24 research outputs found
Structural basis of Fusarium myosin I inhibition by phenamacril.
Fusarium is a genus of filamentous fungi that includes species that cause devastating diseases in major staple crops, such as wheat, maize, rice, and barley, resulting in severe yield losses and mycotoxin contamination of infected grains. Phenamacril is a novel fungicide that is considered environmentally benign due to its exceptional specificity; it inhibits the ATPase activity of the sole class I myosin of only a subset of Fusarium species including the major plant pathogens F. graminearum, F. asiaticum and F. fujikuroi. To understand the underlying mechanisms of inhibition, species specificity, and resistance mutations, we have determined the crystal structure of phenamacril-bound F. graminearum myosin I. Phenamacril binds in the actin-binding cleft in a new allosteric pocket that contains the central residue of the regulatory Switch 2 loop and that is collapsed in the structure of a myosin with closed actin-binding cleft, suggesting that pocket occupancy blocks cleft closure. We have further identified a single, transferable phenamacril-binding residue found exclusively in phenamacril-sensitive myosins to confer phenamacril selectivity
Clusters of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVIDâ19) cases in Chinese tour groups
International travel may facilitate the spread of the novel coronavirus disease (COVIDâ19). The study describes clusters of COVIDâ19 cases within Chinese tour groups travelling in Europe January 16â28. We compared characteristics of cases and nonâcases to determine transmission dynamics. The index case travelled from Wuhan, China, to Europe on 16 January 2020, and to Shanghai, China, on 27 January 2020, within a tour group (group A). Tour groups with the same outbound flight (group B) or the same tourism venue (group D) and all Chinese passengers on the inbound flight (group C) were investigated. The outbreak involved 11 confirmed cases, 10 suspected cases and six tourists who remained healthy. Group A, involving seven confirmed cases and six suspected cases, consisted of familial transmission followed by propagative transmission. There was less pathogenicity with propagative transmission than with familial transmission. Disease was transmitted in shared outbound flights, shopping venues within Europe and inbound flight back to China. The novel coronavirus caused clustered cases of COVIDâ19 in tour groups. When tourism and travel opens up, governments will need to improve screening at airports and consider increased surveillance of tour groupsâparticularly those with older tour members.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/167531/1/tbed13729_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/167531/2/tbed13729.pd