Potential use of the Asteraceae family as a cure for diabetes: A review of ethnopharmacology to modern day drug and nutraceuticals developments

The diabetes-associated mortality rate is increasing annually, along with the severity of its accompanying disorders that impair human health. Worldwide, several medicinal plants are frequently urged for the management of diabetes. Reports are available on the use of medicinal plants by traditional healers for their blood-sugar-lowering effects, along with scientific evidence to support such claims. The Asteraceae family is one of the most diverse flowering plants, with about 1,690 genera and 32,000 species. Since ancient times, people have consumed various herbs of the Asteraceae family as food and employed them as medicine. Despite the wide variety of members within the family, most of them are rich in naturally occurring polysaccharides that possess potent prebiotic effects, which trigger their use as potential nutraceuticals. This review provides detailed information on the reported Asteraceae plants traditionally used as antidiabetic agents, with a major focus on the plants of this family that are known to exert antioxidant, hepatoprotective, vasodilation, and wound healing effects, which further action for the prevention of major diseases like cardiovascular disease (CVD), liver cirrhosis, and diabetes mellitus (DM). Moreover, this review highlights the potential of Asteraceae plants to counteract diabetic conditions when used as food and nutraceuticals. The information documented in this review article can serve as a pioneer for developing research initiatives directed at the exploration of Asteraceae and, at the forefront, the development of a botanical drug for the treatment of DM

Social Cultural Institutions, Political Thinking and Governance in Jharkhandi Indigenous Litrature

The present article explores the horizons and depths of political thinking in the indigenous literature of Jharkhand. In order to establish the idea of political awakenings, I have put a forward insight study into the folk literature and folk arts of the indigenous communities of Jharkhand, especially Santhal community and Munda community which come from the proto-Astraloid group linguistically that covers the spirit of politicalawakenings and thought ever since its existence in the life abode of this region. My best effort is to explore the so far unknown facets of their heroic roles of the communities preserved in their oral literature, arts and culture comprehensively folk songs, folk tales, proverbs and creative narratives, story telling which have had the brilliant past of two great revolutions like ‘HOOL’ and ‘ULGULAN’ that brought forth the concept of the village republic in the form of ‘Hind Swaraj’ in the mind of Mahatma Gandhi, the father of Indian Nation. Mahatma Gandhi collected the philosophy of HOOL (1855) of the great revolutionary like Sido Kanhu and the philosophy of ULGULAN (1895) of Bhagwan Birsa Munda in their oral languageand literature which became the source of the finest replica of Hind Swaraj with its traditional set of institutions like Manjhi, Parganas, Munda, Mahato, Pahara, Pahan in the lap of mountain, river and long range of forest cover for the Panchayati Raj Institutions of Jharkhand particularly andIndia as a whole in the present time. The indigenous literature reveals the identity in oral heritage and tradition. It enmeshed intricately immersed in its cultural folklore, tradition, heritage and memory which support and complement each other is an art form of immemorial time. The most important step is to present the folkloric research for the best presentation of their pragmatic, native categorization of the creators and second, the abstract, universalizing categorizations of the scholarly traditions. It has been traced in their long narrative songs (Karam Binti), proverbs and particularly the rich traditions of riddling into order in accordance with academic conversations and then the closer with brief considerations of their symbols, decorative arts, dance and drama. So a fine attempt has been put forward to arrange this thought of political thinking through the materials of their oral literature rationally and to shift forward cultural interpretations

Anesthetic management of right atrial mass removal and pulmonary artery thrombectomy in a patient with primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome

Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APLAS) characterises a clinical condition of arterial and venous thrombosis associated with phospholipids directed antibodies. APLAS occurs in 2&#x0025; of the general population. However, one study demonstrated that 7.1&#x0025; of hospitalised patients were tested positive for at least one of the three anticardiolipin antibody idiotype. Antiphospholipid antibodies often inhibit phospholipids dependent coagulation <i>in vitro</i> and interfere with laboratory testing of hemostasis. Therefore, the management of anticoagulation during cardiopulmonary bypass can be quite challenging in these patients. Here, we present a case of right atrial mass removal and pulmonary thrombectomy in a patient of APLAS

Comparison of continuous thoracic epidural and paravertebral block for postoperative analgesia after robotic-assisted coronary artery bypass surgery

Minimally invasive surgery with robotic assistance should elicit minimal pain. Regional analgesic techniques have shown excellent analgesia after thoracotomy. Thus the aim of this study was to compare thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) technique with paravertebral block (PVB) technique in these patients with regard to quality of analgesia, complications, and haemodynamic and respiratory parameters. This was a prospective randomised study involving 36 patients undergoing elective robotic-assisted coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). TEA or PVB were administered in these patients. The results revealed no significant differences with regard to demographics, haemodynamics, and arterial blood gases. Pulmonary functions were better maintained in PVB group postoperatively; however, this was statistically insignificant. The quality of analgesia was also comparable in both the groups. We conclude that PVB is a safe and effective technique for postoperative analgesia after robotic-assisted CABG and is comparable to TEA with regard to quality of analgesia

Emerging Technologies and IPR: A Cross-Jurisdictional Examination of AI and Patent Laws in India and the USA

413-421The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is swiftly reaching a critical juncture, which will greatly affect a multitude of sectors such as business, healthcare, and agriculture. While the enhanced capabilities of AI offer considerable potential for beneficial outcomes, they also present a substantial obstacle to current legal structures regulating patents. This conundrum carries extensive consequences for creativity, economic growth, and the broader community.1 In light of this, it is critical that stakeholders, including patent experts, policymakers, and academics, engage in robust dialogues to develop strategies for encouraging innovation and navigating the complex legal terrain that arises from patent law in the AI paradigm.2 The stakes are high, and the consequences of failing to address these challenges could be dire. In light of the current context, this paper examines various facets of patent law as they relate to AI creations, encompassing patent eligibility principles, the patentability of AI in the United States and India, and the more extensive consequences of AI and patent law's convergence. The paper offers a comparative analysis of the legal structures in these two nations, illuminating the similarities and distinctions in how AI is addressed in each legal system. The paper proposes a set of suggestions for modifying legal frameworks to keep up with the swift advancements in AI technology. By concentrating on the difficulties that emerge from the interplay of AI and patent law, the paper underscores the necessity for continuous discussion and cooperation among all parties involved, ensuring that creativity flourishes in this rapidly changing and exhilarating domain

Antifungal Metabolites as Food Bio-Preservative: Innovation, Outlook, and Challenges

Perishable food spoilage caused by fungi is a major cause of discomfort for food producers. Food sensory abnormalities range from aesthetic degeneration to significant aroma, color, or consistency alterations due to this spoilage. Bio-preservation is the use of natural or controlled bacteria or antimicrobials to enhance the quality and safety of food. It has the ability to harmonize and rationalize the required safety requirements with conventional preservation methods and food production safety and quality demands. Even though synthetic preservatives could fix such issues, there is indeed a significant social need for “clean label” foods. As a result, consumers are now seeking foods that are healthier, less processed, and safer. The implementation of antifungal compounds has gotten a lot of attention in recent decades. As a result, the identification and characterization of such antifungal agents has made promising advances. The present state of information on antifungal molecules, their modes of activity, connections with specific target fungi varieties, and uses in food production systems are summarized in this review

Narrative Review: Bioactive Potential of Various Mushrooms as the Treasure of Versatile Therapeutic Natural Product

Mushrooms have remained an eternal part of traditional cuisines due to their beneficial health potential and have long been recognized as a folk medicine for their broad spectrum of nutraceuticals, as well as therapeutic and prophylactic uses. Nowadays, they have been extensively investigated to explain the chemical nature and mechanisms of action of their biomedicine and nutraceuticals capacity. Mushrooms belong to the astounding dominion of Fungi and are known as a macrofungus. Significant health benefits of mushrooms, including antiviral, antibacterial, anti-parasitic, antifungal, wound healing, anticancer, immunomodulating, antioxidant, radical scavenging, detoxification, hepatoprotective cardiovascular, anti-hypercholesterolemia, and anti-diabetic effects, etc., have been reported around the globe and have attracted significant interests of its further exploration in commercial sectors. They can function as functional foods, help in the treatment and therapeutic interventions of sub-optimal health states, and prevent some consequences of life-threatening diseases. Mushrooms mainly contained low and high molecular weight polysaccharides, fatty acids, lectins, and glucans responsible for their therapeutic action. Due to the large varieties of mushrooms present, it becomes challenging to identify chemical components present in them and their beneficial action. This article highlights such therapeutic activities with their active ingredients for mushrooms

Nanofertilizers: A Smart and Sustainable Attribute to Modern Agriculture

The widespread use of fertilizers is a result of the increased global demand for food. The commonly used chemical fertilizers may increase plant growth and output, but they have deleterious effects on the soil, the environment, and even human health. Therefore, nanofertilizers are one of the most promising solutions or substitutes for conventional fertilizers. These engineered materials are composed of nanoparticles containing macro- and micronutrients that are delivered to the plant rhizosphere in a regulated manner. In nanofertilizers, the essential minerals and nutrients (such as N, P, K, Fe, and Mn) are bonded alone or in combination with nano-dimensional adsorbents. This review discusses the development of nanotechnology-based smart and efficient agriculture using nanofertilizers that have higher nutritional management, owing to their ability to increase the nutrient uptake efficiency. Additionally, the synthesis and mechanism of action of the nanofertilizers are discussed, along with the different types of fertilizers that are currently available. Furthermore, sustainable agriculture can be realised by the targeted delivery and controlled release of nutrients through the application of nanoscale active substances. This paper emphasises the successful development and safe application of nanotechnology in agriculture; however, certain basic concerns and existing gaps in research need to be addressed and resolved