3,016 research outputs found
Information and Communication Technologies and Informal Scholarly Communication: A Review of the Social Oriented Research
This article reviews and analyzes findings from research on computer mediated informal scholarly communication. Ten empirical research papers, which show the effects and influences of information & communication technologies (ICTs), or the effects of social contexts on ICTs use in informal scholarly communication, were analyzed and compared. Types of ICTs covered in those studies include e-mails, collaboratories, and electronic forums. The review shows that most of the empirical studies examined the ICTs use effects or consequences. Only a few studies examined the social shaping of ICTs and ICT uses in informal scholarly communication. Based on comparisons of the empirical findings this article summarizes the ICT use effects/consequences as identified in the studies into seven categories and discusses their implications
How University Departmens respond to the Rise of Academic Entrepreneurship? The Pasteur's Quadrant Explanation
This paper examines how universities can develop a new organizational structure to cope with the rise of academic entrepreneurship. By deploying the Pasteurian quadrant framework, knowledge creation and knowledge utilization in universities are measured. The relationships between university antecedents, Pasteurian orientation, and research performance are analyzed. A survey of university administrators and faculty members collected 634 responses from faculty members in 99 departments among 6 universities. The findings indicate that university antecedents of strategic flexibility and balancing commitment contribute to a greater Pasteurian orientation in university departments. The higher degree of Pasteurian orientation has significantly positive impacts on the performance both of knowledge creation and knowledge utilization. Moreover, the Pasteurian orientation acts as a mediator between university antecedents and research performance. Using cluster analysis, the departments are categorized into four groups. The differences between university- and department- factors in these four groups are examined and discussed. We conclude that not all university departments should move toward the Pasteurian group, and there are specific organizational and disciplinary factors resulting in mobility barriers among groups. Policies to encourage academic entrepreneurship should consider these mobility barriers, along with this new governance of science.Academic entrepreneurship, Pasteur’s quadrant, research excellence, research commercialization
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Effect of Blood Pressure Control on Long-Term Risk of End-Stage Renal Disease and Death Among Subgroups of Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease.
Background Our objective was to explore the effect of intensive blood pressure (BP) control on kidney and death outcomes among subgroups of patients with chronic kidney disease divided by baseline proteinuria, glomerular filtration rate, age, and body mass index. Methods and Results We included 840 MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease) trial and 1067 AASK (African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension) participants. We used Cox models to examine whether the association between intensive BP control and risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or death is modified by baseline proteinuria (≥0.44 versus <0.44 g/g), glomerular filtration rate (≥30 versus <30 mL/min per 1.73 m2), age (≥40 versus <40 years), or body mass index (≥30 versus <30 kg/m2). The median follow-up was 14.9 years. Strict (versus usual) BP control was protective against ESRD (hazard ratio [HR]ESRD, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.64-0.92) among those with proteinuria ≥0.44 g/g but not proteinuria <0.44 g/g. Strict (versus usual) BP control was protective against death (HRdeath, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.59-0.92) among those with glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min per 1.73 m2 but not glomerular filtration rate ≥30 mL/min per 1.73 m2 (HRdeath, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.84-1.15). Strict (versus usual) BP control was protective against ESRD among those ≥40 years (HRESRD, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.71-0.94) but not <40 years. Strict (versus usual) BP control was also protective against ESRD among those with body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 (HRESRD, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.61-0.92) but not body mass index <30 kg/m2. Conclusions The ESRD and all-cause mortality benefits of intensive BP lowering may not be uniform across all subgroups of patients with chronic kidney disease. But intensive BP lowering was not associated with increased risk of ESRD or death among any subgroups that we examined
Rapid Growth of Galactic Supermassive Black Holes through Accreting Giant Molecular Clouds during Major Mergers of their Host Galaxies
Understanding the formation of the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) present
in the centers of galaxies is a crucial topic in modern astrophysics.
Observations have detected the SMBHs with mass of in
the high-redshift galaxies with . However, how SMBHs grew to such
huge masses within the first billion years after the big bang remains elusive.
One possible explanation is that SMBHs grow quickly through the frequent
mergers of galaxies, which provides sustainable gas to maintain rapid growth.
This study presents the hydrodynamics simulations of the SMBHs' growth with
their host galaxies using the GIZMO code. In contrast to previous simulations,
we have developed a giant molecular cloud (GMC) model by separating
molecular-gas particles from the atomic-gas particles and then evolving them
independently. During major mergers, we show that the more massive molecular
gas particles cloud bear stronger dynamical friction. Consequently, GMCs are
substantially accreted onto the galactic centers that grow SMBHs from to within Myr,
explaining the rapid growth of SMBHs, and this accretion also triggers a
violent starburst at the galactic center. Furthermore, we examine the impact of
minor mergers on the bulge of a Milky-Way-like galaxy and find that the size
and mass of the bulge can increase from kpc to kpc and from
to .Comment: 17 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in Ap
RBA-GCN: Relational Bilevel Aggregation Graph Convolutional Network for Emotion Recognition
Emotion recognition in conversation (ERC) has received increasing attention
from researchers due to its wide range of applications. As conversation has a
natural graph structure, numerous approaches used to model ERC based on graph
convolutional networks (GCNs) have yielded significant results. However, the
aggregation approach of traditional GCNs suffers from the node information
redundancy problem, leading to node discriminant information loss.
Additionally, single-layer GCNs lack the capacity to capture long-range
contextual information from the graph. Furthermore, the majority of approaches
are based on textual modality or stitching together different modalities,
resulting in a weak ability to capture interactions between modalities. To
address these problems, we present the relational bilevel aggregation graph
convolutional network (RBA-GCN), which consists of three modules: the graph
generation module (GGM), similarity-based cluster building module (SCBM) and
bilevel aggregation module (BiAM). First, GGM constructs a novel graph to
reduce the redundancy of target node information. Then, SCBM calculates the
node similarity in the target node and its structural neighborhood, where noisy
information with low similarity is filtered out to preserve the discriminant
information of the node. Meanwhile, BiAM is a novel aggregation method that can
preserve the information of nodes during the aggregation process. This module
can construct the interaction between different modalities and capture
long-range contextual information based on similarity clusters. On both the
IEMOCAP and MELD datasets, the weighted average F1 score of RBA-GCN has a
2.175.21\% improvement over that of the most advanced method
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