 research outputs found
p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Regulates Oscillation of Chick Pineal Circadian Clock
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 are members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, and in some cases these kinases serve for closely related cellular functions within a cell. In a wide range of animal clock structures, ERK plays an important role in the circadian time-keeping mechanism. Here we found that immunoreactivity to p38 protein was uniformly distributed among cells in the chick pineal gland. On the other hand, a constant level of activated p38 was detected over the day, predominantly in the follicular and parafollicular pinealocytes that are potential circadian clock-containing cells. Chronic application of SB203580, a selective and reversible inhibitor of p38, to the cultured chick pineal cells markedly lengthened the period of the circadian rhythm of the melatonin release (up to 28.7 h). Noticeably, despite no significant temporal change of activated p38 level, a 4-h pulse treatment with SB203580 delayed the phase of the rhythm only when delivered during the subjective day. These results indicate a time-of-day-specific role of continuously activated p38 in the period length regulation of the chick pineal clock and suggest temporally separated regulation of the clock by two MAPKs, nighttime-activated ERK and daytime-working p38
TA fluorescence detector calibration by UV LED with an unmanned aerial vehicle
ArticlePoS ICRC2017journal articl
The H2TH-like motif of the Escherichia coli multifunctional protein KsgA is required for DNA binding involved in DNA repair and the suppression of mutation frequencies
[Background] DNA oxidatively damaged by reactive oxygen species is repaired by base excision repair (BER) pathway proteins, with DNA glycosylases removing damaged or mismatched bases in the first step of BER. KsgA is a multifunctional protein that exhibits the activities of two enzymes, DNA glycosylase and rRNA dimethyltransferase. The structure-function relationship of the KsgA protein in cellular DNA repair remains unclear because the domains required for KsgA to recognize DNA have not been identified. [Purpose] To clarify the mechanisms by which KsgA recognizes damaged DNA and to identify the DNA-binding site, which exists in KsgA. [Methods] A structural analysis and in vitro DNA-protein binding assay were performed. The C-terminal function of the KsgA protein was investigated in vitro and in vivo. [Results] The 3D conformations of KsgA, MutM, and Nei were compared at UCSF Chimera. The root mean square deviation of KsgA (214-273) and MutM (148-212) and that of KsgA (214-273) and Nei (145-212) were 1.067 and 1.188 Å, both less than 2 Å, suggesting that the C terminal of KsgA is spatially similar to the H2TH domains of MutM and Nei. The full-length KsgA protein and KsgA lacking 1-8 or 214-273 amino acids were purified and used in gel mobility shift assays. KsgA exhibited DNA-binding activity, which was lost in the C-terminally deleted KsgA protein. Spontaneous mutation frequency was measured using a mutM mutY ksgA-deficient strain, and the results obtained showed that the mutation frequency was not suppressed by KsgA lacking the C-terminal region, whereas it was in KsgA. To assess dimethyltransferase activity, kasugamycin sensitivity was assessed in wild-type and ksgA-deficient strains. Plasmids carrying the full-length ksgA gene and C-terminal deletion gene were introduced into ksgA-deficient strains. KsgA lacking the C terminus restored dimethyltransferase activity in the ksgA-deficient strain as well as KsgA. [Conclusion] The present results confirmed that one enzyme exhibited two activities and revealed that the C-terminal (214-273) amino acids of KsgA were highly similar to the H2TH structural domain, exhibited DNA-binding activity, and inhibited spontaneous mutations. This site is not essential for dimethyltransferase activity
General-relativistic neutrino-radiation magnetohydrodynamics simulation of seconds-long black hole-neutron star mergers: Dependence on initial magnetic field strength, configuration, and neutron-star equation of state
As a follow-up study of our previous work, numerical-relativity simulations
for seconds-long black hole-neutron star mergers are performed for a variety of
setups. Irrespective of the initial and symmetry conditions, we find
qualitatively universal evolution processes: The dynamical mass ejection takes
place together with a massive accretion disk formation after the neutron star
is tidally disrupted; Subsequently, the magnetic field in the accretion disk is
amplified by the magnetic winding, Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, and
magnetorotational instability, which establish a turbulent state inducing the
dynamo and angular momentum transport; The post-merger mass ejection by the
effective viscous processes stemming from the magnetohydrodynamics turbulence
sets in at - ms after the merger and continues for several
hundred ms; A magnetosphere near the black-hole spin axis is developed and the
collimated strong Poynting flux is generated with its lifetime of -
s. We have newly found that the model of no equatorial-plane symmetry shows the
reverse of the magnetic-field polarity in the magnetosphere, which is caused by
the dynamo associated with the magnetorotational instability in the accretion
disk. The model with initially toroidal fields shows the tilt of the disk and
magnetosphere in the late post-merger stage because of the anisotropic
post-merger mass ejection. These effects could terminate the strong
Poynting-luminosity stage within the timescale of - s.Comment: 28 pages, 20 figures, and 2 tables. arXiv admin note: text overlap
with arXiv:2111.0462
Development of a UAV-mounted Light Source for Fluorescence Detector Calibration of the Telescope Array Experiment
ArticleThe Physical Society of Japanjournal articl
Self-consistent picture of the mass ejection from a one second-long binary neutron star merger leaving a short-lived remnant in general-relativistic neutrino-radiation magnetohydrodynamic simulation
We perform a general-relativistic neutrino-radiation magnetohydrodynamic
simulation of a one second-long binary neutron star merger on Japanese
supercomputer Fugaku using about million CPU hours with CPUs. We
consider an asymmetric binary neutron star merger with masses of and
and a `soft' equation of state SFHo. It results in a short-lived
remnant with the lifetime of \,s, and subsequent massive torus
formation with the mass of after the remnant collapses to
a black hole. For the first time, we confirm that after the dynamical mass
ejection, which drives the fast tail and mildly relativistic components, the
post-merger mass ejection from the massive torus takes place due to the
magnetorotational instability-driven turbulent viscosity and the two ejecta
components are seen in the distributions of the electron fraction and velocity
with distinct features.Comment: Accepted in PRL. 8 pages, 5 figure, Supplement Material is
https://www2.yukawa.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~kenta.kiuchi/anime/FUGAKU/FUGAKU2022_Supplement_Material.pd
Actinide-boosting r Process in Black Hole-Neutron Star Merger Ejecta
We examine nucleosynthesis in the ejecta of black hole-neutron star mergers
based on the results of self-consistent, long-term
neutrino-radiation-magnetohydrodynamics simulations for the first time. We find
that the combination of dynamical and post-merger ejecta reproduces a
solar-like r-process pattern. Moreover, the enhancement level of actinides is
highly sensitive to the distribution of both electron fraction and the velocity
of the dynamical ejecta. Our result implies that the mean electron fraction of
dynamical ejecta should be ~ 0.05-0.08 in order to reconcile the
nucleosynthetic abundances with those in r-process-enhanced, actinide-boosted
stars. This result provides an important constraint for nuclear equations of
state.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Optimization temperature sensitivity using the optically detected magnetic resonance spectrum of a nitrogen-vacancy center ensemble
Temperature sensing with nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers using quantum
techniques is very promising and further development is expected. Recently, the
optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectrum of a high-density
ensemble of the NV centers was reproduced with noise parameters [inhomogeneous
magnetic field, inhomogeneous strain (electric field) distribution, and
homogeneous broadening] of the NV center ensemble. In this study, we use ODMR
to estimate the noise parameters of the NV centers in several diamonds. These
parameters strongly depend on the spin concentration. This knowledge is then
applied to theoretically predict the temperature sensitivity. Using the
diffraction-limited volume of 0.1 micron^3, which is the typical limit in
confocal microscopy, the optimal sensitivity is estimated to be around 0.76
mK/Hz^(1/2) with an NV center concentration of 5.0e10^17/cm^3. This sensitivity
is much higher than previously reported sensitivities, demonstrating the
excellent potential of temperature sensing with NV centers.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures, 1 tabl
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